Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is one of the projects of Soviet aid to China 156. Construction started in September 1955, and 10/95715 was officially opened to traffic, with a total length of about 1670 meters. The upper level is highway bridge (107 national highway), and the lower level is double-track railway bridge (Beijing-Guangzhou railway). The bridge body has 8 piers and 9 holes, and the span of each hole is128m. A 10,000-ton ship can pass under the bridge. Except for the seventh pier, the other eight piers all adopt the "large-scale pipe column drilling method", which is a new construction method pioneered in China and embodies.
Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge connects the three towns of Wuhan into a whole, which greatly promotes the economic and social development of Wuhan. At the same time, the bridge connects the Beijing-Han Railway and the Guangdong-Han Railway separated by the Yangtze River, thus forming a complete Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, which has played an important role in promoting the economic development in the north and south of China.
1In June, 956, Mao Zedong wrote "One Bridge flies north and south, and the moat becomes a thoroughfare", which is a true portrayal of the important role of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge in connecting the north and south traffic in China. As the main achievement of China's first five-year plan, the bridge design was selected as the third set of RMB issued in April 1962, which became an important symbol of the national construction of new China.
Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is one of the famous tourist attractions in China.
On May 3, 20 13, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge became the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
From 2065438 to September 2006, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was selected as "the first batch of China 20th century architectural heritage".
Development and evolution
Construction background
Wuhan is located in the hinterland of China, in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, where the Hanshui River flows into the Yangtze River. With important geographical advantages, it was once praised by Sun Yat-sen as a big commercial port "connecting nine provinces internally and connecting the ocean externally". By the end of Qing Dynasty, Wuchang was the capital of Hubei, Hankou was a commercial port, and Hanyang also developed a certain industrial base. During the period of 1906, the entire Beijing-Han railway was opened to traffic, and the Guangdong-Han railway was also under construction. The idea of building a bridge across the Yangtze River to connect the Han River with Jinghan and Yuehan highways has attracted the attention of all parties.
According to historical records, the idea of building the first Yangtze River Bridge in Wuhan was first put forward by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguang, to connect the north-south railway. 1912 in may, China railway engineer Zhan Tianyou was hired by Beiyang government as the president of Guangdong-China Railway Association. In the process of Zhan Tianyou's re-survey of the Guangdong-Han railway line, considering that the Guangdong-Han railway and the Beijing-Han railway will be connected across the river in the future, Wuchang Railway Station (Tongxiangmen Station) also plans to reserve the fork position connected with the Beijing-Han railway.
First planning
19 13, with the support of Zhan Tianyou, george miller, a German engineering professor at the National Peking University (now Peking University), led Xia, Li Wenji and other civil engineering students 13 to Wuhan to conduct a preliminary survey of the bridge site of the Yangtze River Bridge and design an internship for the bridge. Yan Fu, then president of Peking University, conveyed his intention to build the bridge to the Ministry of Communications. This became the first practical planning of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. At that time, it was suggested that the narrowest part of the river between Guishan in Hanyang and Sheshan in Wuchang should be the bridge site, and the Guangdong-Han railway should be connected through Hanyangmen and Binyangmen in Wuchang, so as to design a dual-purpose bridge style. The bridge structure conceived at that time was modeled after the Foss Bridge in Edinburgh, Scotland, England, and it was the world-famous largest steel bridge at that time. The bridge deck is paved with railways, highways, tramways and sidewalks. Although this plan has not been implemented, its site selection has been proved to be very suitable by history, which is basically consistent with the site selection in the subsequent planning.
Quadratic programming
19 19 In February, Sun Yat-sen wrote the Industrial Plan, expounded the ways, principles and plans for developing China's industry, put forward the grand blueprint for China's economic construction, and mentioned the site selection of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge or tunnel in his discussion. In order to connect the three towns in Wuhan, Sun Yat-sen proposed at that time that "at the first turning point of the Beijing-Han railway line on the Yangtze River, cross the river through a tunnel and connect the two sides. Hanshuikou connects Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang into a city through a bridge or tunnel. In the future, with the expansion of urban land development, there will be several points for building bridges or crossing tunnels. "
From 65438 to 0923, organized by Sun Wu, chief of staff during the Revolution of 1911, and based on Sun Yat-sen's planning thought, the Hankou Municipal Construction Plan was compiled. In the planning, it is clearly stated that "Wuhan Railway Bridge will be built on the base of the Dabie Mountain (Guishan) in Hanyang and the Huang Qi Mountain (Sheshan) in Wuchang, so that the three railways of Pinghan, Yuehan and Chuanhan will be connected and coherent".
