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Wu Qi was a famous strategist in the Warring States Period. Sun Tzu's Art of War written by Woods and Sun Tzu is called Sun Tzu's Art of War by Sun Wu, which is a model of China's ancient military works. He took the lead in carrying out political reforms in Wei, which made Wei rapidly powerful and deterred all directions. However, these reforms violated the interests of some nobles in Wei State and were rejected by them. Wuqi fled to Chu, where he carried out political reform. Chu became powerful and posed a great threat to Wei in the south. It can be said that the reform of Wuqi is a prerequisite for the rise of Wei.
Ershangyang
Shang Yang was the most famous political reformer in the Warring States Period. When Shang Yang was young, he was the prime minister of Wei. Uncle Cuo recommended Shang Yang to Wang Wei. Wang Wei ignored him, so he suggested to Wang Wei: "Since Wang doesn't need Sun Yang, kill him and don't let him leave the country!" Wang Wei still rejected uncle CuO's entrustment. Sure enough, Shang Yang later heard that Qin Xiaogong was recruiting talents, so he went to the State of Qin to meet Qin Xiaogong, and put forward three strategies: emperor's way, king's way and bullying. Filial piety chose hegemony, appointed Shang Yang as prime minister, and carried out the famous Shang Yang reform. Qin became the overlord of the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period, which posed a fatal threat to Wei in the West. Shang Yang directly created a powerful Qin Empire from the fall of Wei! Sun San Bing
Sun Bin is a descendant of Sun Wu, a soldier sage, and one of the most famous military strategists in the Warring States Period. Sun Bin was brutally persecuted by Pang Juan in Wei Dynasty, and was rescued by the envoys of Qi State, and became a military adviser. In 354 BC, Wei Jun besieged Handan, the capital of Zhao, and Sun Bin besieged Wei to save Zhao. Guiling World War I, Wei Jun was defeated, which gave Pang Juan a blow. After more than ten years, Wei invaded South Korea again, and Qi sent troops to help. In the Battle of Maling, Sun Bin lured Wei Jun to go deep, wiped out Wei Jun's main force, captured Wang Wei, and Wei Jun coach Pang Juan committed suicide. Wei never recovered. The loss of Sun Bin had the greatest and most direct influence on Wei, which directly led to the decline of Wei.
Four Fan Ju.
Fan Ju was the most famous strategic thinker in the Warring States Period. In his early years, he joined the family of China doctor JOE as a janitor, but when he followed JOE to Qi, he became famous, but he was also in danger. So he fled to the state of Qin and soon became prime minister. Fan Ju put forward the military diplomatic strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near" to Zhao Haoqi of Qin State. Qin State has been using this very effective strategy, which has successfully weakened the strength of the six eastern countries and laid a solid foundation for Qin State to unify the world. The strategy of "far-reaching friendship and near-attacking" has a far-reaching impact on the use of troops in later generations.
Five musical instruments
Zhang Yi was one of the lobbyists in the Warring States Period and Lian Heng's father. I once studied under Guiguzi, learned the art of vertical and horizontal, and returned to Wei after learning, because my family was poor and there was no way to serve the country. Later, he entered the State of Qin. Because of his eloquence, he was named Guo Xiang by the King of Qin. On the condition of promising land, he defrauded Chu State, successfully disintegrated the Qi-Chu Alliance, and deliberately angered Chu Huaiwang. Chu sent troops to attack the State of Qin, and was defeated by the well-prepared allied forces in Chyi Chin. Unwilling to fail, the king of Chu mobilized troops to attack the state of Qin, and was defeated again. As a result, Qin succeeded in weakening the strength of Qi and Chu, the only two great powers that could compete with it at that time. It was only a matter of time before Qin unified the Central Plains.
Liu Xinling Jun.
Wei Wuji, the prince of Xinling, was the eldest son of the four sons of Warring States.
