As the old saying goes, "There are talents in the south, generals in the north, and emperors buried in loess in Shaanxi." As the ancient capital of the 13th Dynasty, Chang 'an, with the charm of the Zhou and Qin Dynasties and the clouds of the Han and Tang Dynasties, crossed the historical torrent of the vast soup. Looking at the hinterland of Chang 'an Guanzhong, the magnificent imperial mausoleum has become a special mark of the times. On the gully-criss-crossing Loess Plateau, many imperial tombs are lined up, as if echoing the sound of a prosperous time. The emperor is the product of feudal times, and the 95 Mausoleum, which is over 10,000 people, is also guarded by everyone. The big mound on Yuanshang has stood firm after thousands of years of wind and sand. For example, loyal guards who have never fallen for thousands of years are guarding the mausoleum of Tang Xianling, guarding this land of geomantic omen and guarding the "declining civilization".
Buried in the tomb is Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, the first emperor of the Tang Dynasty. This is a bright pearl in the feudal history of China, which depicts a colorful stroke in the development history of the Chinese nation. After two long wars and divisions, the brief reunification of the Sui Dynasty swept across the starry sky of history like a meteor. Later, due to Yang Di's excessive consumption of national strength, it triggered the civil rebellion and aristocratic rebellion at the end of Sui Dynasty. The Li family, a noble family, is a mutinous army. Seeing the chaos in the world, the demise of the Sui Dynasty was irreversible, and he came up with the idea of replacing it. He rose to the occasion, rebelled against the change of owners and established a king. Since then, the founding history of the Tang Dynasty in 289 has been unveiled.
History is always strikingly similar, and the game of power and interests is chased by many people and crazy about it. The supreme imperial power is like a sword muddied by the blood flowing out of the palace, and the new dynasty is in jeopardy. The king of Qin and the prince competed for the throne. During the change of Xuanwu Gate, Prince Li and King Li Yuanji of Qi died in the mutiny. The winner is the loser, and Li Shimin controls Chang 'an. After diplomatic relations, the scene once reappeared. For the peace of rivers and mountains, for the Tang people, Li Yuan knew the situation well, so he abdicated and became the emperor's father. Li Shimin inherited the throne, that is, Emperor Taizong, and this disgraceful battle for the emperor was fleeting. Only by knowing people and being good at politics, the people of Li Can opened up a new prosperity in the history of the Tang Dynasty and even the feudal history-the rule of Zhenguan, which set an example for later emperors to govern the country and let the world comment on the historical merits and demerits of their fathers.
At sunset in the western hills, Gaozu died, was born in a famous family, became an official and changed dynasties, and served as a soldier all his life. His brilliant life has a final destination in Jingshan Plateau. Since then, there have been rows of large mounds on the Yuan Shang, that is, 67 buried tombs distributed around the cemetery. Locals call it "the mound", just like the stars and the moon, which set off the grave.
According to historical records, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, built the Xianling Mausoleum according to the specifications of the original Mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The mausoleum seat faces south, and the ground is surrounded by a mausoleum. It is in the shape of a bucket, with a height of 2 1 m, an east-west bottom diameter of150m and a north-south diameter of120m. The stone carvings of Xianling Mausoleum are bold and simple, rough and bold, and their shapes are firm and dignified. There is a pair of Shi Hu in each of the inner city's four gates, which is huge and powerful, nearly 2 meters high, with alert eyes, powerful limbs and vivid images. There are a pair of tall stone rhinos at both ends of the imperial road. Outside the south gate stands an 8-meter-high Chinese watch with animals squatting on it and dragons carved on it. The octagonal column is carved with patterns, which makes it look solemn.
Thousands of years have passed, and the prosperous Tang Dynasty is gone. Only the ancient walls and old bricks that can be seen everywhere in Guanzhong Plain are full of historical vicissitudes, and the prosperity outside Chang 'an may be reappeared by the Mausoleum. Among many tombs, Xianling is a great and ordinary one. The great thing is that it buried the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty and was the first mausoleum of the Tang Dynasty. Ordinary is that compared with Zhaoling of Emperor Taizong and Ganling of Emperor Gaozong, it is slightly inferior and its popularity is slightly lower.
