(1)
"kung pao chicken" is a famous traditional Chinese dish. Fresh chicken breast is selected as the main material, supplemented by peanuts, cucumbers, peppers and so on, which is spicy and crisp. China, even overseas Chinatown, all restaurants and restaurants are essential dishes. This word "Gong Bao" is often wrongly written as "Gong Bao", which is actually a myth. To mention the origin of this dish, we must start from Jinan, Shandong Province: During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Chu, the seventh son of Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, was given the title of King Qi, so he went to Jinan and built the Qi Palace in the south of the city. In the Qing Dynasty, it became the government office of Shandong Governor, and all parts of the government still followed the old name. Among them, the boundary between Ertang and Shangfang was called "Palace Gate". Therefore, the word "Gong Bao" has almost become a special nickname for Shandong Governor. Although the "Prince Shaobao" rewarded by the imperial court can also be called "Gong Bao", it is not as appropriate as the Governor of Shandong. In the early years of Tongzhi, Ding Baozhen, a famous minister with the reputation of being "honest and diligent", was promoted to the governor by Shandong provincial judges after Zeng Guofan and Yan Jingming's recommendation. In addition to the case, he combined the "Fried Chicken with Sauce" in Shandong cuisine with the "Fried Chicken with chili pepper" in his hometown of Guizhou, improved and developed it, and formed a new dish, which attracted praise. Everyone named it "kung pao chicken" and passed it down to this day.
(2)
Ding Baozhen (182 -1886) was born in Niuchang Township, Pingyuan Prefecture (now zhijin county), Guizhou Province. At the age of five, I was enlightened and read Zhouyi and Book of Songs. At the age of eight, the poem "Kite" was handed down from generation to generation: "Suddenly, because of the wind, I am brilliant in space. The kite is frequently accompanied, and the tiger is the hero. " Xianfeng was a scholar for three years (1853) and changed to Jishi Shu in the Imperial Academy. Later, he returned to his hometown to worry about his mother's death. During this period, it coincided with the Miao people and the Bailian Sect, which swept through Guizhou, and was "played and stayed" by the governor of Guizhou, Jiang Qiyuan. The court specially authorized Ding Baozhen to edit and repair the Imperial Academy and stay in the army to serve. Ding Baozhen then sold his property and recruited Xiang Yong to participate in the suppression. At one time, he recruited 4, soldiers, and successively recovered Pingyue (now Fuquan County), Dushan and other cities. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (186), Shi Dakai, the king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, led an army to attack Hunan, which shook the whole country. Ding Baozhen was ordered to go to Yuanling, Zhijiang and Chenxi to raise courage to prevent suppression, and struggled for more than nine months. He was awarded the magistrate of Yuezhou (now Yueyang City) for his merits and began his journey as a minister in Xinjiang.
At that time, twelve counties on the south bank of Hubei were all trapped in Taiping Army, and Yuezhou City, which is separated by a river, had fallen four times. When Ding Baozhen arrived, the residents of the city were scattered and the treasures were empty. So he first checked the household registration, and those under 4 and over 15 were organized into battalions. Under the constraint of the art of war, he won more than 8 battalions of soldiers, which were stationed in the key passes of Fenghuang Mountain and Fucheng. And dug in the Confucian Temple in the city, and got hundreds of cannons cast by Wu Sangui, all of which can be used. Five or six thousand fishermen in Dongting Lake were also organized, all of which were deployed by battalion system, equipped with muskets, gongs and flags, and stationed in Chenglingji and other places to patrol day and night. After some measures, the military and civilians are United and have the ambition to stick to the city. Seeing that the defense here was very strict, the Taiping Army had to return to Jiangxi and the whole territory of Yuezhou was preserved.
in October of the 11th year of Xianfeng, Mao hongbin, governor of Hunan province and governor of Huguang, wrote a couplet for the imperial court, and sponsored Ding Baozhen to be promoted to Changsha magistrate. He said: "The member contacted the group gentry, arranged wells in the weekly calendar, and the citizens were convinced that ... he was brave in doing things, and he was an outstanding member of the magistrate." The news came that the gentry and people in Yuezhou had been lingering for more than a month, and Ding Baozhen was able to leave for his post, and the people who gave a farewell dinner were still reluctant to part.
(3)
In the second year of Tongzhi (1863), 43-year-old Ding Baozhen was appointed as Shandong provincial judge. At that time, in the areas of Zhi, Lu and Yu, the Nian army crisscrossed and threatened the capital frequently. The Qing court ordered the prince of Horqin, Sengqin, to lead the army to pursue it, which was quite successful. Wang Gui, a monk, is a proud minister, and does not set a seat when he receives officials below the rank of division commander. On the way to his post, Ding Baozhen passed by Zichuan, his camp, and paid a visit as usual. After learning the "rules" of the monk king, he said to the door officials, "Let's sit down and see, or else", which surprised both sides. After receiving the newspaper, the monk Wang greatly admired Ding Baozhen's Geng Jie, so he "changed his appearance and added a gift" and went out to greet him. The matter soon spread throughout Shandong, and when the Governor Yan Jingming heard about it, he couldn't help but sit up and take notice of the new provincial judge and personally meet him in the suburbs. Since then, "no matter how big or small, you should consult Bao Zhen before you go."