When the Qin army surrounded Handan, the capital of Zhao, Ping Yuanjun of Zhao turned to Xinlingjun for help. Xin Lingjun, regardless of his personal safety, stole the symbol to save Zhao, killed Wei Jun, and led Wei Jun's main force to repel the powerful Qin Jun. Xin Lingjun stayed in Zhao for ten years, but he dared not return to Wei for fear of being blamed by Wang Wei. After Qin recovered its vitality, it attacked Wei on a large scale. King Wei Anli remembered that when Xinlingjun was in Wei, Qin Jun had been afraid to invade the border, so he urgently ordered Xinlingjun to return home. After Xin returned to China, he was defeated by other vassal States, and then led the five-nation allied forces to attack Qin. The state of Qin closed Hangu Pass and dared not fight. Zhao Haoqi of Qin hated and feared Xinlingjun, and sent someone to Wei Guoxing to alienate him, falsely claiming that Xinlingjun wanted to stand on his own feet as king, and specially sent envoys to congratulate him. Wang Wei believed it and sent someone to replace Wei Wuji as a general. Xin didn't leave home, refused to work for Wei, and died of depression four years later. Eighteen years after Xin's death, Qin Jun poured water into the girder, and Wei perished! Talent is the most important strategic resource in any country at any time. Wei has many talents, but at the same time it is a big country with brain drain, which also explains why Wei has experienced ups and downs. Among these six talents, Shang Yang, Zhang Yi all flowed into the State of Qin, which played a decisive role in the process of Qin's unification of the world. From one side, we can also see Qin's way of employing people! The unification of the Qin Dynasty was worthy of the name.
Looking at it from another angle, isn't it the same for enterprises now? A successful enterprise will always be an enterprise with a large inflow of talents, and a failed enterprise will always be an enterprise with a large outflow of talents. It is not so much a game between enterprises as a competition of talent strategy. The main function of management is to find and use people with potential value. At present, many talents in every enterprise are silently contributing, but they are not discovered in time or recognized enough. If these people stand on the side of competitors, will it have a certain impact on the original company? Of course, the concept of talent mentioned here must be a person with high quality, not a generation that sells for personal selfish desires. Their departure will only provide certain value to the following enterprises, and will not directly harm the interests of the original company!
Why didn't the Warring States Wei unify the Warring States? Hehe, Wei? Was there that country at that time? Even if there is, is his national strength better than Qi Guoqiang?
Wei Guoqiang was still a weak country during the Warring States Period!
Wei was powerful in the early Warring States period for the following reasons:
The three clans are divided into Jin, and Wei is in Jin, located in the Central Plains, with rich products and talented people. Legalist Li Li; Military strategist Wu Qi; Politicians Ximen Bao and Gongsun Zuo; General, Pang Juan and Shou were outstanding figures at that time. Wei Wenhou and Wei Wuhou are famous sages, and they have great ambitions for Wang Ba. They have a universal view of heroes, and they are eager for talents. Wei's strength is also harmonious with others.
Wei's Central Plains was developed earlier, with advanced productivity, large population, fertile land and rich products. Due to the vertical and horizontal road network and convenient transportation, products are gathered all over the world, which makes business prosperous and manufacturing developed. During the Warring States period, Wei was the largest commercial city except the pottery of the Song Dynasty. During the Warring States period, iron was gradually popularized. At that time, all metallurgical centers in the world were in the Han and Wei Dynasties. Wei is famous for its developed weapons manufacturing industry. Wei Jun gradually adopted iron weapons instead of bronze weapons, which is Jia Bing, known as the sharp Wei Jun in history. Guo Wei chose to practice martial arts. They are all heavily armored infantry, equipped with swords, crossbows and crossbows. It can be said that it is well-equipped and armed to the teeth. It can be seen that it is inconceivable to arm individual soldiers with such equipment without the support of powerful metallurgical industry and weapons manufacturing industry. Whoever gets the right place has the risk of mountains and rivers and abundant products. Wei is located in the Central Plains without the danger of mountains and rivers, but it was spared from exile in Kuninosuke because of its fertile soil. Wei's strength can't be said to be in the wrong place. However, due to the dangers of mountains and rivers, Wei is not complete in terms of geographical location. (This will be explained in detail later. )
Wei was the first vassal state in the Warring States period to strengthen the country through political reform. Wei Wenhou used legalists Li Li and Ximen Bao to make laws and establish feudal land ownership. It greatly activated the productive forces, and Wei's social transformation was earlier, so its advantages were very obvious in the early Warring States period. It is the spirit of being the first in the world that laid the foundation for Wei's prosperity. The monarchs of the last six countries absorbed the experience of Wei in reforming the powerful country and reformed themselves one after another. In a sense, Wei took the lead in becoming strong in the early Warring States period, and it is a powerful country that is well-known.
