In August of the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (1901), in view of the increasingly serious internal and external troubles, the Qing government ordered the abolition of the imperial examinations and the establishment of schools, making the establishment of schools and educating talents a top priority. In 1902, gentlemen such as Ding Renchang, Wu Daorong, and Wang Zhaoquan, who were both members of the Imperial Academy, planned to build a new school with "a middle school for physical education and Western learning" and to recruit students from all counties in Guangfu. The funding for running the school is mainly based on the annual donation of 9,600 taels of silver from the Huiji Free Warehouse under the jurisdiction of Minglun Hall of Guangfu Academy, supplemented by collective donations from gentry and civilian societies such as Minglun Hall or Registration and Finance Bureaus in each county. Donations are linked to the number of students. In this way, *** raised 19,297 taels of start-up expenses. In 1902, the Jiao Zhong Academy, a middle school institution, was founded in the Xiaodi Temple of Guangfu Academy (today’s Guangzhou No. 13 Middle School). The Minglun Hall to the south of Hanmo Pond (today’s Liantang) can also be used as a lecture hall at any time. It is very close to Yanggao Temple, the former site of Wanmu Thatched Cottage founded by Kang Youwei and which is still highly praised today. (Wanmu Thatched Cottage moved here from Weibian Street in the winter of 1893 and ceased operations in 1898. It was located around the reception station of East China Normal University on Wende Road today.) In February of the 28th year of Guangxu's reign, "Jiao Zhong" visited Gongyuan (now the Provincial Museum) ), when the officials and gentry gathered together, Governor Tao Mo, Governor De Shou, Xuezheng (later renamed as Ti Xuezhi) Wenzhi and others "recruited together" to show their importance, and Xuezheng personally decided on A and B to show fairness. There were 54 people selected in the first round of the exam, "all of them were chosen at the moment", and Zhu Zhixin (Da Fu) was on the list. The semester starts in July, and together with other places, there are about a hundred students. Ding Renchang was the supervisor (equivalent to the principal), and the governor, governor, etc. reported to the court to file a case. This is one of the earliest schools established in Guangdong. ?
In the 32nd year of Guangxu (1906), the craze for establishing schools in Guangdong was increasing day by day, but there was a shortage of teachers. With the approval of the academic administration, it was reorganized into a junior normal school, called Jiao Zhong Normal School. The Xiaodi Temple was used as the school office, and a lecture hall and dormitory were built on the vacant land of Hanpu. There are four types of places: the first is the general place, which recruits 60 students with annual donations from Huiji Yicang. Tuition is free and scholars from all over the province can apply. The second is public quota. Every 100 taels of silver donated by each county Minglun Hall, registration and financial bureau, etc. can occupy two school places in the county, and tuition is exempted, and so on. The third is the amount of charity. Any gentleman who donates more than 500 taels of silver will be given a permanent school place and free admission. The fourth is the supplementary quota. Because the quota is full and the students are not admitted, they can pay 24 taels per year to be an "attached student" student. At that time, the trend was just beginning, and many counties did not have schools, so they were all willing to donate. ?
The courses include classics, history, foreign languages, arithmetic, physics and chemistry, gymnastics and other subjects. Teaching equipment is purchased from Japan, and books are donated and purchased. Ding Ren was highly praised for his ability to "do everything personally, to encourage the underachievers, to treat students as disciples, and to have a great vision". From 1901 to 1904, the imperial examinations and schools coexisted. Many "loyal" students participated in the imperial examinations, and many of them passed the imperial examination. Among them, brothers Liang Minggao and Liang Mingzhi passed the imperial examination at the same time. This is undoubtedly a strange phenomenon in the transition period between the old and the new, especially among "Jiao Zhong" students. However, from another aspect, it also reflects that the "Jiao Zhong" students have a deep foundation in old learning and excellent writing skills. During the Xuantong period, the Ministry of Education stipulated the "Reexamination Law for Graduation Examinations". Graduates of schools in various prefectures and counties must be reexamined by the provincial academic envoys. Since the "Jiao Zhong" was directly under the jurisdiction of the academic envoys, during the graduation examination, proctors were assigned to invigilate the exams, so they were exempted from reexamination. For example, in 1909, Qiu Fengjia, who was hailed by Liang Qichao as the "giant of the poetic revolution" in the late Qing Dynasty, took the graduation examination of Zhongzhong Normal University students and "joined the examination" as a gentry member of the Guangdong Academic Affairs Office. According to Ren Chang's records, from 1902 to 1911, there were five batches of graduates from the university, totaling 2,000 people, including 1,200 normal students and 400 primary and secondary school students. At that time, schools in various counties competed to recruit "Jiao Zhong" normal school graduates. ?
