D2 China Classical Garden is a typical landscape garden. It combines mountains, water, plants and buildings in a certain space through careful design and various gardening techniques. It skillfully combines artificial beauty with natural beauty to make it look like nature. This gardening art of "imitating nature" embodies the naturalization of human beings and the humanization of nature, which makes China gardens belong to the natural landscape type.
D3 is a comprehensive artistic expression combining poetry, calligraphy, painting and writing. The gardening technique of "poetic and picturesque" is one of the most unique artistic styles in China classical garden art, which should be further inherited and applied in the field of modern gardening. Pursuing "conception" and shaping "spirit likeness" are the keys to the success of China's classical garden art.
D4。 Gardens with a long history are an art, and people create landscapes with their own hands to facilitate sightseeing and entertainment. Due to the different understanding and preferences of people from different ethnic groups and regions, different styles of gardens have emerged. In a word, gardens in the world can be divided into three systems-European gardens, Western Asian gardens and China gardens. The gardens in China have a long history, its artistic principle of "creating nature", and its comprehensive characteristics of integrating traditional architecture, literature, calligraphy and painting, sculpture and craft. , unique in the history of world gardens, enjoys a lofty position.
D5 The classical gardens in China also show the character and culture of the Chinese nation, such as dignity, modesty, quietness and elegance. It enables people to appreciate all kinds of customs without leaving home, and is influenced by nature and art in a subtle way. China gardens pay attention to "three realms", namely, realm, painting and artistic conception. Habitat is natural beauty, and the overlapping mountains and rivers in the garden should be artificial, just like the natural state, and model mountains and rivers should be shaped without reducing the local scenery. The mountains are expensive and have veins, the water is expensive and active, and the veins are connected, which makes the whole park vivid.
D6 China classical garden art is an important heritage of human civilization. It is universally recognized as the mother of world gardens and a wonderful work of world art. The ultimate and highest purpose of China's gardening art is to pursue the spiritual realm of nature, and to achieve the goal of "being man-made, but being natural". The classical gardens in China are the precipitation of 5,000 years' history. This is the wealth left by our ancestors.
D7 "Xia Ran Shan Fang", a northern mountain garden, is located in the northernmost part of the Garden Museum. The east, south and north sides are all built on the slope at the foot of Yingshan Mountain, and the west side is flat and the slope is gentle, which is the commanding height of the garden museum. Xiaran Mountain House has used many traditional mountain gardening techniques and ideas, combined with the topography, landforms and plants on the eastern slope of Yingshan Mountain, showing the vast beauty of mountain gardens in the north. The buildings in the garden are all painted with red paint. Each group of buildings here has its own origin, and each group is taken from the classic parts of famous gardens, such as Shanjinxuan and Xiuqitang in chengde mountain resort and Zhongzhi Spring Garden in the Summer Palace. The buildings in the park are not painted, but the original wood is preserved, giving people a natural and simple feeling.
D8 natural scenery is based on landscape and is decorated with vegetation. China classical gardens [5] are not simply imitating these landscape elements, but consciously transforming, adjusting, processing and refining them, thus showing a concise, generalized and concentrated nature. It has both a "static view" and a "dynamic view", which contains strong poetry from the whole to the part. This kind of space combination mostly uses some buildings, such as pavilions and pavilions, to match the scenery, so that the scenery and buildings are skillfully integrated. Although excellent garden works have buildings everywhere, they are full of the vitality of nature everywhere.
D9 Jiangnan Garden is often an extension of residential buildings, with a small base, which needs to create more landscapes in a limited space. Therefore, gardening techniques such as "seeing the big from the small", "borrowing scenery" and "borrowing scenery" have been flexibly used, leaving many ingenious and exquisite masterpieces. For example, the courtyard on the north side of Wangshiyuan in Xiao Yuan, Suzhou, is very narrowly embedded between the study building and the boundary wall. Gardeners have planted bamboo, plantain, wintersweet, southern bamboo and decorated it with a few pine stalagmites. These plants and stone peaks are beautiful, occupy no land and are very attractive.
D 10 Suzhou gardens are different from Beijing gardens, and painting is rarely used. Most of the beams and columns, as well as the railings of doors and windows, are painted widely, which is a non-dazzling color. The walls are white. Some indoor walls are paved with square bricks in the lower half, with light gray and white as contrast. Roof tiles and eaves are light gray. These colors match the green of the vegetation, which makes people feel quiet and leisurely. When flowers bloom, all kinds of flowers are more vivid.
D 1 1 North Flat Garden "Half acre Xie Xuan" is a partial reconstruction of the former representative of the northern private garden in Gongxian Hutong, the inner city of Beijing. Half an acre garden was built in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, and was completely demolished in 1984. Rockfill rockeries in the garden are known as "the crown of Beijing". The reconstruction design intercepted the most distinctive Yunyintang courtyard in the garden, covering a variety of garden architectural forms. The buildings in the park are painted in "fragrant" color (chestnut skin color), and the scenic area is about 1200 square meters, which is a typical representative of private gardens in the north.