On the military side, Wei carried out military reform earlier. Established a standing army with elite soldiers as the core. Wei Jun has a distinct internal hierarchy and a clear division of labor. And the number is huge. Wei Xiangwang period, Wei pawn (heavy irrigation infantry) two hundred thousand; Strike (light and sharp infantry) 200,000; Cangtou (new recruits with headscarves to be selected) 200,000; 200,000 disciples (soldiers, orderlies, trench). Take 600 cars and ride 5 thousand horses. Military strength can be described as strong. Therefore, Su Qin language: Wei Nai is a powerful country in the world. Wei Jun selected each generation of customized soldiers. Wei Wuzu and Ge Pei wore heavy armor, held swords and held crossbows with 12 load. The negative vector bag carries fifty crossbows, three days' rations, and half a day is feasible for hundreds of miles ("Xunzi on soldiers"). It can be seen that Wei Junbing is highly standardized, with high military literacy and strong combat effectiveness.
In the early Warring States period, Zhao and Han merged with Sanjin forces and expanded outward. Three Jin together, its human and material resources occupy an absolute advantage and the pivot of the world, so it is invincible. Warlords don't want the current line. So that later, Wei Huiwang issued a sigh that "Jin State is the Moqiang of the world". To sum up the above points, in the early years of the Warring States, Wei valued peace, gained compassion by things, resisted the power of political reform, used military power, and even used the power of Sanjin to attack fools with weakness, and ran rampant all over the world. Finally, in the period, Wei ascended the throne of the overlord of the Central Plains.
Wei Zhiqiang's prosperity began in Wei Wenhou and ended in Wei Huiwang, lasting for three generations and more than 70 years. During the period, Wei tried to maintain hegemony, but due to its rapid rise. Wei's hegemony has been repeated several times, especially the strength of Qi poses a direct threat to Wei. The turning point of the rise and fall of Wei was the Battle of Maling in Wei Qi 34 1 years ago. In this campaign, Pang Juan, the general of Wei, was killed in Zhongfu, and 100,000 soldiers in Wei Jun were wiped out. Wang Wei Shen was captured. Later, under the successive blows of Qin Chu, Wei, the arrogant overlord of the place of Chu, declined and never recovered. So that Wei Huiwang was saddened later: the East was defeated and Qi (the Battle of Maling), and the eldest son died; Lost land in the west, seven hundred Li in Qin dynasty (lost land in Hexi); I am ashamed that the south was humiliated by Chu and eight cities fell.
There are several reasons why the powerful state of Wei declined:
1. Since, the rulers of Wei have been jealous of talents, suspicious of their own flesh and blood, headstrong, ungrateful and contemptuous of talents, resulting in the gradual loss of human relations and abandoned ideas.