After the Revolution of 1911 (1911), Ding Renchang resigned voluntarily and was succeeded by Wang Zhaoquan. The school was renamed as a school. It was once renamed "Guangdong Public Normal School". Later, Wang Zhaoquan and others wrote to the Provincial Department of Civil Affairs and forwarded it to the Ministry of Education. They believed that it had always been "privately run by private donations" and was private in nature. Finally, it was agreed to rename it Jiaozhong Normal School. School. However, the word "loyalty" did not change due to the overthrow of the imperial system. The founders of the school did hope that the students trained would be "loyal to the emperor and defend the Tao." However, the meaning of "loyalty" is broader. For example, "Mencius Teng Wengong" "People call good people loyal", "Shuowen Jiezi" "Zhong means respect", so "Jiao Zhong" has been used for 50 years. ?
In the first 10 years after the founding of the Republic of China, the current situation was unstable. "The school funds and buildings were often shaken" (Jin Zengcheng said), and the school had little development.
According to official historical records, in 1913, there were only 134 students and 9 teachers on campus; in June 1921, there were 185 students, 20 teachers and 341 graduates. In 1923, it was restructured into a junior middle school, and in August 1928, a high school normal course was added. In 1931, it was divided into high school and junior high schools for boys and girls and affiliated primary schools, and continued to offer high school normal courses. In December 1932, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Normal School Law", which stipulated that private individuals or groups were not allowed to operate normal schools. It was more likely that "Jiao Zhong" would be changed to "Private Jiao Zhong Middle School" the following year. According to statistics in 1934, the school’s construction area was about 40,000 square feet (old system, the same below), including more than 30 classrooms, offices, and laboratories, as well as student dormitories (there were 140 boarders at the time), an auditorium (about 3,000 square feet), The library (about 1,000 square feet, 8,000 books); the open space area is about 28,080 square feet, including a playground (about 20,000 square feet) and a gardening practice field (about 1,000 square feet). The instrument specimen is worth approximately 2,500 yuan. In 1935, a high school and a complete middle school were established, which was the heyday of "Jiao Zhong". There are 67 classes in the high school, junior high school and affiliated primary school with more than 3,000 students. ?
An event that had a greater impact on the school during the Republic of China was the road construction in Guangzhou in 1919. The municipal government should open up Fuxue East Street into Wende Road, and demolish the classrooms, dormitories, and playgrounds of "Jiaozhong" who are close to Fuxue East Street and turn them into roads. Fortunately, Cao Ruying, who worked as a "sitting officer" in the municipal government office and was in charge of the demolition of cities and road construction in Guangzhou, had been a mathematics teacher at Jiaozhong School. After the mediation of Principal Wang Zhaoquan, the municipal government instituted the "compensation and supplementary construction" method for "Jiaozhong". As a precedent, classrooms and dormitories were built at Guandaomen of the original Guangfu Academy (today's northwest of the school), and a playground was built on the right side of Fanshan (also known as Turtle Hill). The attached primary school originally located in Minghuan Temple (between Hanmochi and Yanggao Temple) was also demolished for road construction, and an attached primary school classroom was built at the old site of "Shenliu Study Room" near Guandaomen. Teachers and students of the school originally entered and exited through Chongshan Temple (south of today's Sun Yat-sen Library) and next to Fanshan. It was not convenient, so a side entrance was added on Wende Road in 1926. ?
As the Japanese invasion of China expanded, schools in Guangzhou moved out one after another, but the person in charge of the "Jiao Zhong" had no plans to move out. He once made the heroic statement "the city survives and the city perishes." . But the reality is cruel. Guangzhou was forced to suspend classes a few days before the fall, causing the loss of books, instruments and other teaching aids purchased over decades during the Japanese and puppet rule. After the fall of Guangzhou, Jin Zengcheng and others prepared to set up a branch school in Macao, and prepared for the hardships. Qualified "religious" students came to Macao to resume classes one after another, and local students were recruited. One year later, the number of primary and secondary students reached more than 1,000. The principal of the Australian school is temporarily served as the school chairman Jin Zengcheng. In early 1942, Jin Zengcheng returned to the mainland to take up a new position, and the school board elected Zhu Baoqin to succeed him. The academic director Shen Zhifang also moved from Macau to the mainland and set up another branch in Liantan Town, Yunan to collect mainland students. During the Anti-Japanese War, the two branches existed at the same time. ?
