At present, the main archaeological discoveries and historical records about Liang Zhu:
(1) According to the research of Wei and Jin historians, the story of "Liang Zhu" originated in Maxiang Town, runan county, Zhumadian City, Henan Province. There are Liang Zhu's Tomb, Liangzhuang, Zhu Zhuang, Mazhuang, Hongluoshan Academy, Yuanyang Pool, Shiliangfang Ancient Road, Caoqiao (Caoqiao) and Zoutong's Tomb, and Master Liang Zhu was buried.
(2) In Mapo Village, adjacent to the north bank of Weishan Lake in the west of ancient Zou Yi, there is a tombstone built in Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty. After siltation, it was buried for a long time and was not excavated until 1995. This is the only tombstone among the nine existing tombs of Liang Zhu in China, with 843 words, which is completely different from myths and legends. It not only indicates the location of the joint burial, but also points out the reasons why local officials ordered the joint burial. The inscription said that Zhu Yingtai was an only child, disguised as a man, and went to Yishan in Zoucheng to study. She met Liang Shanbo from Jiuqu Village in Wuqiaodong, and they were together, teaching in Yishan. She is a classmate during the day and sleeps together at night. She has been puzzled by clothes for three years. She is a believer in studious people. One day Yingtai went home homesick, and Shanbo learned the truth and called at home. After a while, he finally fell ill and was buried in Wuqiao East (according to Zou County's records, this bridge was flooded during the Qin Long period of the Ming Dynasty). When Yingtai saw the arrival of the Ma family, she was deeply concerned about Shanbo, so she gave up her life for justice and died of grief. The squire called it a festival and buried Shanbo's grave.
According to the inscriptions and on-the-spot investigation, the legendary story of Liang Zhu was originally in Jining City. The reason is that the Ma Po stone tablet is the earliest time to record the story of Liang Zhu. Don't say that the monument was recorded according to the external discipline. Even if it was erected in Zheng De for eleven years, it was much earlier than the Annals of Ningbo and Yixing in the late Qing Dynasty. Geographically, it is in line with reality. Liang Zhu's Tomb is located in the southwest of Ma Po Village, about three kilometers north of Jiuqu Village where Zhu Yingtai is located, and about ten kilometers southeast of Liangbo Village where Liang Shanbo is located. It is reasonable to say that Zhu Yingtai met Shanbo when he went to study in Wuqiao, Yishan.
(3) Lu Xiaonong, a cultural researcher in Liang Zhu, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, believes that the written record of Liang Zhu's story first appeared in Yixing. Many experts in Jiangsu academic, historical and tourism circles believe that from Song Xianchun's piling records to Feng Menglong's legendary novels in Ming Dynasty, there are a lot of documents and other evidences to prove that Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai belong to Yixing people.
(4) Ma, an expert on Liangzhu culture and chairman of the Literary Federation of Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, said that according to his textual research on Yinzhou County Records, it should be from Yinzhou and Shangyu.
(5) In fact, the story of "Liang Zhu" has different versions in Ningbo Gang and Runan Gang. Legend of Runan: In Jin Dynasty, Liang Zhu was a classmate for three years, but failed to see that Zhu Yingtai was a daughter. Later, it was betrothed to the Ma family. Liang Shanbo can't propose, so he can't get sick. Before he died, he asked his family to bury himself by the road where Zhu Yingtai's wedding sedan chair passed, so that he could see Zhu Yingtai get married. When Zhu Yingtai learned about it, he got married in mourning. When the sedan chair passed Liang Shanbo's grave, he got out of the sedan chair and died in front of the willow tree. Legend of Ningbo: Liang Shanbo was the magistrate of Yinzhou County in Jin Dynasty. He is an honest and good official. Because he offended powerful people and was mutilated to death, people built a big tomb for him. Zhu Yingtai, a chivalrous woman in Shangyu in Ming Dynasty, robbed the rich and helped the poor, and was later killed by powerful people. In order to commemorate them, the locals buried them together and married Yin. These two legends found archaeological evidence in two places respectively. In runan county, there is the tomb of Liang Zhu, which is located on both sides of the ancient official road in Mazhuang Township. The unearthed tomb walls prove that both tombs belong to the Jin Dynasty. Butterfly lovers was not engaged and could not be buried together, which was in line with the custom at that time. In Ningbo, there is also a mausoleum where Liang Zhu and his wife are buried together.