At that time, the Yellow River Bridge on Pinghan Railway was only used as a temporary bridge to save money and open to traffic as soon as possible because of poor construction quality. 192 1 year, Beiyang government plans to build a new Yellow River Bridge and put it into public bidding. The Ministry of Communications also hired John A.L. waddell, an American bridge expert, as a consultant to design the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge in addition to the new Yellow River Bridge. The bridge site chosen by Wald is basically the same as that proposed by Peking University 19 12. In design, simple truss beam, anchor arm beam and cantilever beam are mixed, and alloy steel is advocated to build bridges to reduce weight. The estimated construction cost is 9.7 million silver dollars, and Wald suggested borrowing money from American businessmen. Wald's plan once attracted the attention of the government, and the proposed bridge site was also drilled in situ, but it was also abandoned because of the huge construction cost.
1927 65438+ 10, Guangzhou National Government moved its capital to Wuhan; In April of the same year, the three towns of Wuhan merged to form Wuhan City. 1929 In April, the National Government established the Wuhan Special Municipal Government, which further promoted the municipal construction in Wuhan. In the same year, after Liu became the mayor of Wuhan, he once again invited Wald to China to discuss building a bridge on the Yangtze River. Wald modified the design scheme of 192 1. In order to ensure the passage of Yangtze River ships, the bridge adopts simple truss beams with hanging beams, with a total length of 40 10 feet and *** 15 holes. The first floor of the bridge deck is used for roads and railways, and the bridge deck can rise by 150. The cost of this plan is too high to follow, and the national government is too busy dealing with internal military factional struggles, including the Chiang Kai-shek War, the Central Plains War and other civil wars to take care of the construction of the Yangtze River Bridge.
Third planning
1935 In view of the fact that the entire line of Guangdong-Han Railway is about to be completed and opened to traffic, it is necessary to connect Pinghan and Guangdong-Han Railway in Wuhan. At that time, the Ministry of Railways had considered imitating the Nanjing Railway Ferry built by 1933. However, due to the fluctuation of the water level of the Yangtze River in Wuhan is twice that of Nanjing, it is difficult to get close to the bridges on both sides of the strait, so the railway ferry plan was forced to be shelved. In the same year, the Qiantang River Bridge Engineering Office, headed by Mao Yisheng, conducted survey and drilling at the bridge site of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, and invited the Soviet Union's Molinarderson Engineering Consulting Group in China to cooperate in drawing up another bridge construction plan. It is planned to be a fixed highway-railway dual-purpose bridge, which is located between the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and Liu Jia Wharf in Hanyang Lianhua, Hubei, with a total length of1.932m, two piers, seven piers and eight holes, and a large ship channel between piers 6 and 7, with a main span of 237.74m.. Arch steel beams are erected on piers 6 and 7, and the maximum flood level under the bridge is 30m. On the first floor of the bridge deck, roads and railways are juxtaposed. Including Hanshui Railway Bridge and approach bridge, the project will cost106,000 yuan. In order to raise funds, we also came up with a way to charge for crossing the bridge and repay the principal and interest by stages. However, due to the difficulty in raising funds, the result was also lost. 1In March, 937, the railway ferry between Xujiapeng Station (now Wuchang North Station) on the south bank of the Yangtze River and Liujiamiao Station (now Jiang 'an Station) on the north bank of Pinghan Railway was opened to traffic, and the train ferry crossing the river became a "river view" from now on.