In May, the fourth year of Tongzhi (1865), Sang Gelinqin was ambushed by the Nian army in Heze, Shandong Province, and the whole army was wiped out. The Mongolian cavalry under the monk king was the elite of the Qing court who relied on Gancheng, and made great achievements in the east and west. Now that the soldiers have been defeated, the ruling and opposition parties are in shock. As a rule, officials at all levels in Shandong are held accountable. Ding Baozhen was not spared, and was handed over to the "ministerial discussion" for punishment. Fortunately, his achievements were outstanding and he was well-known, and Zeng Guofan and others defended him, so he was allowed to stay in office. At this point, the governor Yan Jingming begged for a break, and recommended Ding Baozhen to the court, which was approved. As a result, 47-year-old Ding Baozhen became the governor of Shandong Province, and his government was guaranteed.
(4)
At that time, there were two urgent tasks in Shandong: one was to suppress twisting, and the other was to control rivers. When the monk king was defeated, the court ordered Li Hongzhang to lead the Huai army into Lu and continue to pursue it. Ding and Li were at loggerheads in the general plan of conquest, and the two armies fought in their own way, lacking coordination and cooperation. The Nian Army took advantage of the situation and adopted the short guerrilla tactics of "the official is east and west, and the official is south and north", which succeeded frequently. When the suppression was unfavorable, Ding-Li attacked each other and was severely condemned by the court for many times. Later, the loyalists switched to the tactics of building dikes and encircling rivers, and gradually contracted the activity area of the Nian Army, and the situation eased slightly. In the seventh year of Tongzhi, Ding Baozhen wrote a letter, pointing out that Nien Army would probably turn around and flee to the north, threatening both capital city. While reminding the imperial court of the defense of Beijing, he also made corresponding arrangements for possible situations. It didn't take long for the Nian army to make an attack from Dingzhou North, Hebei Province, and it shook in Kinki. Ding Baozhen, who was well prepared, immediately led thousands of Shandong elites after hearing the police, and went to Dongchangfu for help in the starry night. After a fierce battle in October, the Nian army was defeated. In this World War I, the defenders along the route were condemned by the imperial court, but Ding Baozhen, the governor of Shandong Province, "rushed out of the front of the coach with one army alone, and fought in Xiongxian, Renxian, Shenxian, Qiqi, Gaosu, and Raoyang, which was the most successful, and several times he praised Jia and added the prince to protect him less." Ding Gong's reputation spread all over the world. After this great setback, the Nian army lost its courage, and was finally annihilated in Shandong under the joint encirclement and suppression of various loyalists, which lasted for 18 years and was settled.
Eight years of Tongzhi (1869) was a peaceful time to stop the rebellion, and there was some meaning of "Tongzhi rejuvenating the country" from top to bottom. In July this year, An Dehai, the most prized eunuch of Empress Dowager Cixi, went out of Beijing without a purpose, claiming to "buy dragon clothes" and swaggered south along the canal. When passing through Tai 'an, Shandong Province, Wang Xin 'an, the general commander sent by Governor Ding Baozhen, and He Yufu, the magistrate of a county, arrested him and escorted him to Jinan for detention. Five days later, military department gave an urgent reply in 6 Li: "Take Ding Baozhen ... and check it closely, so that the followers and others can testify that it is true, and there is no need for trial, that is, the law will be executed on the spot." That night, An Dehai was beheaded in Jinan. When this happened, it was like a bolt from the blue and shook the ruling and opposition parties. An Dehai made great contributions to Cixi-Gongwang in Xinyou coup. Since then, he has been pampered and arrogant, greedy for money and power, and even ignored the little emperor's tongzhi. He hated the desire to get rid of it. This time, he got carried away, regardless of the ancestral system of "eunuchs are not allowed to leave Beijing without permission", and he acted recklessly, just falling into the hands of Ding Gongbao, who was just Yan Gengjie. It was also a fate. An Dehai fuzhu news, in one's hand in one's hand. Li Hongzhang "suddenly rose, spread the message to the audience, and called Ding Gong: Young Huang became famous!" Zeng Guofan also said to his screen friend Xue Fucheng, "My eyes have been ill for several months, and I heard that it was a matter of accumulation. Young Huang, a hero! " . Although Empress Dowager Cixi was annoyed, Ding Baozhen acted strictly and impeccably, and An Dehai's evidence was conclusive. Coupled with the support of Manchu civil and military officials, she had to show the show.
