Clothes
In Qili, who live in Wanchong Town, women wear "crown style" tops with open front and simple buttons tied with threads. This is an ancient style. style. The lower body wears a short skirt with gorgeous patterns, which looks like a skirt without pleats. Married women wear a bun on the back of their head, a bone or metal hairpin, a local flower headscarf, and like to wear earrings, hoops, necklaces, bracelets and other accessories. Women in Baoyou, Yongming, Shanrong, and Sanping (Luohuozhi) used to wear large and heavy metal earrings that elongated their ears. Women generally have one or two sets of relatively beautiful clothes to wear when going out or having special occasions. Before liberation, men's clothing was mostly woven from self-grown hemp and cotton or picked raw hemp. Then wear a "covering cloth". After liberation, most of the young men and women wore the same clothes as Han Chinese young men and women, but they also retained their past clothing. Diet
Before liberation, the Li people lived in very poverty. They generally had a small amount of rice and miscellaneous grains to satisfy their hunger. A small number of well-off families ate three meals a day. Tobacco and alcohol are major indulgences. Tobacco leaves are mainly grown by oneself and smoked mostly from bamboo hookahs. The wine they drink is mostly home-brewed glutinous rice wine. Most families have pottery for making their own wine. Older women like to chew betel nut. Young girls taste it on wedding or festive days. In addition, the Li people also like to use bamboo tubes to bake fragrant rice. The method of making it is to cut the young bamboo of Xilong bamboo into bamboo tubes, pour Shanlan glutinous rice or Tian glutinous rice and water into the fire and burn it. , plug the mouth of the tube with leaves and continue to cook slowly. After it is cooked, when the bamboo tube is broken open, it will be fragrant dry rice. The rice is roasted in a tender bamboo tube and tastes particularly fragrant and delicious, so it is called "fragrant rice". Houses
Most of the residences of the Li people are huts. The structure of the inpatient ward is simple, with various forms, including the "general-shaped house", which is shaped like a canopy and a round tube. It is made of bamboo and wood frames and covered with thatch. The house is generally not divided and is woven with rattan or bamboo sheets. The board is about half as high as the ground. There is a stove hall inside the house where cooking, eating and sleeping can be done together. In addition, there are also "gold"-shaped huts and low "houses". Some wealthy families and wealthy households also have brick houses. After 1978, the Li economy has developed greatly. Farmers are living a prosperous life and have built tile-roofed houses. Some professional households with better incomes have also built buildings. At the same time, the government has allocated some special funds to help the minority areas renovate thatched huts. Now Houses with tile roofs account for about 20% of the total households. Traditional Folk Festivals
The first day of the first lunar month is the Spring Festival, which is the most solemn folk festival and the beginning of the New Year's Eve. The festive atmosphere in the village is very strong. The whole family stayed awake that night, waiting quietly for midnight to arrive. At midnight, when the new year begins, the house is brightly lit and firecrackers are set off to welcome the new year. The whole family sits together and eats freshly cooked rice to celebrate the new year. Villages close to Han District still have the custom of affixing Spring Festival couplets. Some families also paste the word "福" on their doors and windows to express the arrival of happiness and peace. During the festival, there is also the custom of paying New Year greetings to each other. When peers meet, they greet each other. When younger generations meet their elders, they also give gifts to express their congratulations on health and longevity. Relatives and friends pay New Year greetings to each other, host banquets, and wish each other a happy New Year. The Li people living in the hinterland of the mountainous area do not have the habit of celebrating Lantern Festival, Qingming Festival, Duanyang Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Menglan Festival, etc. They only have celebrations in places adjacent to Han areas, such as Qianjia, Longhao, Hongwu, Baogao, In Jianfeng and other places, there are celebrations just like the Han people. After 1985, the Li people living in the hinterland of the mountainous area also began to celebrate these festivals, but most of them were employees working in government agencies, schools, and factories. March 3rd
Every year on March 3rd of the lunar calendar, it is the Li Festival. Every year when the festival comes, unmarried young men and women of the Li ethnic group in various villages put on bright ethnic costumes and go to the wilderness in groups early in the morning to gather together with fragrant mountain orchid wine and glutinous rice wine. In the beautiful and melodious sound of flutes, drums and other musical instruments, the young man sang and danced to his heart's content. The girl hid in the green trees, holding flowers, "bu Ren" half-hiding her face, quietly peeping at her lover. After they met, both men and women Then they sang to each other, and when the sun set and the twilight dimmed, people lit piles of basket fires, sang and danced, and had fun until late at night.