Fourth planning
After the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in China, everything was ready, and the plan to build Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was brought up again. The Hubei Provincial Government held a meeting on August 25th 1946, and decided to invite Yuehan District, Pinghan District Railway Bureau and China Bridge Corporation to jointly organize the establishment of the Wuhan Bridge Preparatory Committee, with the provincial government chairman Wan as the chairman and Mao Yisheng as the chief engineer. In early September of the same year, Hou Jiayuan, head of the Engineering Planning Mission of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China, and Bowman, an American bridge expert, visited the bridge site of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. In the same year, the director of the Construction Department of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of China, Ha, accompanied Gordon, an American municipal expert, to visit Han, and Xia Guangyu, director of the Pinghan District Railway Administration, attended. At that time, the opinions on bridge construction were: the merger of railway and highway can reduce the cost, and the location should still be between Guishan and Sheshan; In order to reduce the number of piers and facilitate shipping, it is decided to use a long-span cantilever arch bridge with 4 piers and 5 holes. At the same time, considering the increasingly busy railway trunk transportation, the load grade of the bridge can be appropriately increased. Later, due to the civil war and economic difficulties, the national government had no time to take care of the construction of the Yangtze River Bridge, and the plan for the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was put on hold again.
Fifth planning
1949, shortly after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), 63-year-old Li Wenji, who has participated in the planning and exploration of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge for many times since 19 13, together with Mao Yisheng and other scientists and engineers, reported to the Central People's Government the proposal to build Wuhan Memorial Bridge, proposing that the construction of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge should be regarded as a "successful new-democratic revolution". From June to September 2, 65438/KLOC-0 to 30, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beiping. At the meeting, the proposal to build the Yangtze River Bridge was passed, and at the end of June, bridge experts such as Li Wenji and Mao Yisheng were invited to Beijing to discuss the construction of the bridge.
According to the instructions of the Government Affairs Bureau of the Central People's Government, the Ministry of Railways of the Central People's Government immediately began planning to build the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. 1June, 950, the Ministry of Railways established the Railway Bridge Committee. In March of the same year, the survey and drilling team and design team of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge were established. Mao Yisheng, a Chinese bridge expert, was appointed as the leader of the expert group and started the preliminary exploration and investigation. Li Wenji went to Wuhan for the fifth time to participate in the design, survey and exploration of the Yangtze River Bridge, but at that time, Li Wenji fell ill and insisted on working until June 195 1.
The expert group has worked out eight schemes of bridge site lines and studied them carefully one by one. All the schemes have a common feature, that is, the hills on both sides of the Yangtze River are used to shorten the length of the approach bridge and embankment. From1September 1950 to1March 1953, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge held three meetings to discuss the bridge scale, bridge type, materials and construction methods. 1953 February 18, Mao Zedong listened to the report of the leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Central South Bureau on the survey and design of the bridge in Wuhan, and boarded the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang to inspect the bridge site. After the site selection scheme of the bridge was approved by the Central Financial and Economic Committee, the Ministry of Railways immediately organized forces to carry out preliminary design. 1953 completed the preliminary design in March, hired Soviet experts to guide and entrusted the Soviet Ministry of Communications to identify the design scheme.
Planning programming
On April 1953, Zhou Enlai approved the establishment of Wuhan Bridge Engineering Bureau (now the predecessor of China Railway Bridge Bureau Group) to be responsible for the design and construction of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, with the director and first deputy secretary of the Party Committee, Yang and Cui Wenbing as deputy directors and Wang Juqian as chief engineer. From July to September of the same year, the Ministry of Railways sent a delegation to Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union, with all the design drawings of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, requesting the Soviet side to assist in technical appraisal. The Soviet side sent an appraisal committee composed of 25 bridge experts for this purpose. The improvement suggestions of the appraisal meeting include fine-tuning the bridge site at Hanyang bank and agreeing to adopt the pneumatic caisson method for construction. In view of the fact that the truss beam structure of Dandong Yalu River Bridge fell off when it was bombed in the Korean War, it is suggested that the Yangtze River Bridge be changed into a three-span one-link continuous beam. 1954 1 year 10/2 1 day The 203rd meeting in the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC), heard the report of Teng, then Minister of Railways, on the preparatory work of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, adopted a resolution on the construction of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, decided to adopt the appraisal opinions of the Soviet Union, approved the preliminary design of the Yangtze River Bridge, officially appointed the director of Wuhan Bridge Engineering Bureau, and appointed Yang Wei.