Wu Qi and Shou are both generals, who have repeatedly made outstanding achievements, but they are suspected by Wei Zhu. One fled to the southern state of Chu and the other to the western state of Qin. Sun Zuo recommended Shang Yang before his death, but Hui Wang disagreed. Sun Bin presented the art of war to Wang Wei and was punished; Fan Ju's trip to Qi did not bring him any benefits. He was framed in prison and almost died in prison. Xin Lingjun, the younger brother of King Wei Anli, was an outstanding aristocratic strategist at the end of the Warring States Period. He is famous for his prestige and virtue. He led the Wei-Chu allied forces to defeat Qin Jun twice in the siege of Handan, which was suspected by Wang Wei. He was killed several times by military strikes.
Wei was founded in the hinterland of the Central Plains, surrounded by powerful enemies. Its potential is like the "grass belly" in Go. In Go, how dare people who are not good at chess do it in their hearts? Those who strive for hegemony on the basis of the Central Plains will strive for others and win harmony with others. Five hundred years later, Cao Cao, who unified the north based on the hinterland of the Central Plains, once said: I am the wisdom of the world, and I can resist it with Tao. This language can be said to be true. Wei Zhongyuan went to the country, outstanding people and talented people, and he can be a big country with talented people. Wuqi, Shou, Shang Yang, Sun Bin, Xin Lingjun are all talented people. Wei despised, doubted, rejected and persecuted them, and made them go to other countries to make contributions, and their flesh and blood died with hatred after being suspected. What Wei Zhi has done is enough to make people of insight in the world feel scared! "If you get a scholar, you will be strong, and if you lose a scholar, you will die." This sentence is consistent with the rise and fall of Wei.
Second, after Wei became powerful, it invaded the world and annexed the Central Plains, but the main strategic direction was unclear, alternating east, west, north and south, and even crossing the border to destroy the country. There is no master plan for blind expansion. At the most prosperous time, Wei's territory was unique among other vassal States, which was very strange. Why do you say that? The situation of Wei can be compared to dumbbell shape or shoulder pole shape. Pick two ends of a pole, and both ends are heavier than the middle. The western part of Wei is the land of Hexi in the southwest of Shanxi, the eastern part is the hinterland of the Central Plains centered on girders, and the northern part is the land of Hanoi headed by Ye. There is also Zhongshan, an enclave separated by Zhao. However, it started from the Central Plains in the east and reached Hexi in the west, and was blocked by South Korea. It was only connected by the rugged and narrow strategic corridor of Shangdang. After moving the capital to the girder, it succeeded in attaching importance to the east and neglecting the west. Once there was police in Hexi, Wei dispatched troops from the Central Plains to help Hexi through Shangdang Mountain. The road was rugged, long and slow, and it was difficult to deal with emergencies. Especially after Qin became powerful, he was determined to win the land in Hexi. The army in Hexi could not resist the division of Qin, and the Central Plains was the foundation of Wei and the land of four wars. Many of Wei's elite soldiers are pinned down by other countries and it is difficult to help them. Even if Wei Jun goes thousands of miles away to help, and Qin Jun takes advantage of it, Wei Jun may not be able to gain the upper hand from a distance sooner or later. So is this anti-customer approach. After Wei Huiwang cut the land 700 miles west of the river to the State of Qin, it was not his lack of intelligence, but his inability.
Let's look at the Zhongshan area of Wei, which is isolated from Wei's homeland. Originally belonging to Zhongshan Mountain, it was destroyed by Wei Jiang Yang Le in the first 406 years. Wei is stationed here to defend his country. This place is bordered by Zhao in the south and Yan in the north, isolated from the outside world. If you contact Wei, you will be against Zhao. Land traffic is controlled by people, and once it changes, it is difficult to control. (Press: Zhongshan killed Wei Shoujiang to restore the country after taking advantage of the defeat of Wei Maling.) It can be seen that Wei is divided into three parts. Without a complete piece of land, the east, the west, the north and the south cannot be taken care of. As Zhang Yi said, the road to fragmentation is also!
