The Han Tomb is the tomb of Liu Che, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty. Maoling Village, a township in the northeast and south of Xingping City, is located 40 kilometers northwest of Xi. Now it is a national key cultural relics protection unit. It was built from 139 BC to the first 87 years, lasting 53 years. Maoling's paddock is bucket-shaped, with the existing residual height of 46.5 meters, the base side of the tomb is 240 meters long, and the cemetery is square, with the side length of about 420 meters. So far, tombs in the east, west and north still exist, and tombs of Li Furen, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Huo Guang, Jin Ri and others are also buried in Ling Zhou. It is the largest imperial mausoleum in the Han Dynasty, with the longest construction time and the richest funerary objects, and is called the Pyramid of China. Nine of the Western Han emperors1/kloc-0 were buried in Xianyang. Mausoleums are arranged from west to east, nearly a hundred miles long and magnificent.
In the second year of Emperor Jian Yuan, Liu Che built Shouling here, and was buried here after his death in 87 BC. Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was a great and talented emperor in history. When he was in power, it was the heyday of the Han Empire. He adopted the grand strategy of rewarding farming, developing production, enriching Qiang Bing and fighting against Xiongnu. While strengthening centralization of authority politically, he practiced government-run salt making, iron smelting, transportation and marketing, water conservancy construction, agriculture development and foreign trade development. Fighting against the Huns militarily opened the way to the western regions, firmly controlled the Hexi Corridor, and reached Hainan in the south, basically forming the pattern of the living space of the Chinese nation, thus making the Han Empire stand in the east of the world with a unified and prosperous attitude. The mausoleum is a magnificent building, and the sacrifices in the tomb are extremely luxurious and rich. Historically, money and property, birds, animals, fish and turtles, cows, horses, tigers and leopards, and living birds have all been hidden.
According to legend, the tomb contains the golden carved jade clothes, jade boxes and jade sticks of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. At that time, there were sacrificial halls and sleeping halls in the cemetery, as well as houses where ladies-in-waiting and grave keepers lived. There used to be 5,000 people who managed the cemetery here, responsible for watering trees and sweeping sacrifices. Moreover, Maoling County was built in the southeast of Maoling, and many civil and military ministers and rich households moved in, with a population of more than 277,000.
Zhao Bingwen, a gold man, wrote a poem: There is no one near the Weishui Bridge, and Kirin lies on a high hill. Millennium fame and fortune turned to dust in Xianyang. His poems tell the historical scene of Xianyang. Through the distance of time and space, through these desolate ancient tombs on display, people seem to see the original rise and fall of honor and disgrace in Xianyang, hear the screams of the owner of the ancient tomb and read the wonderful chapter of Xianyang ancient tomb culture.
Guanzhong Plain at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains starts from Baoji in the west, reaches Tongguan in the east, and is sandwiched between Qinling Mountains and Beishan Mountains in the north and south. It is one of the cradles of ancient civilization. Weihe River flows through the strip-shaped Guanzhong Plain from west to east, so it is also called Weihe Plain. This area belonged to the state of Qin in ancient times, and it was about seven or eight hundred li long, so eight hundred li was also called Qinchuan. During the Western Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties, Guanzhong was the richest place in China, accounting for six tenths of the national wealth. Xi 'an, the ancient capital, is located on the south bank of Weihe River, in the middle of this plain. Eight rivers, such as Fenghe, Huhe and Bahe, meander down from the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, forming a scene of eight rivers in Chang 'an City. Mount Huashan, Mount Li and Mount Zhongnan, which belong to Qinling Mountains, are towering and steep, south of the urban area, with mountains and clouds steaming Xia Wei, forming beautiful landscape.
Xianyang, located in the hinterland of Guanzhong, at the intersection of latitude and longitude, is the main assembly place of the imperial tombs of the Western Han Dynasty. In 2 14 of the Western Han Dynasty, after 1 1 emperors,1/cemeteries were built, of which 9 were located in the original site of Xianyang. Among them, the most prominent are five mausoleums, namely, Gaozu Changling Mausoleum, Huidi Anling Mausoleum, Jingdi Yangling Mausoleum, Wudi Mausoleum and Zhao Di Ping Ling. At that time, these five tombs were all managed and built with spiritual instruments, so they were called Wulingyuan. The description in ancient poems of how the young aristocrats of Wuling competed in luxury and autumn horses in the Five Mausoleums was light and fat, and it was the dude who lived in these mausoleums that did evil by fighting cocks.
