As we all know, China has a history of 5, years. After the founding of New China, Beijing will be the capital of China. During the ancient feudal dynasty, there were many ancient capitals in China, such as Nanjing, Xi 'an, Luoyang, etc. So how did the founding emperors choose the capital or move it?
1. Geographical conditions
Generally, all countries choose to be close to mountains and rivers, and they are rich in living materials and fertile land, which is easy to defend but difficult to attack. For example, Xi 'an has Tongguan in the north, Qinling in the south and eight rivers around it. Luoyang, located in the Central Plains, is surrounded by the Yellow River and has Qinling Mountains in the west. There are nearly 1 famous mountains near Beijing, large and small, with steep mountains, which belong to the hinterland of sixteen prefectures, and so on.
ii. convenient transportation and political prosperity
since ancient times, the capitals of Chinese dynasties have basically been in the north. Especially during the Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms and the Song Dynasty, the north was occupied by ethnic minorities one after another. From then on, we knew how important the north was. During the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang realized the unification of the north and the south. Therefore, the choice of the capital should be a place with convenient transportation and political center. Since ancient times, most political centers have been in the north, such as Chang 'an and Luoyang, especially modern Beijing, which was the capital and political center of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
III. Developed economy
Since the Three Kingdoms period, especially after the Southern Song Dynasty, the economic center has always been in the south, while the north is mainly a political and military center. Nanjing, for example, was the center of the early Ming Dynasty, and the capital of the Republic of China was also in Nanjing. However, when the People's Republic of China was founded, Beijing was chosen because the northeast was a heavy industry base, the north was a heavy industry center, and the modern developed countries were industrialized countries, so it was imperative to develop industrialization. Therefore, heavy industry and industrialization centers were the first choice as the capital.
4. Military needs
Resist foreign invasion. In ancient times, if the border of the capital was too far away, it was not conducive to resisting and attacking foreign enemies; If it is too close, the capital will be easily invaded by foreign enemies. For multi-ethnic countries, the capital is too far from the border, which is not conducive to the control of border minority areas; However, being too close will easily lead to resistance in minority areas and internal instability in the country.
For example, one of the reasons why Zhu Dijian moved the capital to Beijing was for diplomacy, to guard against the invasion and attack of the Tatars in the north, and to strengthen the control of the Nuzhen in the northeast. Another example, the capital of the early Northern Wei Dynasty was Pingcheng, because Pingcheng was very close to the northern border, and the command of the court was very convenient, which was conducive to preventing the Rouran people from harassing the border.