The geographical trend of Wei caused this unfavorable situation, which was mainly due to blind expansion, lack of planning and greed for land. When Wei was strong, it was when the six countries were not strong, and Wei was at the right time. After Wei captured the land on the west side of the Qin River, a situation of flanking and high-rise buildings was formed in Qin State. It is not impossible to appease all countries, assess the situation, advance westward and destroy Qin in one fell swoop if the internal politics of Qin is not repaired and the country is poor and weak. Even if you can't destroy Qin, you can seize the Jingwei River Plain and monopolize Qinchuan. After that, Wei can create an advantage for South Korea to be attacked on all sides. Han and Wei are different from Zhao and Wei. Zhao and Wei support each other and are as close as lips and teeth. South Korea, for Wei, was a disaster that split Wei in two, making Wei unable to take care of the aftermath. Neither Wei nor Han will last long. In the long run, Han is immortal and Wei is not strong, but its trend is also logical. If Wei can destroy Qin and Korea, its territory will be integrated with the east and the west. Hold the mountains and rivers, control the world's hubs, make full use of geographical advantages, and conquer the princes in the east, so that there will be no worries about taking care of the west, and Wei can succeed. Wei couldn't figure it out, because it was to mourn.
Third, after the separation of powers in Shanxi and Shanxi Provinces, Wei ignored diplomatic tactics and became arrogant in the Central Plains, making too many enemies. Wei is self-sustaining and powerful, attacking Zhao, cutting Korea, defending Qin, forcing Qi and Chu. Although Wei was in power for a period of time, there was no danger of geographical position as a barrier, and he was attacked on all sides, and he could never get rid of the unfavorable situation of infighting. In order to maintain his hegemony, Wei wanted to beat the world with two fists. Wei is a land of four wars and a country of four wars. How can it last? Especially when Chyi Chin and China rose one after another, Wei was caught between the East and the West. Wei and Qi were at odds, attacking the east, Wei and Qin were at odds, and Qin attacked the west. Wei struggled with the top two with the strength of one country. Wei Jun failed to escape, so he lost another one. He united the West, the East and the West. After several rounds, Wei was at a loss and was defeated. This is somewhat similar to Germany in World War II.
Fourth, the ambition of a country's ruling group is often directly proportional to the growth of the country's strength. Only when you have the strength to annex the world can you have the ambition to annex the world. Although Wei was strong in the early Warring States, it did not seem to have the strength to integrate the world. Wei is located in the land of the four wars in the Central Plains. No matter which direction it expands, it will face strong resistance. If not, it will make itself a target of public criticism and promote the trend of integration of all countries. Wei is a typical infighting situation. Wei is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, and there is no danger to lean on. The geographical trend is very unfavorable. So, how can we get rid of this unfavorable situation? To get rid of the infighting situation, Wei must assess the situation and correctly determine his main strategic direction. From the future history, and China will not pose too much threat to Wei. There is no advantage in Wei North and South, but there are problems in things. Chyi Chin's power led to the East-West attack on Wei. Wei's main rivals should be Qin and Qi, and the main strategic issue should be whether to fight the eastern front (attack Qi) or the western front (attack Qin).
After determining the main strategic direction and objectives, we should also pay attention to the following three issues:
First, while attacking the main opponent, appease the secondary opponent in the secondary strategic direction and make concessions when necessary. So that they can get enough strategic maneuver time and avoid falling into two-front operations. Two, in the fight against the main opponent at the same time, should maintain a certain number of troops closely monitor the secondary opponents, and formulate a sound emergency plan. Don't rely on others not to attack me, rely on me not to attack me. Third, the territory gained by military expansion must have sufficient strength and determination to hold it. In fact, in the fierce competition, it is often "easy to expand the soil, but difficult to defend it."