After Japan surrendered, the school board immediately sent personnel back to Guangzhou to prepare for the resumption of the school. Most of the school building was destroyed by the enemy and puppets, and no books, instruments and school tools were left. After poor management, Jiaozhong Middle School finally reopened in the spring of 1946, with Jin Zengcheng still serving as principal. It took three years after the reopening to repair the school building. In October 1949, "Guangzhou was liberated, and Jiaozhong Middle School received a new life like the people across the country" (Zhu Baoqin said). According to official historical records in November 1950, Jiaozhong Middle School had 11 classes, 407 students, and 25 staff, including 17 teachers. In September 1952, it merged with Lixing Middle School, and in July 1953, it merged with Wanchuan Middle School. In October, the school board of directors and all teachers and students enthusiastically requested that the school be converted into a public school. The municipal government took over "Jiao Zhong" and changed its name to Guangzhou No. 13 Middle School. The old school that has experienced half a century has entered a new era. ?
For 50 years, "Jiaozhong" has been a school with a good reputation. Thousands of students receive basic education here. They "either go to university to further their studies, or seek careers to develop their talents. Everyone has his own ambitions, and they don't all have to be the same" (Jin Zengcheng said). Alumnus Zhu Zhixin is an outstanding bourgeois democratic revolutionary in modern China and a right-hand man of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. It is a great honor to have this nationally renowned alumnus as a "faithful". It is also commendable to have Ding Renchang and Jin Zengcheng, two of the most senior and famous educators in Guangdong in modern times, as principals who have always been "teaching loyal". ?
From the perspective of human geography, "Jiaozhong", a "feng shui treasure land", has rich historical connotations. The Qin Dynasty established Panyu, an ancient county, with a history of more than 2,000 years.
Historical data says that there are two mountains in the county, Panyu, so they are named after them; some people think that Panyu is one mountain. According to Chi Ershan, it is generally believed that the high ground between Guangzhou No. 13 Middle School and Sun Yat-sen Archives is the remains of the former Fanshan Mountain. When the city's No. 13 Middle School built a new school building in 1990, all the foundations were excavated were red soil and red sandstone, indicating that the school was the main part of Fanshan. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Emperor Liu NF024 of the Southern Han Dynasty leveled Fanshan Mountain and built Chaoyuan Cave (later renamed Qingxu Cave). In Fanshan, the government established academic scholars in the third year of Shaosheng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1096), and Fanshan Academy was built in the fourth year of Chunxi of the Southern Song Dynasty (1244). In the Yuan Dynasty, it was renamed "Temple Studies and Dongxi Zhai". In the two dynasties of the Qing Dynasty, it was expanded into the large-scale Guangfu Academy, Kang Youwei's Wanmu Thatched Cottage and Ding Renchang's Jiaozhong Academy in the late Qing Dynasty, and the modern Guangzhou No. 13 Middle School, Wende Road Primary School, and Sun Yat-sen Literature Museum. Although there are differences in size, scale and function in the past dynasties, it has been a "sacred place" for culture and education for 900 years. It has remained unchanged for a long time, has a long history of education and a gathering of talents. This is unique in Guangdong and in the country. It is also rare.
Guangzhou No. 13 Middle School was formerly known as the private Jiaozhong Middle School. It was founded in 1902. Mr. Zhu Zhixin, a famous democratic figure, was the first student of Jiaozhong Middle School. In 1953, the school was officially renamed "Guangzhou No. 13 Middle School". It has been rated as "Provincial First-Class School" in Guangdong, "Provincial Green School" in Guangdong, and "Environmental Population and Sustainable Development Education (EPD)" by UNESCO. Project member school, Western China Education Consulting Unit, National Education Science Planning Key Project Experimental School. The school is located on Wende Road, the famous cultural and educational center area of ??Guangzhou. It has an elegant environment, fragrant calligraphy and rich cultural heritage; it is a complete middle school. There are currently 43 teaching classes with 2,068 students. There are 168 teaching staff, including 125 full-time teachers, including 3 outstanding teachers in Nanyue of Guangdong Province, 1 rising teacher in Nanyue teaching in Guangdong Province, 1 model teacher in Guangzhou, 34 senior teachers, and 30 master's degree students and postgraduate students.