1954, the State Council approved the request of the Ministry of Railways to hire a Soviet expert group to support China. 1July, 954, the Soviet government sent Konstantin sergeyevich Xilin (константинсепе). Xilin is a famous bridge expert in the Soviet Union. I went to China twice from 1948 to 1949 to help repair the Northeast Railway and Songhua River Bridge, and participated in the bridge construction of Chengdu-Chongqing, Tianlan and Lan Xin railways.
When Xilin came to China, he said that the Yangtze River Bridge should not be constructed by pneumatic caisson method, because the water depth of the Yangtze River is fast, and the caisson needs to sink to a depth of 30 to 40 meters. In an environment close to four atmospheres, each worker can only work for about half an hour every day, and the actual operation time is only ten minutes. Moreover, it will take several months to start construction in the dry season, which will inevitably greatly extend the construction time and endanger the health of workers. Moreover, it is necessary to purchase a large number of special equipment and increase the project investment. Xilin suggested using pipe string drilling method, which can be used for surface construction without affecting workers' health. However, this method is still a new technology and has not been implemented in the Soviet Union. After three months' discussion and half a year's test, the design scheme of pipe column drilling method in bridge construction department has proved to be feasible. After consulting Teng He, Minister of Railways, the State Council approved the new scheme in the first half of 1955, in order to "continue the experiment and compare the old and new schemes, which is also the method advocated by the CPC Central Committee of" relying on the masses and everything has been tested ".
1954 In February, based on the preliminary survey in 1950, the geological exploration team of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, which was jointly composed of the Ministry of Geology, the Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Railways, began to evaluate the Wuhan Yangtze River Channel and its banks. In the summer and autumn of the same year, Wuhan was hit by 1855, the biggest flood since hydrological records were recorded. The exploration team finally completed the geological evaluation between Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and Guishan in Hanyang at 1955+00. 1955 65438+ 10/5. The technical meeting on route selection of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was held in Hankou, and it was formally decided to choose Guishan and Sheshan.
1February, 955, the Ministry of Railways established the Technical Advisory Committee of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. As the technical advisory body of the bridge project, Mao Yisheng is the chairman, and other members include Luo Ying, Tao Shuzeng, Brandon Lee, Zhang Wei and Liang Sicheng. From the end of May to the beginning of June, 1955, the technical design scheme of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was compiled according to the pipe string drilling method. The Ministry of Railways convened the national famous bridge experts and bridge construction engineers to hold the technical design review meeting of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, and comprehensively reviewed the technical design, construction progress and total budget of the bridge. On July 18 of the same year, the State Council approved these reports, marking the beginning of the construction of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge.
building operations
With the approval of the State Council, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge officially started ahead of schedule on September 1. 0955. In addition to the bridge itself, the whole project of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge also includes a large number of supporting projects, including Hanshui Railway Bridge, bridge tie line, Hankou bypass line from Danshuichi Station to the bridge head of Hanshui Railway passing through Jiang 'an West Station (now the main line of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway), tie line from Jiang 'an Station to Jiang 'an West Station, Jiang 'an West Marshalling Station, Han 'an West Station, Hanyang Station and other facilities. Among them, the main bridge and approach bridge of Hanshui Railway Bridge and Yangtze River Bridge are under construction in Wuhan Bridge Bureau of the Ministry of Railways, and the rest railways and. The railway starts from Wuchang South Station of Guangdong-Han Railway, crosses Wu Luo Road, Zhongshan Road, Wuchang Road and Jiefang Road at the interchange, crosses the Yangtze River along Sheshan to Yellow Crane Tower, crosses Hanyang Yuehu Street at the interchange along Guishan after crossing the river, crosses Hanshui River at Ruanjiatai, and crosses Zhang Gongdi, Renshou Street to Yudaimen Station to connect with Beijing-Han Railway. As early as the bridge design and planning stage, Hanshui Railway Bridge, as one of the supporting projects of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, started construction on June 27th 1953 and 165438, and the cross-strait railway connecting line project also started at the same time, and was completed on June 27th 1954 and 12. Hanshui Highway Bridge also started construction on1October 30th 1954, and was completed and opened to traffic on February 1955, and was named "Jianghan Bridge".