Before Shang Yang's political reform in the first 408 years, Wei's main strategic direction should be to attack and weaken Qin and South Korea to solve the worries of looking west. After Shang Yang's political reform, the State of Qin became powerful, controlling the danger of mountains and rivers, and it was hard to ask for anything. Objectively, Wei has lost the best opportunity to destroy Qin. After the first 408 years, Wei's main strategic direction should be the eastward expedition, with the focus on Qi. After the demise of Qi, Wei Kexi and Qin competed for the world to get rid of the unfavorable situation of infighting. It can be seen that in a country facing interior-line operations without strategic depth and insufficient war endurance, if the rulers cannot fully and reasonably use their own strength and strategy, they will not be able to control the destiny of the country in the fierce competition.
4. In the early years of the Warring States Period, Wei Jun had become a proud soldier of the Central Plains who had no rivals for more than 50 years. The Wei rulers and generals who led the troops were short-sighted, arrogant and domineering, and ignored the specific campaign guidance. They only knew mantis catching cicadas and didn't know that yellowbird was behind. Wei was in the land of the Fourth World War, and there was no danger to be punctual. He poured out his elite soldiers to attack Korea and Zhao, and the imaginary expedition violated the taboo of the military commander, so that Sun Bin attacked Wei, led the soldiers to rush over the beam and attacked what he wanted to save. Successfully mobilized the enemy, besieged Wei to save Zhao, and defeated Wei Jun in Guiling; Withdraw troops and ambush, and behead Pang Juan in Maling. As a result, Wei lost his teacher and humiliated his country, and his hegemony declined.
In fact, Wei Qi's strength is stronger than Wei's, and Wei has handled it properly, so there is no need to be defeated by Qi. If Wei estimates that the situation is more complicated, he will keep some elite soldiers as strategic reserves at home when attacking Zhao Guo and cutting Korea. When the Qi army comes to attack, it will seal the city and defend our Qi army. The Qi army came from afar with the intention of sneak attack to save Zhao, but did not mean to attack the enemy. The girder is not in danger for the time being. The main force of Wei Junyuan can be divided into two ways, all the way along the girder to gradually rescue and lure the Qi army (there are three advantages: first, Wei Shoujun is less, while Qi Jun is more, which can be used as foreign aid for defending the army and strengthening the heart; Second, it can avoid the ambush of the Qi army in rapid assistance; Third, we can induce the Qi army to stay in Wei territory and gain time for cutting off the retreat of the Qi army. ) quickly all the way into the qi army, cut off its retreat and block its route for providing foodstuff. It's hard for the Qi army to come from afar. When it hears that the return route will be cut off, it will lead the army to retreat. If the Qi army retreats, Wei Jun can win by blocking the front and catching up three times. Wei Jun's main Pang Juan is arrogant, underestimating the enemy, and his campaign guidance is dull. He only knows how to find the main force of the Qi army and fight hard. Wei Jun will blindly pursue the arrogant soldiers until he gets into the ambush circle in Sun Bin. How can he be unbeaten?
To sum up, in the middle and late Warring States period, Wei lost the popularity of the people, lost the opportunity, had no geographical location, paid little attention to diplomacy, and was simple and mechanical in specific campaign command. The original hegemonic advantage no longer exists. For Wei rulers, the glory of the past has become a dream of the Central Plains, leaving only helpless memories. It is inevitable that the hegemony of Wei will be replaced by other countries.
Where was Wei in the Warring States Period? Wei's territory is very loose. Today, there is the south of Hancheng County along the Yellow River in Shaanxi Province. There is Huayin County to the south of Weihe River. In today's Shanxi province, there are people from the southwest, extending to the southeast. In today's Henan Province, there are people in the north and some along the river south of the Yellow River. In today's Hebei Province, there are today's Daming and Guangping. And now guanxian, Shandong. Its main areas are Hedong in the southwest of Shanxi Province and Hanoi in the north of Henan Province, with Shangdang in the southeast of Shanxi Province as the traffic tunnel. According to Yang Kuan's Warring States Policy, the capital was originally in Anyi (now Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province). [1] In 430 BC, Wei Wenhou moved its capital from Anyi to Huanshui (now Weixian County, Hebei Province) in order to reform and dominate the country. [1] In 36 BC1year, Wei Huiwang moved the capital from Wei County to Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province). In the sixth year, he moved to Daliang (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), also known as Liang. It spread to the King's Day and was destroyed by Qin in the 22nd year of Qin Shihuang (225 BC).