The arrangement of the team is: women first, men second, single queue. In the procession, the old women with empty hands came first, followed by the young women carrying rice, wine, etc., followed by the women without burdens, all wearing beautiful dresses. Immediately behind the women is the men's band, which includes gongs, drums, cymbals, erhu, flutes, etc. Then there was a team of young men carrying "Pegasus" and "Sky Lanterns" made of colored paper. The beautiful sky lanterns expressed people's sincere condolences for the deceased. Amidst the sound of musical instruments, the people attending the funeral walked in an orderly manner. Walking out of the deceased's bedroom and reaching the door, the women of the deceased's clan immediately stood up to pick up the burdens and luggage. The "Pegasus" was placed on the roof or beside the house, and the "Sky Lantern" was hung inside the deceased's house. Then the musical instruments were gathered together for the burial. One by one, they walked slowly into the room where the corpse was kept, and after half an hour they left to rest one by one. The funeral was carried out at eight or nine o'clock the next morning. The man carries the coffin to the cemetery. On top of the coffin sit three or four people of the deceased's daughter or close relatives. After the funeral, the non-ethnic people will accompany the coffin to the village gate, while the men and women of the tribe will accompany the deceased to the burial place, followed by the old woman of the tribe. Bring all the women of the tribe, each holding a small wine bottle in their hands, pour the wine on the coffin, and then burst into tears. After a few minutes, they can disperse. The other men can also return to the village, and relatives will be responsible for building the tomb. Some of the titles between relatives are the same as those of the Han people. The difference is that between uncles, brothers and sisters, and between cousins, they are generally called elder brother and younger brother and older sister and younger sister. It does not determine who is the elder brother or sister and who is the younger brother or sister. Their age only determines the generation of their father or mother. Those who are older than their father or mother (such as uncles, aunts, aunts, uncles), their children are called older siblings; those who are younger than their father or mother (such as uncles, aunts, aunts, uncles) are called older siblings; (as uncle, aunt, aunt, uncle), their children are called younger brothers or younger sisters. Even if the children of an uncle or great aunt, great aunt, or great uncle are very young, they must also be called older brothers or older sisters; The children of uncles, aunts, aunts, and uncles must be called younger brothers or younger sisters, even if they are older. Section 5 Language The Li people have their own language, which belongs to the Li branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The language is relatively close to the Zhuang and Dong people in Guangxi and is commonly used in the Li areas of the county. Historically, the Li people have close ties with the Han people, so the development of the Li language has been greatly influenced by the Chinese language in areas close to the Han people. In places where various ethnic groups live together, the Li people can generally speak Chinese (Hainan dialect), Miao, etc., and the Li people have also absorbed a lot of Chinese vocabulary, especially the new vocabulary related to politics, economy, and culture absorbed after liberation. More. The Li people use the same language, but there are differences in dialects and dialects. According to the similarities and differences of the Li languages ??in various places and with reference to the branches, the Li language in Dongdong County can be divided into two branches: the Qi branch. The Zhizhi dialect is divided into three dialects: Luohuo and Baoxian. These three dialects are widely distributed and account for about 80% of the county's population. The Qizhi dialect is divided into three dialects: Tongshi, Quedui and Baocheng. Tongshi's Fanyang , Wanchong and other areas in Ledong County belong to the Tongshi dialect. There are fewer people speaking this dialect, accounting for 20% of the Li people in the county. Currently, only the language of Baoding Village, Baoyou Town, this county is used as the standard pronunciation and vocabulary. Briefly speaking from three aspects of grammar, the number of initial consonants of the Li nationality varies from dialect to dialect. Baoding has the most initial consonants with 33, Tongshi (Qi Dialect Tongshi Tuyu) has the least with only 20, and the rest are between 21 and 31. Between, the average is about 25.