After the Soviet government learned that the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was constructed by pipe pile drilling method, at the end of 1955, it sent a delegation headed by Kozevnikov, Minister of Communications and Engineering, to visit the Yangtze River Bridge in China. Finally, Xilin's pipe string drilling method was recognized by the Soviet government. In the same month, the Ministry of Railways of China signed an agreement with the Ministry of Transport and Engineering of the Soviet Union to make a positive evaluation of this construction technology. The large-scale pipe column drilling method greatly improves the construction speed of the bridge, and it only takes more than one year for the pier foundation project to be fully started and basically completed.
1June, 956, after two months of riveting of the steel beam of the bridge, workers found that some rivets could not completely fill the eye holes and became loose. The Bridge Bureau immediately conducted on-site tests and confirmed the workers' findings, so it ordered to stop rivet riveting and steel beam splicing before solving the rivet construction method. It was not until June 5438+10 that the riveting test of the steel beam of the Yangtze River Bridge concluded that the rivet completely filled the eye hole and was 5% higher than the national index, and the bridge project was restarted. 1956+00 June, completed all the work of sinking the pipe column of each pier of the bridge and drilling the rock disc at the bottom of the river from the pipe column.
Completed and opened to traffic
On March 1957 and 16, the pier project was completed. Three pairs of 9-hole equal-span supporting beams were installed on the Yangtze River Bridge, and they were simultaneously pushed from Wuchang and Hanyang to the middle of the river by means of balanced cantilever erection. Steel beams are all manufactured by Shanhaiguan and Shenyang Bridge Factory, and steel is provided by Angang. On May 4th, 1957, the steel beams of the bridge were successfully closed, and a celebration meeting was held that day. The total investment budget of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge (together with supporting projects) is 654.38+72 million yuan, but only 654.38+38.4 million yuan was actually used. The cost budget of the bridge itself was 72.5 million yuan, but only 658 1 000 yuan was actually used.
1June, 956, Mao Zedong swam from Changsha to Wuhan for the first time. At that time, the outline of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge had begun to appear. Mao Zedong improvised the word "water-regulated swimming", in which the widely-recited phrase "a bridge flying north and south, a moat turning into a thoroughfare" is used to describe the momentum and important role of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. On September 6th, 1957, Mao Zedong visited the site of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge for the third time and walked from Hanyang Bridge Head to Wuchang Bridge Head.
On September 25th, 1957, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was fully completed and officially opened to traffic that afternoon. 10 year 10 On October 25th, China issued a set of two commemorative stamps, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge.
195710 June 15, 50,000 Wuhan people held the completion and opening ceremony of the Yangtze River Bridge in Wuhan.
Participating unit
Chief Designer: Mao Yisheng
Design unit: Survey and Design Institute of Ministry of Railways
Construction unit: Wuhan Bridge Engineering Bureau
Construction unit: Bridge Engineering Bureau of Ministry of Railways is responsible for the construction of bridge column foundation, pier, cross beam and railway tie line, Wuhan Construction Bureau is responsible for the cooperative construction of highway bridge deck and cross-strait approach roads, and Wuhan Construction Bureau is also responsible for the maintenance and management of highway bridge deck. Wuhan Construction Bureau is responsible for the maintenance and management of highway bridge deck, and the rest is maintained and managed by Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge Engineering Office of Zhengzhou Railway Bureau.
Technical guidance: a 28-member expert group composed of bridge experts from the former Soviet Union and academician Xilin from the Soviet Academy of Sciences.
Sources of participants: Beijing Bridge Office of Ministry of Railways, China Bridge Company of Mr. Mao Yisheng, Guangzhou Railway Bureau in the south, Harbin Railway Bureau in the northeast, etc.
Technical Advisory Committee of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge: Director Mao Yisheng, members include Luo Ying, Tao Shuzeng, Brandon Lee, Zhang Wei and Liang Sicheng.
design feature
Site selection construction
Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge starts from the south slope of Guishan Mountain in Hanyang in the northwest and ends at the top of Sheshan Mountain in Wuchang in the southeast. Because turtles and snakes lock the river, the river is narrow and the length of the bridge is shortened. There are two mountains at the bottom of the river. Except for the poor geological conditions of pier No.7, all seven piers of the main bridge stand on solid rocks. Taking advantage of the mountains on both sides of the river, the clearance under the bridge is high, which can meet the navigation needs.