What arms did Wei develop best during the Warring States Period? Special forces, nonsense and Wei are generally good. Fighting is mainly about the configuration of troops and the skills of military commanders. Of course, if others have too many horses, they will lose. Generally speaking, if the configuration is good, it is not a problem to win with fewer troops and more horses.
How did Wei, the first overlord of the Warring States, decline? The overlord of the Warring States period is not just Wei.
With the efforts of Wuhou, Qin was attacked in the west, Qi in the east and Chu in the south, stretching for thousands of miles. In addition, Wei, a powerful country, maintained active diplomacy and adopted a method of beating and pulling against Zhao and South Korea, making them their allies, and they were not too strong to control themselves. Especially in the period, Wei has ruled for nearly a hundred years. All the ministers and nations heard Wei's color change.
If history goes on according to this trend, there will be no Qin state to rule the country. However, Wei soon let people down.
In 354 BC, Wei experienced the defeat of Guiling. After that, in the face of the siege of other countries, it can still hold the position of overlord. We can boil it down to the strength of Wei, and the defeat of Guilin did not bring much influence to Wei.
However, in 343 BC, the battle of Maling cost Wei 200,000 elites. If history can give Wei some time and peace, maybe after ten or twenty years, Wei can dominate again. Wei has no chance, because Qin has risen and suppressed Wei until it perished. In the subsequent Qin-Wei war, Wei always took the road of war-defeat-losing land or cutting land. This is how Wei became a second-rate country. When Wei Huiwang died, he felt that he had humiliated his ancestors.
The decline of Wei really makes people feel sorry, and there are some thought-provoking parts behind the regret. Why did the powerful state of Wei decline?
First of all, the deviation of the two national policies, especially the massive brain drain. With the rise of Wei, Li Ke, Wu Qi, Yang Le, Ximen Bao, Xia Zi, Cheng Wei, Duan Ganmu and many other officials joined forces with military commanders and soon became brilliant. The decline of Wei stems from the loss of many outstanding figures such as Wu Qi, Shou, Shang Yang, Sun Bin, Zhang Yi and so on. These lost or idle talents exert their great abilities in other countries, causing different degrees of harm to Wei. As the saying goes, "What is gained here is lost here."
Second, the strategic objectives are unclear. Wei's territory was obtained through activities such as dividing Jin and destroying the country. The connection between the Xihe area in the west and the Central Plains is compressed by South Korea and can only be connected through Shangdang Mountain. Once there is a change in the west, the troops in the east can't rescue quickly, so they can only watch the land being annexed. But the eastern territory is another Ma Pingchuan, and it is very vulnerable to attack. If the western regions fall, Wei can only wait for extinction. This is also the reason why Wei is not strong after Qin is strong. The third territory of Wei is Zhongshan. The land of Zhongshan was paved with troops at a great cost, but this land cannot be directly connected with Wei's base camp. When Wei declined, Sun Yat-sen restored China.
When Wei was strong, its territory was very broad and stable. When Wei declined, these three places were time bombs, which made Wei exhausted. Sun Wu once said: "Therefore, if you are prepared, you will be widowed, if you are prepared, you will be widowed, and if you are prepared, you will be widowed." Fan Ju, an outstanding talent lost from Wei, learned this lesson, and when he visited the King of Qin, he put forward a strategic idea of making friends and attacking near. Qin Qiangsheng, Wei suffered. It seems that there is no lofty and clear strategic goal. Even if you are strong and beautiful, you are still sitting on a volcano to erupt.