when the war breaks out, the next step is to control the river. In August of 1855 (the fifth year of Xianfeng), the Yellow River burst in Tongwa Chamber, Lanyang County, Henan Province, and the three provinces of Henan, Shandong and Zhizhi became Zeguo, killing millions of people. The river "Dragon Swings its tail", from south to north, from Shouzhang, Shandong Province to Dong 'a, the canal is broken, and finally the Daqing River is taken into the sea. Under the control of siltation and long-term dredging, Shandong in the lower reaches suffered the most, and rivers were constantly flooded. In 1871, the Houjialin section of Yuncheng burst its mouth, saying, "The victims' fields and houses have disappeared, and the resources and food have disappeared. It is extremely pitiful to be separated from their homes." Ding Baozhen, who was recovering from sick leave, rushed to inspect the breach. While playing the imperial court, he intercepted 43, stones of grain from the canal to help the victims. At the same time, he drew up a blocking plan, organized artificial construction day and night, and personally went to the construction site to supervise. "It is as hard as the servant, human feelings and happiness, and strive for things first." Under the hands of the governor's adult, it took only 25 days to break the mouth and close the dragon in advance. Originally, 362, silver was used, but actually only 328,2 silver was used, and all the rest was returned to the Francisco treasury. In the corrupt officialdom of the late Qing Dynasty, it is really commendable to make such diligent and clean river management projects. After the successful completion, the imperial court commended Ding Baozhen's achievements, saying that he was "arduous and independent, accomplished quickly, and gave an excellent account". Hou Jialin's closure of the Yellow River was the first large-scale closure project in Shandong in modern times, which provided many important references and experiences for the later management of the Yellow River.
In 1873 (the 12th year of Tongzhi), the Tongwa River burst again, resulting in the downstream reach of Dongming, Shandong Province also burst. The disaster was several times more serious than Hou Jialin's breach two years ago. Juye, Jining, Jiaxiang and other counties were all flooded, Weishan Lake, Nanyang Lake and other lakes were connected together, the water surface was hundreds of miles wide, and the people were displaced and hungry everywhere. At this time, Ding Baozhen was visiting his mother in Pingyuan, Guizhou, his hometown, and immediately rushed back to Shandong at night. After witnessing the terrible disaster, Ding Baozhen couldn't sleep well, blaming himself: "If millions of people's livelihood can't be remedied, how can you feel at ease?" . Under his overall planning, the blockage control project was able to start in the first year of Guangxu, eliminating all kinds of difficulties. Ding Baozhen, who has passed the year of know life, personally reviewed and formulated the construction strategy of "blocking the breach and diverting it to the old river", and stayed at the construction site day and night to supervise the emergency repair. It lasted for more than four months, and the project was finally completed, and the floods gradually faded away, and the people returned to their homes. It was originally estimated that 982, yuan of silver was needed, but only 542, yuan was actually used. Emperor Guangxu, who came to power at the beginning, was very pleased with this, and issued a decree praising Ding Baozhen for "making great efforts and managing well".
It is rare in the history of river management in the Qing Dynasty that he succeeded in river management twice and was praised by imperial edicts twice. Ding Baozhen's official voice of being "honest and diligent" is well-known all over the world.
(5)
In the same light-year period, the great powers started border disputes again. Tongzhi nine years, Tianjin teaching plan; Thirteen years, the Japanese invaded Taiwan Province; In the first year of Guangxu (1875), Britain invaded Yunnan, and British and French warships invaded Yantai Port. Ding Baozhen, the governor of Shandong Province, who is in the outpost of coastal defense, reorganized the Shandong Navy and actively defended it, while building forts in Yantai, Weihai and Dengzhou to strengthen coastal defense. In the same year, he wrote to Li Hongzhang, Minister of Beiyang, proposing to build a "Shandong Machinery Bureau" to set up a military industry to resist foreign aggression. This proposal was endorsed by Li Hongzhang and implemented by Ding Baozhen. On the first day of October of the same year, Shandong Machinery Bureau was formally established. * * * Recruited 25 technicians at all levels, with Xu Jianyin as the general manager, Xue Fuchen as the meeting manager, and Zeng Zhaoji in charge of the machine design and production business. All three of them personally participated in the earliest modern factory construction in China, such as Anqing Ordnance Institute, Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau and Tianjin Manufacturing Bureau, and were rare talents at that time. The appointment of them fully embodies Ding Baozhen's extraordinary insight that "training must be preceded by sharp weapons, making people especially expensive".
Shandong Machinery Bureau has been developing continuously after changes. In 1953, it was renamed as Shandong Chemical General Factory, and in 22, it was restructured into Shandong North Modern Chemical Industry Company, which has continued its production to this day.