D 12 Jiangnan type, represented by Suzhou gardens, is mostly private gardens, generally with small area, and wins by precision. Its style is chic and lively, exquisite and elegant, with deep twists and turns and rich beauty; Jiangnan water town; Features, and pay attention to the wild interest and simple natural beauty of mountains and forests. He is good at grasping the limited space and skillfully combining the ever-changing landscape, which fully embodies the national style of gardening in China and widely absorbs the theories of Chinese landscape painting such as Humble Administrator's Garden and Wang Garden. Lingnan style, represented by Guangdong gardens, not only has the stability, grandeur and elegance of northern gardens, but also integrates the elegance and chic of Jiangnan gardens, and absorbs foreign gardening techniques, forming a light, transparent and lively style, such as: Yuexiu Park in Guangzhou; Hangzhou West Lake, etc.
D 13 "Taying Bieyuan" northern waterscape garden, with Yingshan behind the museum as the background, combined with artificially constructed water system, buildings, plants and other elements. Taking advantage of the changes of bridges, dikes, banks and ships, it is integrated with the surrounding scenery, highlighting the idea of waterscape gardening, and introducing the Yongding Tower of Yingshan into the garden by using the water surface, with interesting reflection and unique scenery.
D 14 Painting is the main way to plant trees and prune trees in Suzhou gardens. Tall trees and short trees are pitching. Deciduous trees and evergreen trees alternate with each other, and different kinds of flower trees alternate with each other when they bloom, so that you don't feel lonely all year round. There are no pines and cypresses trimmed like pagodas, and there are no roadside trees like parade: because from the aesthetic point of view of Chinese painting, it is not worth taking. Several gardens are full of Gu Teng, and the winding and rugged branches are a good painting. When the flowers bloom, they are full of jewels, which makes tourists feel infinite prosperity and joy, but they can't say it.
D 15 Sichuan is located in the southwest, but it has a long history and developed culture. The gardens there have a long history and are rich in their own characteristics. Gardens in central Sichuan pay more attention to the accumulation of cultural connotations, and some famous gardens are often associated with anecdotes of celebrities in history. For example, Wenjun Well in Qionglai County is said to have been built on the original site where hotels were opened in Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun in the Western Han Dynasty. Jingyuan covers an area of 10 mu, with Qintai, yuechi county and rockery as the main scenery. Another example is Chengdu Du Fu Caotang, Wuhou Temple, Meizhou Su San Temple, Jiangyou Taibai Hometown and other gardens, all with the theme of commemorating historical celebrities. Secondly, gardens in central Sichuan often show simple characteristics, and often integrate pastoral scenery into gardens. In addition, the buildings in the park also absorbed the elegant and simple style of Sichuan folk houses, such as gable decoration, roof warping, well platform, lamp holder and other sketches, which are still ancient.
D 16 Lingnan Garden is one of the three schools of traditional gardening art in China. Yuyin Mountain Residence is located in Nancun Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, and is one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong. The essence reconstruction of the Garden Expo Hall mainly includes the landscape of Shenliutang, Linchi Bieguan and Hongqiao Corridor across the Green Bridge. It truly reflects the main characteristics of Lingnan gardens with water as the center and surrounded by water on all sides. The antique corridor around Hongqiao divides the garden into two parts, large and small, each with a large pool and a small pool as the central landscape. The strong Lingnan regional characteristics are vividly reflected in the gray plastic techniques of roofs, walls and flower ponds.
D 17 "Four hundred and eighty halls in southern dynasties, with many towers and misty rain." This famous sentence by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, not only describes the prosperity of Buddhist temples in the Southern Dynasties, but also points out the beautiful environment of the temples. Almost all the scenic spots in the north and south of the Yangtze River are occupied by Galand, a Buddhist temple. Nowadays, famous mountains, big and small, all over the country have become tourist attractions. Almost all of them have ancient temples. Someone once described the beautiful scenery of these temples as "a temple wrapped in a garden".
D 18 Zhenjiang Jiao Shan is an island in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, with a particularly quiet environment. Halfway up the mountain, there is a Biefeng Temple, small and exquisite, surrounded by green trees and bamboo. There are two study rooms in the nunnery, which were originally the study rooms of Zheng Banqiao, a famous painter and calligrapher in Qing Dynasty. There is a calligraphy couplet by the door: "Elegant room, not many flowers." In Banqiao's view, a good living environment is not big and complete, but poetic. Only in this way can we win greatness with elegance and win more with less. This "elegance" and "smallness" are the main characteristics of literati gardens.
D 19 Long Garden, located in Sixiang, Suzhou, is one of the representative works of Suzhou small gardens and a model of home gardens in Qing Dynasty. The overall reconstruction of Changyuan in the Garden Expo Museum includes fairy tale bookstore, lounge, Liu Yun mountain house and dust washing workshop, with rocks and flowers as the theme and white walls with different heights as the background. The area is small, more than an acre, but the layout is ingenious, with the pool as the center and surrounded by halls, boat halls, pavilions and corridors. With closed layout and circular route, the scenery is rich and multi-level. Being in Changyuan, I feel that "cicadas make the forest quiet and Tonggong Mountain more quiet" and Suzhou gardens are "ancient, beautiful, refined and elegant". Unique artistic techniques decorate and decorate in a limited space, changing scenery and changing endlessly. Therefore, Suzhou gardens have always been called literati gardens.
D20 "Three or five steps, travel all over the world; Six or seven people, the public must be a teacher. " People often use this couplet to describe the superb skills of China's classical operas, and so do literati gardens. If it wants to express the beauty of the world on a small scale, it needs to apply the artistic principle of "taking one as ten". Every scene in the garden, whether it is a rockery pool or a tree stone in a corner of the courtyard, must be refined and tempered, and poetic and picturesque, so as to receive the artistic effect of using less brushwork and strengthening the scenery.