Speakers at 9: 30am to 3: 30pm on 24th included Ge, Dean of Literature and History Research Institute of Fudan University, Zhao Guangchao, Director of Art and Design Culture Project of Sanlian Bookstore, Yuan Xingpei, Dean of Academia Sinica of China, Wen Jinhai, Director of Film and Television Media Department of China Beijing Normal University, Chairman of Hong Kong International Classic Culture Association, and Professor of East Asia Department of Harvard University.
Three ways to rebuild tradition
Ge integrated the characteristics of ancient traditional culture and thought that China traditional culture was not only represented by Confucianism, but also complicated and diverse. From Ge's research, there are five main points in China's unique traditional culture: first, the concept of the world, that is, the cognition of the world formed since ancient times, is a tributary system with self as the suzerain country, and China is considered to be the largest in the central government; Second, a set of ethical concepts developed with the family as the core. The order of the country is also derived from the order of the family, and individuals have a strong sense of responsibility for the family, society and the country; The third is the integration of the three religions (Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism). Ge said that in China, there is little competition between religious power and politics, and there is no unique absolute concept of a certain religion. Therefore, in China, most religions are blended, differentiated and coordinated, and there are few religious wars; Fourthly, the concept of Yin-Yang and Five Elements and a set of knowledge developed by it, such as Feng Shui, politics, Chinese medicine and so on. , which contains a lot of life intelligence; Fifth, China people have been living in Chinese characters. Besides Naxi people, China people still use hieroglyphics, thus forming many ways of thinking and dealing with problems.
Ge Zhaoguang believes that to rebuild the tradition, we must get official support and form a system; The other is common sense, which is spread through education; Finally, customs have left a deep impression on the general public, such as advocating some rituals and traditional solar terms. However, he also expressed his opposition to some sacrificial activities in the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor and the Mausoleum of Yan Di, believing that this was only an external form.
Understanding the international crisis with the concept of harmony
Yuan Xingpei quoted many ancient classics to analyze the concept of "harmony" and the difference between "harmony" and "sameness" in China culture. Yuan Xingpei first quoted Confucius' words: gentlemen are harmonious but different, villains are the same but not harmonious, and then explained by the contents of Zuo Zhuan. Harmony is like making soup with different materials such as water, fire and firewood, and the taste should be moderate; It is also a repetition of the same point of view. In Laozi's works, there are also the concepts of everything and these and interdependence. Yuan Xingpei believes that harmony is an important resource of China culture. Today, it is also a harmonious concept to advocate the adjustment and adaptation between man and nature, between man and man, and between individuals themselves.
He also pointed out that by neutralizing everything in the world, reconciling inner joys and sorrows, harmony between individuals and society can be achieved, thus reducing the opposition between man and nature, and an interdependent and interactive social structure can be realized. Yuan Xingpei concluded that modern society seeks harmony in change, while Chinese civilization has the spirit of self-innovation. 2 1 century, mankind is facing the threat of environmental pollution, ecological imbalance, terrorist attacks, belief crisis and mental illness. In my opinion, the positive significance of pursuing harmony but not diversity in China culture can play an important role.
Comprehend classics with life
Yu Dan, who has a good understanding of China classics such as The Analects of Confucius and Zhuangzi, believes that the discussion of China's cultural modernity should not be based only on the academic system, but should understand the value of the classics to 2 1 century with the understanding of life at present. She believes that cultural diversity should include people's attitudes, not totalitarianism, but diversity. According to her research, Confucianism has been misunderstood since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty only respected Confucianism. However, the cultural mentality in the 20th century, such as dividing writers and poets into Confucianism and Taoism, and dividing the styles of works into reality and romance, strengthened conflicts and differences, but made culture not dynamic and continuous, which affected social values.
She found that at the beginning of the 20th century, traditional culture was regarded as an obstacle to the development of science and modernization in China, as opposed to western culture, and was totally denied during the Cultural Revolution. However, in the past twenty years, this seems to be overkill. Confucianism has become a kind of religious and spiritual salvation, and even thinks that it can solve all troubles such as marriage, career and life. This utilitarian attitude will also lead to misunderstanding of traditional culture.
Yu Dan proposed to understand the deep meaning of personality in traditional culture, such as the relationship between the mind and politics of ancient literati, and the life they experienced, such as Wang Wei and Su Shi. They became politicians at the right time, made breakthroughs in poetry when they were frustrated, and later made deeper explorations in religion and philosophy. Yu Dan believes that it is not enough to appreciate the works and lives of these literati, but also to return to the original works to experience their lives. She regrets that people nowadays lack integration and passion for life, and hopes that people can get through the past and the present and activate traditional culture to make it a healthy, expanded and sustainable life.
She also believes that to understand traditional culture, we should start from the heart and understand the meaning of classics. Classics can accompany us all our lives, read at different ages and have different feelings. It's a pity that people nowadays are surrounded by materials, and their hearts are closer to science and technology. They lack the experience of going into nature in person, but they always feel that classics are too difficult. In fact, the classic content is too simple, as long as you have the heart, you will get something. Zhuangzi said that there is great beauty in heaven and earth, but he didn't say it. The speaker was not wise, and the wise man didn't say it. It can be seen that using emotions is more powerful.