Tang Xianling burial area is located in the northeast of the cemetery, with 67 existing paddocks. Except Xiangyi Li Shenfu in Sanyuan County, the rest are in Fuping County, Weinan City. The east-west farmland and roads divide Otsuka into two rows, which are relatively distributed in the north and south. As for the specific identity of Otsuka owner, further research is needed, but the identity must be prominent, or a relative of the royal family, or a hero in the early Tang Dynasty. Fairy spirits have lost their former prosperity, and these tombs are now slightly depressed, dotted with some weeds and thorns, without stone carvings and inscriptions. From the surface alone, there are no traces of excavation for reference, but the underground cultural relics resources are unknown.
2065438+In July 2007, Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology discovered an ancient tomb. The epitaph recorded that the owner of the tomb was Tang Gaozu's great-grandson, Li Daojian, and then a rescue excavation was carried out. The screen painting unearthed may be the earliest Tang Dynasty landscape painting discovered so far. The address of this grave is the small village where I was born and raised. Recalling playing here as a child, I remember that there is a small stone platform about 1 km south of the excavation site, which is similar to the mythical "land father" temple in TV series. The stone platform is hollow, surrounded by vague portraits, and there is a stone with unknown shape at the bottom, which may be eroded by wind and rain or destroyed by people. Now, the stone platform has disappeared.
Perhaps it is children's naivety or ignorance, and they regard tomb sacrifices, otsuka and stone platforms as entertainment places. Once I went to Otsuka to pick Zizyphus jujuba, I picked the withered Zizyphus jujuba for fear of beehives and tree thorns, not to eat, but to make up for myself and show off to my friends. Zeng and his friends used dog tail grass to wait for the "land god" to appear in the early stage of the stone platform. Every time I go to Tomb-Sweeping Day, Xianling attracts many tourists, but they are basically people from the surrounding villages. Tomb-Sweeping Day's grave-sweeping (or tomb-offering, as locals say) is something that children should celebrate. Many photos of my childhood were taken in the ancient tombs of the Tang Dynasty. Before there were smart phones, many photographers in the cemetery took this opportunity to set up stalls to do business. It's just the season when peach blossoms are in full bloom. The cemetery is lush with pine and cypress, and pink is also dotted with some poetry.
Most children who grew up under the grave had the experience of taking photos on the Shi Niu and sitting on the backs of cows. They grew a lot because of this miracle. At the age of eight, Tomb-Sweeping Day stood at the top of the mausoleum, overlooking the vast fields and looking into the distance. She thinks my village is so small and my world is so small. Jumping down from the top of the mausoleum like a rabbit, when running to the middle of the road, it didn't pay attention to the pits and depressions under its feet, and it staggered down from it. It is said that pits and depressions are the marks left by artillery bombardment during the Anti-Japanese War. In order to appease my mood, my father hugged me and put me on the back of a cow. Reluctantly, I leaned over to take pictures. Memories of childhood, accompanied by immaturity of childhood and ignorance of history, make me feel guilty. Now, re-examining the place where I live and visiting the imperial mausoleum, I feel more serious and awe.
The older generation said that this tomb has good geomantic omen, and there must be aura on the land of Long Mai. There have been anecdotes such as feudal superstition fabricated by unofficial history, and the mausoleum is still mysterious. In order to protect the underground tombs, high-speed railway station, once a site for construction, also avoided the Jingshan Plateau. As a child born and raised here, I hope more people will pay attention to it, pay attention to the rise and fall history of a dynasty, pay attention to the cultural and material heritage created by our ancestors, and explore the civilization of the Tang Dynasty. There are still many cultural relics in the underground burial area that are worth studying and discovering by archaeologists. * * * will protect our material civilization. The crew of CCTV documentary "Home Far Away-A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" went to Fairy to collect materials. The voluntary grave keeper, whose ancestors lived at the foot of the fairy, said that he was volunteering to keep the grave and take over the work of his parents. Walking around the mausoleum every day is very fulfilling. This is a kind of inheritance, and it is the inheritance of history.
The article "Casting Ding on Jingshan" wrote: "Emperor Xuanyuan once cast this mountain top". Jingshan Plateau has experienced thousands of years of loess deposition and erosion, and history has been lost in the torrent of the times. The tombs of kings in the dust stand on the wasteland, telling stories and legends of the years. Fuping people's mother river flows under the Jingshan Plateau, and how many glories are performed here, how many spring and autumn seasons are intertwined here, and the years are stirring.