(6)
In the second year of Guangxu (1876), Prince Shaobao and Shandong Governor Ding Baozhen acted as the Governor of Sichuan (later changed to the real grant), and conferred the title of Head Wear, Shangshu of the Ministry of War, and Youdu Imperial History of Douchayuan. During his visit to Beijing, Emperor Guangxu gave him a lot of encouragement and gave him a ride in the Forbidden City. Empress Dowager Cixi also treated him with courtesy and wrote the words "Treasure of the Country" for him. It seems that the shocking case-solving seven years ago seems to have been dispelled by heavy reliance.
At that time, in Sichuan, the bureaucracy was corrupt and the people were suffering. Since ancient times, "the land of abundance", Dujiangyan has been in disrepair for a long time, and it will be waterlogged when it rains; The accumulation of salt affairs has led to a sharp drop in wealth income; Traffic congestion, no modern industry at all; Ding Baozhen should not only solve this series of thorny problems, but also face the long-standing xenophobia in Sichuan officialdom. People can't help sighing: Shu Dao is difficult, and people from afar come here for nothing! Ding Gongbao has a long way to go.
When the new official took office, the first thing he did was to rectify the bureaucracy and reform the malpractice. He examined the accounts of officials at all levels in Sichuan, punished a number of corrupt officials, and abolished the "Fu Ma Bureau", which exploited people for selfish ends and spent lavishly. These reforms initially shook the corrupt habits of Sichuan officialdom and made people see that the new governor was highly effective. The next thing to be solved is to control water. Due to the shortage of funds, Dujiangyan project has been in disrepair for more than a hundred years. "The more silted the bottom of the river, the more the water rises." Ding Baozhen, who has accumulated many successful experiences in twice harnessing the Yellow River, immediately started the overhaul project as soon as he took office. He put forward the idea that "the silt in the outer river should be scoured, and the grass in the inner river should be padded" to ensure that the traditional water division rule of "six inside and four outside" will not be affected. The overhaul project started in December of Guangxu and was completed in April of the following year. During the construction period, Ding Baozhen not only "lightly rode and reduced obedience, bowed and braved frost and snow, and supervised along the river", but also creatively used the weir repairing method of "turning cages into stones": that is, the weir originally composed of carnation cages was cut into strips of stones, the joints were plugged with tung oil lime, and then reinforced with chains. In this way, the firmness of the weir is greatly enhanced. In addition, while insisting on digging deep into the siltation, he also rejected the proposal to retreat the "big fish mouth" and insisted on retaining the original form. The whole project has a construction mileage of more than 7 miles and more than 4, square meters of earth excavation. After the completion of the project, the newly-built fish mouths were in good condition in the year of catastrophic flood, and only a few sections of dike bodies, such as herringbone dike, were washed away by 37 feet, and then repaired in time. After that, the water of the Minjiang River "naturally follows the track of each weir and is absorbed layer by layer, but it is beneficial to irrigation and will never be flooded". The land of abundance has restored the vitality of Woye thousands of miles. Such a large-scale project that blessed future generations only cost 122, yuan, and Ding Baozhen deserved the reputation of "capable minister" and "honest official".
On the day of his success, be in heaven, Ding Baozhen, wrote poems with pleasure, chanting:
After the Longmen was chiseled, the river was connected, and Xi Yuangui was told to pay tribute to Germany.
don't divide the river into the inside and outside, and spread the soil all over the west and east.
the temple of Shu people has a long history, and the mountains and rivers in Qin dynasty are the same.
anyone who is good at creating can be good at describing it, and it is endless to cherish and save the disadvantages.
after this treatment, the scope of Dujiangyan irrigation area has been expanded from the original ten counties to sixteen counties, which has laid the basic pattern of irrigation area for more than one hundred years. Later generations sculpted a statue of Ding Baozhen on the "Yan Gong Dao" in Lidui Park to express their feelings of commemoration. At that time, the stone river bank and fish mouth have been used to this day and are called "Ding Gong fish mouth".
The reform soon achieved results, and the production, marketing and taxation system of salt industry was straightened out. History says that "since the official transportation was started, all the people ate cheaply, and all the merchants made profits, but there were few private traders, which did no slight harm", achieving a win-win situation of reducing the burden on the people and increasing the revenue of the treasury. The annual salt tax increased by more than one million yuan, and the fiscal revenue of Sichuan Province was several times higher than before, thus reversing the deficit and surplus for many years in one fell swoop. Since then, Beiyang coastal defense, Yunnan border military affairs, Shandong machinery bureau, etc. have all been supported by Sichuan salt tax. In the eighth year of Guangxu, Ding Baozhen, combining the experience of salt reform, promulgated and published the Records of Sichuan Salt Law, from the perspective of system and principle