Ding Dong Mausoleum is the mausoleum of two Empresses of Xianfeng Emperor, Ci 'an (Empress Dowager Cixi) and Cixi (Empress Dowager Cixi). Because it is located in the east of Emperor Dingling of Xianfeng, it is called "Ding Dong Mausoleum", and because Ci 'an in the west is located in Puxiang Valley and Cixi in the east is located in Putuo Valley, Ci 'an Mausoleum is called Dingdong Mausoleum of Puxiang Valley and Cixi Mausoleum is called Dingdong Mausoleum of Putuo Valley. The two tombs are connected together, and the building regulations are exactly the same. Lingnan is the tombstone pavilion, followed by the stone arch bridge and Shiping Bridge, the east-west Fangchao, the east-west value room, the Long 'en Gate, the silk burning stove, the east-west affiliated hall, the Long 'en Hall, the Sanmen, the fifteenth palace, the Fangcheng Minglou, the Baocheng Baoding and the underground palace. Cian and Cixi built tombs at the same time, which took eight years before and after. However, the extravagant Cixi was not satisfied and ordered the demolition and reconstruction in the 21st year of Guangxu. It was the second year of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, when the whole country was in disaster, the people were in poverty and financial difficulties, which showed Cixi's arrogance and extravagance. The whole project lasted for fourteen years until the death of Cixi.
Feng Dan bowed his head to attract dragons.
After reconstruction, the three halls of Cixi Mausoleum are not as good as the palaces of the twenty-four emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties because of their exquisite craftsmanship and huge consumption of gold. According to records, 4,592 gold leaves were used for gilding in the three halls alone. The temple was ablaze with gold, burning and shining. The outer wall is ground to the top, and the whole inner wall is stuck with golden carved bricks; The house beams are painted with gold seal paintings, the temple columns are carved with semi-three-dimensional gold-plated copper panlong, and the dragons need to add springs skillfully. With the help of airflow, the dragon must vibrate by itself.
The most striking thing is the white marble fence around Long 'en Hall, which has a unique style. On the top stone terrace in the middle of the Long 'en Hall, the pattern of "Phoenix attracting dragon" was carved by means of high relief and through carving, which is different from the design in which the emperor and other colored dragons and phoenixes in Hou Ling Mausoleum are all embossed and dragons and phoenixes stand side by side. At first glance, I saw a phoenix flying in the sky, spreading its wings in the air and bowing through the clouds; A dragon bent out of the water, held its head high and looked up at Feng Dan. Dragon and phoenix play with fire beads, and the shape is very vivid. Phoenix mouth, phoenix head, phoenix foot, dragon claw, dragon tail and dragon beard are all hollowed out, which makes this exquisite dragon and phoenix form more vivid. This stone carving is 3. 18m long and 1.60m wide. It is decorated with lotus winding branches, with the word "Tuanshou" in the center of the top, and bats, pomegranates, bergamot and peaches on both sides form a group of auspicious patterns with long life and prolificacy. On the platform steps of Wu Chu, there are ten drums-hugging stones, and there are a group of phoenixes on both sides of each stone. The carving group phoenix is slim and graceful, with wings like Zhang, like a coquettish woman standing on one foot. The dragon carved below, looking up, really looks like a young puppet emperor. On the upper part of the white marble railing around the main hall, the patterns of the phoenix in front and the dragon in the back are carved.
This arrangement of the phoenix above the dragon below is a psychological reflection of Cixi's desire to put her power above the emperor forever, and it is also a symbol of the supremacy of Cixi's power.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/923, the Qianlong Mausoleum and the Cixi Mausoleum were looted by the warlord Sun Dianying and his gang at the same time, leaving no bones.
Now, after renovation, Cixi Mausoleum, Ci 'an Mausoleum and Ganlong Mausoleum have been turned into tourist attractions, and their grandeur is still the highest among emperors' mausoleums.
Precious treasure
Cixi was overbearing before her death. During the reign of Tongzhi and Guangxu, she actually controlled the state affairs for 48 years. After her death, almost all the looted treasures were buried in the coffin with her body. Emerald watermelon and Chinese cabbage circulating in the world are just some of them. According to the notes of eunuch Li at that time, before the body of Cixi entered the coffin, a gold-inlaid brocade mattress was laid at the bottom of the coffin, which was about seven inches thick. Wearing a gold beaded silk embroidered dress with an embroidered beaded coat and nine beaded beads wrapped around it; Wearing a pearl crown on his head, there are four or two pearls as big as an egg on the crown, which is estimated to be worth 12 million silver. Put a green lotus leaf weighing 2225 yuan and 40 cents in front of your head. The leaves are all green, and Ye Jin grows naturally. Put a tourmaline lotus with a weight of 36.28 yuan at your feet. There are two jadeite watermelons, four jadeite melons, two jadeite cabbages, and more than 200 treasures such as peaches, plums, apricots and dates. According to Li's grandnephew Li Yingzhou's father's Notes on Aiyuexuan, these two watermelons are green and red with black silk; Two melons with white skin and yellow skin, two with green skin and yellow skin; All four melons are excellent. Chinese cabbage is all green leaves, with a grasshopper in the middle and two yellow wasps beside the leaves. Ten emerald peaches are blue and pink tips, one hundred topaz plums, one hundred topaz apricots and forty ruby dates. Beside Cixi, there are twenty-seven Buddha statues of gold, jade, jade and ruby. On the left side of the corpse, there is a natural gray "sludge" three-section jade lotus root, green lotus leaf, pink lotus flower, and a black water chestnut, which is said to be rarer than jade watermelon. There is a coral tree on the right side of Cixi's body, and a cherry with green leaves and red fruits is wrapped around the red coral tree. A kingfisher landed on a tree, which is a natural treasure. After the treasure was placed, four liters of pearls and precious stones were dumped to fill the gap in the coffin. When it is full, it is covered with a pearl net, covering 6000 semi-heavy pearls. Just as the child was about to be covered, big princess came, uncovered the net bead quilt, and put in the Eight Horses and Eighteen Arhats. These eight good horses are all made of jade, each less than two inches, and their coat color is different; Each of the eighteen arhats is less than two inches high and made of white jade. Lohan's white feet, wearing yellow shoes and red clothes and holding a red lotus flower are also natural growth. These are rare treasures.