Action design
The bridge is a highway-railway bridge, with an expressway on the upper floor, four lanes in both directions and sidewalks on both sides. The lower floor is the double-track railway. The total length of the whole bridge is1670m, in which the main bridge is1156m, the approach bridge on the northwest bank is 303m, and the approach bridge on the southeast bank is 2 1 1 m.. From the basement to the highway bridge deck, the height is 80 meters, and the lower floor is a two-lane railway bridge with a width of 14.5 meters. Two trains can leave at the same time. The upper floor is a highway bridge with a width of 22.5 meters, in which: carriageway 18 meters, 4 lanes; The sidewalks on both sides of the roadway are 2.25m each. The bridge is a triple continuous bridge with 3 holes in each connection and 9 holes in ***8 piers. The span of each hole is 128 meters, which plays a great role in the perennial navigation of the giant ship.
At both ends of the main bridge, there are bridgehead with national style. In order to seek the best scheme, the State Council instructed architectural design institutes and architecture departments of colleges and universities to collect art schemes nationwide, and invited well-known domestic experts in architecture, art, urban planning and bridge to evaluate the collected art schemes and send them to the State Council for approval. After the completion of the bridgehead, each 35 meters high, there is a square octagonal pavilion, double-eaves red bead dome, from the bottom hall to the top pavilion, a total of 7 floors. There are elevators and escalators at the bridgehead for pedestrians to get up and down, and there are large clay sculptures of heroes who built the bridge in the hall for tourists to watch, appreciate, recall the lost years and feel the heroic spirit. You can take the electric elevator from the ground floor and visit the bridge deck directly. You can look around and see the river of no return, and the whole three towns of Wuhan are integrated.
pier
The main bridge has 8 piers and 9 holes, each with a span of128m. The "pipe pile drilling method" was adopted in the pier foundation construction, which created a new technology in the history of bridge construction in China. The steel beams of the main bridge are composed of flat chord rhombic continuous beams, and the steel beams are designed in triplicate, each with three holes. The steel beam is made accurately, and the balanced cantilever is spliced and folded from both sides to the center of the river. The continuous beam is supported by a set of articulated fixed bearings and three sets of roller bearings. At the highest flood level, the clear height under the bridge is18m, which can meet the navigation requirements of large ascending ships.
bridge approach
Hanyang Bank approach bridge is 303 meters long with 17 holes; The approach bridge of Wuchang Bank is 2 1 1m, 12 holes long. Each span does not exceed 17.2m, and all of them are reinforced concrete portal arch bridges. The abutment connecting the main bridge and the approach bridges on both sides of the bridge is an eight-story bridgehead. On the eighth floor, a pair of antique double-eaves kiosks are set on both sides of the highway bridge deck, which become the connection point between the Yellow Crane Tower and Qingchuan Pavilion near the bridge head.
Floor of the bridge
There are two floors above and below the bridge deck. There is a double-track railway on the lower floor, and the north and south trains can leave at the same time. There are 2.25m wide paths on both sides for bridge maintenance personnel to walk. The upper floor is a highway bridge deck, and the carriageway width is 18m, which can accommodate 6 cars in parallel. The design loads are-18 and-100, and the sidewalks on both sides are 2.25m wide. On the outer edge of the main bridge sidewalk, a variety of chest-high railings are cast; On both sides of the bridge are symmetrical flower boards, the contents of which are mostly based on China folklore and fairy tales, such as complacent, carps beating hibiscus, magpies beating plums, jade rabbits and scarabs, Feng Dan facing the sun, birds singing and flowers singing, chrysanthemum crab fat, pomegranate seeds inlaid, macaques picking peaches, fish jumping and lotus fragrance, etc., which are very ethnic. The reinforced concrete structure crash barrier is added at the inner edge of the sidewalk. A pair of lamp posts are erected every 32 meters, which are also used as the support of the trolley bus power supply line. At night, that string of bridge lights looks like a river silver dragon from a distance, magnificent and wonderful.