In the Western Han Dynasty 1 1 tombs, Mao Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is the largest. In the history of China, only the Lishan Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang can be compared with such a huge mausoleum.
Maoling is located in the northeast of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province, southeast of Nanwei Township,12km west of Xingping County and15km east of Xianyang City. It is far from Jiujun Mountain in the north and Zhong Nanshan in the south. Things are the Wuling Plain stretching for hundreds of miles. This place originally belonged to Maoling Township, Li Huai County in the Han Dynasty, so it was called Maoling. It is 46.5 meters high, 39.25 meters long from east to west at the top and 40.60 meters wide from north to south. According to Guan Zhong's records, all tombs in the Han Dynasty were 12, 120, but Maoling was 14, 140. The above figures are basically consistent with today's measured figures. The total area is 56,878.25 square meters, and the amount of soil sealed is 848,592.92 cubic meters. The cemetery is square, flat-topped, small at the top and large at the bottom, which looks solemn and steady.
Maoling
Construction of Maoling began in 139 BC, and was completed in 87 BC, lasting 53 years. Yun Chuan in the Golden Lock: The emperor of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne for one year and became a mausoleum. One third of the world's tributes, one for the temple, one for the guest and one for the mausoleum. In other words, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used one third of the total tax revenue of the whole country as the cost of building tombs and collecting funerary objects. When the mausoleum was built, more than 3,000 builders and artists were recruited from all over the country, and the scale of the project was staggering. Zigong of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty consists of five coffins and two coffins. The five-story coffin is placed on the coffin bed in the middle of the tomb behind the tomb. The second half of the tomb is the tomb, which has two floors, the inner layer is folded into a door shape, and there are vertical trees. There is a gap in the south and a yellow sausage puzzle in the outer layer. The wood used in the five coffins is catalpa, catalpa and nanmu, which are firm and fine in texture, moisture-resistant and corrosion-resistant. Around Zigong, there are four gates, buildings with toilets and yellow intestines. The function and purpose of the toilet is to sit in hiding. According to the Huo Guang Biography of Han Dynasty, sitting means that you can't sleep well, because guests can stay on the side. Simply put, the toilet is a place that imitates the living and feasts, burying the most precious things in the grave with the dead, so as to enjoy them in the underworld. The problem of yellow sausage is based on cypress and yellow heart, which makes it tired outside the coffin, so it is called yellow sausage. Wood is introverted, so it is called solving problems. After the death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the yellow sausage puzzle was made, and the surface was polished very smoothly, which consumed a lot of labor. It is made up of 65,438+05,880 pieces of yellow intestine wood with a length of 90 cm and a height of 65,438+00 cm.
In 87 BC, after the death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he entered the front hall of Weiyang Palace. According to "Miscellanies of Xijing", emperors in the Han Dynasty all died in jade boxes, shaped like armor and connected by gold thread. In Zigong, Emperor Wudi had cicada jade in his mouth and a gold box on his back. The box is carved with the image of the dragon bending phoenix fish, which is called the jade box of the dragon. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was tall and fat, wearing a large jade coat, with a total length of 1.88 meters, consisting of about 2,498 large and small jade pieces. The gold wire used for * * * weighed about1100g.
The underground palace of Maoling is full of many rare treasures. Han Shu Gong Yuyunchuan: Emperor Wu abandoned the world, while Huo Guang hid more money. Birds, beasts, money, turtles, cows, horses, tigers and leopards give birth to birds, and 90 things are hidden. Yu Shinan Biography of the New Tang Dynasty also said: Emperor Wu was buried for a long time, and there was no room in the mausoleum. As can be seen from the above records, because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was in power for a long time and was in the heyday of economic prosperity, there were many funerary objects, besides 190 kinds of funerary objects, there were live cows, horses, tigers, leopards, fish turtles, birds and so on. According to another record, King Kangqu presented the jade box and staff of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and 30 volumes of miscellaneous classics read by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty before his death, which were packed in a golden box and buried in Yu Ling.