(6) The legend of butterfly lovers originated in the Jin Dynasty. The earliest existing written material is Liang Zaiyan's Ten Ways and Four Stories in the Early Tang Dynasty. The composition of Xuanshizhi in the late Tang Dynasty is rendered, showing its general outline: "Yingtai, daughter of Zhujiajian in Shangyu, traveling as a pseudo-male, and studying in Huiji. Shan Bo, a benevolent character. Wish you come back first. Two years later, Shan Bo visited a friend's house and met his woman. He felt very lost. Tell his parents to apply for a job. I wish I had the word horse. After Shan Bo, Yin Ling died of illness and was buried in the west of the city. I hope Ma Shi's family has crossed the grave, but the wind and waves can't enter. I asked Shanbo's tomb, and I would like to climb it. Suddenly, the ground cracked and fell, and I wanted to be buried together. Xie An, the prime minister of Jin Dynasty, wished for his tomb and wrote "Yi Fu's Tomb".
(7) Zhong Yi Ji, written by Li, the magistrate of Mingzhou (now Ningbo) in the Song Dynasty, is an earlier and more complete one. According to legend, Liang Shanbo was born on the first day of the third lunar month in 352 AD, and died on August 16th, 373 AD at the age of 2 1. He never married. Zhu Yingtai got married in the late spring of 374; Liangshanbo Temple (also known as "King Temple in Justice") was built in 397. If the records are reliable, The Legend of butterfly lovers was produced in more than 20 years from 374 to 397, and it was completely formed from the Song Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty. Since then, more important documents have been recorded, including Li Nv by Feng Menglong in Ming Dynasty and Biography of Zhu Yingtai by Shao Jinbiao in Qing Dynasty, all of which ended in become a butterfly.
(8)1July, 997, A Jin's tomb was unearthed in Liangshanbo Temple, Ningbo. The location, specifications and funerary objects of the tomb are consistent with the identity and burial place of Yinxian county magistrate in Liangshan county recorded in Tongzhi, and are considered as credible physical materials.
(9) In the 1950s, when Zhang Henshui, a famous writer, wrote the novel Liangzhu, according to folklore, he identified 10 places of origin: Ningbo in Zhejiang, Yixing in Jiangsu, Qufu in Shandong, Qingshui in Gansu, Shucheng in Anhui, Hejian in Hebei, Jiaxiang in Shandong, Jiangdu in Jiangsu, Zhou Pu in Shanxi and Suzhou in Jiangsu.
(10) At present, there are 17 Liangzhu monuments, including 6 reading rooms, 0 tombs and 0 temples. Experts generally believe that Liang Zhu Reading Office was formed after being influenced by the legend of Liang Zhu, and its source cannot be falsified.
Different versions
Although the legend of butterfly lovers is well known, few people know where the hometown of butterfly lovers is and how many versions of butterfly lovers are there in China. According to the relevant personnel of China Folk Association, there are about 10 places in China that call themselves "the hometown of Liang Zhu". There are also different stories about "Liang Zhu" in several places that jointly declare "World Heritage".
(1) Yinzhou Edition: The magistrate of the Jin Dynasty married the chivalrous woman of the Ming Dynasty.
In Ningbo, Zhejiang, it is said that Liang Shanbo was the magistrate of Yinzhou County in Jin Dynasty. He is an honest official. Because he offended powerful people, he was mutilated to death, and the people built a big tomb for him. Zhu Yingtai was a chivalrous woman in Shangyu in the Ming Dynasty, who robbed the rich and helped the poor, and was later killed by powerful people. In memory of them, the locals buried them together and got married. Yinzhou has Liang Zhu's tomb and Liang Zhu's former residence. There is an old saying, "If a couple wants to grow old together, the Temple of Liangshan Bo will come".
(2) Shangyu version: Zhujiacun is the hometown of Zhu Yingtai.
Legend has it that Zhu's ancestors originated in Taiyuan, Shanxi, and later moved south to settle here. They used to teach in Shangyu County, and their descendants moved to all parts of Shangyu. The lyrics of China's first colorful opera film "Butterfly Lovers" are written as follows: "In Shangyu County, Zhujiazhuang and Yushui River, there is a Zhu Yingtai with both talents and looks ..." According to records, there was a large-scale house in Zhujiajian Island Village, which was destroyed by the war, with a living area of about 500 square meters and garden relics. There is a lake near the village called Qianjin Lake, where Jingui and Yin Gui embrace each other, and there are Bai Yun, pomegranate and other ancient trees. There are also ancestral temples and stone tablets that record the history of the Zhu family.
(3) Hangzhou Edition: Liang Zhu studied at Song Wan College.