Attachment settings
The monument and observation deck of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge were completed together with Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, and they are very close. This monument is 6 meters high and weighs more than 20 tons. In the south, Comrade Mao Zedong's poem "A bridge flies north and south, and a moat becomes a thoroughfare" is engraved. The observation deck is one of the best places for tourists to enjoy the Yangtze River and see the bridge.
technical innovation
The preliminary design of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge adopts pneumatic caisson foundation commonly used in bridge construction. This kind of skilled workers can work in deep water and bear the changes of air pressure and water pressure. At the bottom of the Yangtze River, which is nearly 40 meters deep, each worker can only work for 2 hours a day, and it is difficult to breathe, which is prone to nitrogen anesthesia, leading to a kind of "caisson disease".
Xilin, an expert from the former Soviet Union, put forward the idea of drilling pipe pile foundation, that is, driving hollow pipe piles into the rock surface of river bed, drilling holes in the rock surface, pouring concrete into the holes to embed them firmly in the rock, and then building pile caps and piers on them. This is a completely innovative technology. The technicians of the two countries cooperated closely, and after more than a year of geological survey and arduous experimental research, they finally decided to adopt this technology.
Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge adopted the most advanced construction method in the world at that time. It was originally planned to be completed in 4 years 1 month, but it actually took only 2 years 1 month.
safety design
In the design of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, the extreme environment is taken as the standard. It is assumed that two double-engine traction trains travel in the same direction at the fastest speed to the center of the bridge and brake synchronously. At the same time, the highway bridge was full of cars, driving at the fastest speed, and there was an emergency brake; At the same time, the Yangtze River was hit by the biggest storm, an earthquake occurred in Wuhan, and 300 tons of horizontal momentum in the river hit the pier. Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge still needs to have enough bearing capacity.
Construction significance
Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is the first bridge built on the Yangtze River as a "natural moat" after the founding of New China. It is also the first bridge of the Yangtze River since ancient times. It is the first double-track railway and highway bridge in China. Upon completion, it will become the main artery connecting the north and south of China, and play an important role in promoting the economic development of the north and south.
It embodies the wit and exquisite craftsmanship of bridge workers in China.
The construction of the bridge was helped by the Soviet government at that time, and Soviet experts provided a lot of guidance for the design and construction of the bridge. However, after the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, the Soviet government withdrew all the experts, and Mr. Mao Yisheng presided over the final construction of the bridge. In the poem "Water Swimming" written by Mao Zedong after his first visit to Wuhan on June 1956 (when Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was under construction at that time), the sentence "A bridge flies north and south, and a moat becomes a thoroughfare" describes the important role of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge in communicating the traffic between the north and the south of China. Since its completion, the bridge has been a landmark building in Wuhan. Total length of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge 1, 670.4 meters. The main bridge is a double-deck steel-wood structure beam bridge for railway and highway. The upper floor is a highway bridge, and the lower floor is a double-track railway bridge. The bridge has eight piers and nine holes, each with a span of 1.28 m, and ships of 10,000 tons can pass under the bridge. Except for the seventh pier, all eight piers are drilled with large pipe columns. this is
Greatly promoted the development of Wuhan.
After the completion of the bridge, the three towns in Wuhan will be integrated, which will greatly promote the development of Wuhan. From a national macro point of view, the significance of the completion of the bridge is to connect the Beijing-Guangzhou railway and make the north-south railway transportation of the Yangtze River smooth.
This bridge, like a dancing rainbow, paved a smooth road in the Yangtze River moat. Ping-Han Railway and Yue-Han Railway were connected (the two lines were renamed as Beijing-Guangzhou Railway), and the traffic between north and south changed fundamentally, which greatly promoted the construction process of Wuhan railway hub and made Wuhan, known as the thoroughfare of nine provinces, an important railway hub in China. After the bridge was opened to traffic, the social and economic benefits were enormous. In the first five years, the transportation volume reached more than 80 million tons, and the train transportation time was shortened by about 24 million trips, saving freight costs more than the whole project cost. Before the bridge was opened to traffic, a train of railway trucks ferried across the river, and it took many times to go back and forth, and it took more than five hours at the earliest. On the highway bridge section, the traffic volume of vehicles crossing the bridge has increased year by year in recent 30 years, with more than 30,000 vehicles driving around the clock 1988. With the continuous development of national economy, the throughput of bridges is increasing, and the direct and indirect economic benefits are even more difficult to count, which plays an irreplaceable role in national economic construction.
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