Third, diplomatic mistakes. At the beginning of the division of the three clans into Jin Dynasty, the interests of the three clans were the same. As a result, a short-lived grand alliance emerged among the three countries. During this honeymoon period, Wei benefited the most from the three countries. In the case of uneven distribution of interests among countries, the dissolution of the three countries is inevitable. Wei adopted the policy of being beaten. Relations between these three countries have deteriorated to freezing point. In the subsequent wars, Wei was often attacked or restricted by two other countries. Wei's second strategic circle is Qin, Qi and Chu. When Wei was strong, we fought Qin and Qi, and everything was successful according to Chu. Wei looks beautiful, but when Wei declined, it was hit by these three countries. In particular, things between Qin and Qi were attacked, which made Wei miserable. Let's take a look at the state of Qin again. Its attack on the small inland countries of Sanjin was allied with Chu Yan's diplomatic bluff, but it did not rule out a blow.
Fourth, the decline of Wei's ruling ability. In the early days of Wei, the monarch of Wei was more enlightened and avant-garde. They attract talents and change society, especially when they are in power. In the later period, Wei abandoned the excellent experience of his ancestors and suffered from psychological syndrome of lack. When Qin arrived at the gate of Wei, the monarch of Wei adopted a negative policy. In their eyes, the rest is how to simply get away from the strong enemy. So I can only see the history of Wei Fentian. We can see Zhao's performance. When the capital of Zhao is in a state of emergency, appease the subjects at home and actively prepare for the war; We will implement an active foreign policy and try our best to win other forces to join us. After a series of efforts, Zhao has won survival opportunities again and again.
When you are weak or lacking, moderate pressure and attention are ok. If we only look at that little thing in the field of vision, we will be easily crushed. Because the solution to the problem is often to look out of sight.
In a word, the rise of Wei seized the opportunity of the times, but lost its geographical position and humanistic harmony. The rapid decline of Wei power is inevitable. In the sound of regret, we can only get some enlightenment from it in order to develop better.
Where is Wei in the Warring States now? Wei was a vassal state in the Warring States Period and belonged to one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period. Its territory includes the present southern Shanxi, northern Henan and parts of Shaanxi and Hebei.
Qin, Chu, Zhao, Yan and Wei, why is Korea called Xi in the Warring States Period? It should be qi.
The separation of Zhao, Wei and Han indicates the weakness of the Zhou Emperor and the arrival of the Warring States Period. The so-called Warring States is the era of the annexation of vassal States. Wars often occurred between vassal States in the Spring and Autumn Period, but the characteristics were that most of them tasted it, and weak vassal States generally did not fight against powerful vassal States. If there is a friction war, the powerful vassal state will only teach my younger brother a lesson to obey and pay a symbolic tribute.
However, by the Warring States period, Zhou's authority had disappeared because of the example of the three-point Jin Dynasty, and the small struggle and friction between the princes gradually evolved into a war of national subjugation and annexation, because the powerful princes completely ignored Zhou's existence, unlike the ethics they said before, the so-called ceremony collapsed and the music was broken.
In the early Warring States, there were more than 70 vassal states ruled by the Zhou Emperor. In the middle period, the seven countries of Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei gradually became stronger through thorough or incomplete reforms, so various wars of national subjugation and annexation continued to unfold. In the middle period, the Central Plains has shrunk from more than 70 vassal states to 17 countries, among which Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei are the most powerful. Therefore, the above seven countries are called the Seven Heroes of the Warring States. In addition to the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period, there are also the so-called Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period.
What were the important cities in Wei during the Warring States Period?
Anyi (Old Capital of Wei State)
(It was Gao's fief, Gao Wei's ancestor)
Wei County (the old capital of Wei State, Biwan fief)
Daliang (capital of Wei State)
Hexi
Shao Liang
Yecheng
Luo Yin
Heyang
That's all, (* _ *) hee hee. ...