There is a lyric of "Grass Bridge Becomes Righteous" in butterfly lovers, a Shaoxing opera. According to legend, butterfly lovers, disguised as a man, met and knew each other on the way to study in Hangzhou, the provincial capital, so she became sworn brothers at Caoqiao, which refers to the Caoqiao Pavilion next to Wangjiangmen in the east of Hangzhou. According to legend, the place where Liang Zhu studied was Song Wan Academy near the West Lake, so people called it Liang Zhu Academy. Its predecessor was Hongzhi, which was changed to Song Wan Academy in the 11th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty and was destroyed in Chongzhen. After Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, it was converted into a literary academy.
(4) Yixing Edition: The legend of become a butterfly is deeply rooted.
The earliest story about Liang Zhu in Yixing is the story of Shanquan Temple, which was recorded in the second year of Qi Jianyuan (AD 480). It is said that Zhu Yingtai's former residence is Shanquan Temple in Yixing. Liang Zhu studied together since childhood, and then visited relatives and friends in Qilu and Soochow, and gradually developed feelings. The legend of Liang Zhu was recorded in Yixing, and the plot of "become a butterfly" was also formed in Yixing, which is recognized by domestic academic circles. Yixing has names and sites such as Zhujiazhuang and Liangjiazhuang, as well as "Eighteen Gifts" sites such as Kannonji, Lotus Pond, Shuangjing and Jiuli Pavilion. Yixing customarily designated March 28th of the lunar calendar as "Butterfly Watching Festival", and named butterflies after Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai.
(5) Jining version: the scholar-bureaucrat built the tomb for Zhu Liang.
Ma Po Township, Weishan County, Jining City has a "Monument to Zhu Yingtai's Tomb of Liang Shanbo", which was erected when Liang Zhu's tomb and shrine were rebuilt in the 11th year of Ming Zhengde (A.D. 15 16). According to the inscription, Zhu Yingtai lived in Jiuqu Village, Jining, and his father Zhu Yuanwei was very upset because he had no son. Zhu Yingtai disguised himself as a man to study to solve his father's worries. Liang Zhu has been with his classmates for three years. Liang Shanbo died at home and Zhu Yingtai died of grief. The literati were moved by their father's filial piety and devotion to Liang Ya, so they built a burial tomb for them. At present, the Confucius Temple in Qufu still has Liangzhu Reading Room, and there are sites such as Liangzhu Reading Cave and Liangzhu Temple on the mountain.
(6) Runan version: Liang Zhu studied but was not buried together.
Legend has it that in the Jin Dynasty, Liang Zhu was a classmate for three years, but he failed to see his daughter. Before Liang Shanbo died, he asked his family to bury himself by the road where Zhu Yingtai's wedding sedan chair passed, so that he could see Zhu Yingtai get married. Zhu Yingtai learned that he was married in mourning, and when he passed by Liang Shanbo's grave, he offered to get off the sedan chair to pay homage. As a result, he was killed in front of the willow tree while people were unprepared. The graves in Liang Zhu are built separately, and everyone has his own grave. Now there is a "Prince Temple" in Runan where Liang Zhu studies, also called "Luo Hongshan". It is said that there used to be a "Luohong College" here. Legend has it that the well where Liang Zhu carried water on Luohong Mountain is still there, and there is a monument beside it, which reads "Zhu Liangjing".
Be shocked outside the country
The novel Butterfly Lovers was published by the Overseas Chinese News Agency of Japan in 2007. The original author is Zhao Qingge, a famous female writer in China, and the translator is Watanabe Akira, director of Japanese Liangzhu Culture Institute.
Liang Zhu's story was called "Romeo and Juliet of China" by the late Prime Minister Zhou Enlai. It has been widely circulated in China for many years, but little known in Japan. After retiring in 2002, Watanabe Akira went to Beijing Foreign Studies University to study at his own expense. He learned about Liang Zhu in Chinese textbooks and became interested in him. He spent four years studying in China, visiting Liang Zhu's story sites and conducting investigation and research. Under the guidance of China, I finished China's paper "A Preliminary Study on the Authenticity of Liang Zhu's Story". Later, Watanabe established the Japanese Liangzhu Cultural Research Institute and decided to publish three books about Liangzhu. He translated Zhao Qingge's novel Butterfly Lovers as the second part of the trilogy of Butterfly Lovers. Zhou Jingshu, president of China Liangzhu Culture Research Association, prefaced the book and spoke highly of Watanabe Akira as the first Japanese person to comprehensively inspect Liangzhu cultural relics and the first person to study Liangzhu culture abroad.