The theft of Dongling shocked the world.
With the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, the Guards of Dongling has become a nominal organization. Not only do grave robbers happen from time to time, but even Peng Yu, the minister in charge of guarding the mausoleum, colluded with "the doctor of the interior office" and others to sell a large number of gold and silver vessels to himself, and local residents began to tear down the purlins of the mausoleum for their own use. At that time, Sun Dianying, commander of the 24th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, was stationed at Mashen Bridge in Jixian County. It is only separated from the Qing Dongling by a mountain. Sun Dianying had already heard about the hidden treasure of Cixi, and her mouth was watering at this time. It happened that among the bandits recruited by warlords near Dongling, there was a habitual bandit named Ma Futian. When their team moved to Luanxian, the horse bandits found that Dongling was unguarded, so they shot and killed the correspondent of Minister Feng with several gangsters, claiming to be teachers, and dragged the team to Malanyu near Dongling, plotting to rob the tomb and get the treasure. Sun Dianying heard it was a godsend. So he sent a regiment to Malanyu and defeated the horse bandits. Then, Sun Dianying drove the troops to the Qing Dongling. In order to hide people's eyes and ears, he sent people to post notices everywhere, claiming that the troops were going to engage in military exercises, so they set up posts and set up checkpoints everywhere, and it was forbidden to pass. Secretly, they act at night, organize engineers and use explosives. Within seven days, they blasted the entrance to the underground palace of Qianlong Imperial Mausoleum and the Ding Dong Mausoleum of Cixi, and started a shocking grave-robbing activity.
Gangsters in Sun Dianying used pickaxes and shovels to dig holes in the ancient cave doors, demolish the King Kong wall, get into the pyramid-shaped mound, break down two white marble doors and break into the golden coupons. In the middle of the golden ticket is a stone platform called Baochuang, on which Cixi's coffin is parked. On both sides are two small stone thrones, called album thrones, with precious stones and fragrant books on them, which are stored in square wooden boxes. The gangster broke open the small wooden box and was disappointed to see that there were only wooden seals and wooden fences inside. The backhand split the golden coffin again, only to find that there was an inner coffin filled with red paint. Afraid of damaging the treasures in the coffin, they carefully pried open the coffin mouth and uncovered the "sub-lid", but when they saw the radiant light and dazzling jewels, Cixi's body was lying inside, like a living person, which scared the gangsters to exclaim. Sun Dianying once recalled: "Lafayette is like falling asleep. When he only sees the wind, his face turns black and his clothes don't listen." He also talked about why the body of Cixi remained intact 20 years after her death: "Because she had a big pearl in her mouth. This bead splits in two, and when it is closed, it gives off green cold light, and its hair can be seen within a hundred steps at night. " This is a pearl described by Puyi in My First Half Life, which was later nailed to Song Meiling's slippers. In order to get all the treasures of Cixi, the gangsters left Cixi's body outside the coffin. After all the jewels in the coffin were found, they moved the coffin and overturned it. They collected another treasure in the well under the coffin. This "well" is a feng shui "cave". Cixi personally visited the "cave" before her death and put her most precious 18 pearl bracelets in the "well" to show her heart. The gangsters stripped Cixi of her robes and underwear and untied the beads on her body. Pry cixi's teeth with a knife and take out the night pearl from her mouth.
After Dongling was stolen, Puyi, who was living in Tianjin at that time, was heartbroken. He sent a telegram to the military and political authorities in Beiping, demanding that the thieves be severely punished, and at the same time sent a legacy minister to Dongling to rebury Cixi. When the ministers entered the underground palace, what they saw was that coffins and rags were littered everywhere, smelling damp and moldy. Cixi's body was thrown on the broken coffin cover in the northwest corner, covered with thin boards. When I opened the board, I saw Cixi's body lying face down, and her right hand was twisted on her back. There is a red rope tied to the black hair root, and the hair is messy but not messy; The coat was torn, and the half-exposed upper body was covered with white hair; * * * fully dressed, half of socks have been taken off, and embroidered shoes with beads are thrown on the ground. Nevertheless, the body of Cixi is supreme in the eyes of these ministers. They respectfully moved the coffin, turned the body of Cixi upside down, and several Manchu women who helped the poor dressed her again with Huang Jinlong satin quilts. I saw Cixi's face with high cheekbones, her eyes trapped in two black holes, and her lips were broken by gangsters with pearls.
The case of stealing treasures from Dongling, Sun Dianying shocked China and foreign countries, and was severely condemned by all walks of life. In order to escape the French Open, Sun Dianying specially invited Dai Li to mediate, presented jade watermelons and night pearls, and presented many jewels to Chiang Kai-shek and some party and government officials. As a result, not only Sun Dianying was granted asylum, but Tan Wenjiang, the scapegoat of the arrested teacher, was also released on bail.
Sun Dianying was captured by the People's Liberation Army in 1947, and finally died in a prison in Taihang Mountain area.