In 960, the generals of the later Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, and established Songzhou as the emperor of German Zhao Kuangyin, thus establishing the Song Dynasty. In order to avoid the chaos of the regime and eunuch's authoritarian power in the late Tang Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin adopted the policy of emphasizing literature and restraining military power, strengthened centralization and deprived military commanders of their military power.
After Song Taizong succeeded to the throne, the whole country was unified, and after forming a single-source alliance with Liao, he gradually stepped into the rule of the world. 1 125, the state of Jin invaded the south on a large scale, which led to the shame of Jingkang and the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, King of Kang, ascended the throne in Yingtianfu and established the Southern Song Dynasty.
After the Shaoxing peace talks, the Qin Mausoleum-Huaihe River was the boundary with the State of Jin, which was jointly destroyed by Mongolia in 1234, song and yuan war broke out in 1235, Lin 'an was captured by the Yuan Dynasty in 1276, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished after the sea battle at Yashan.
Extended data:
Cause of extinction:
1, the policy of controlling arms with literature has caused mutual restraint within the military, frequent restrictions and many shortcomings;
2. The "Sixteen States" ceded by Shi Jingtang in the late Jin Dynasty lost the natural barrier of the Han nationality and could not resist foreign cavalry;
3. Lian Jin's decision-making mistakes in resisting Liao and Lian Meng's resistance to Jin only saw the strength of Liao (Jin) and did not see the threat of Jin (Meng);
4. The military ignorance, incompetence and inaction of the ruling class led to the failure of Kaifeng's defense war;
5. The emperor is fatuous, the political affairs are corrupt, the political infighting is serious, the military expenditure is large, and the people are overwhelmed.
Yashan naval battle event:
In the second year of Xiangxing (1279), in the first month, Zhang Hongfan led the Yuan army to attack the yamen, and the Yuan army arrived at the yamen one after another, surrounded by the Southern Song Dynasty on three sides.
Faced with great pressure, Zhang Shijie struggled day and night to break the enemy's strategy. Some aides suggested to Zhang Shijie to occupy the Gulf exit first and protect the retreat route to the west. Zhang Shijie vetoed the proposal to prevent soldiers from escaping.
And ordered the burning of palaces, houses and strongholds on land; More than 1000 Song Jun ships were connected in the bay with long ropes in the form of "serial ships", and Zhao Min's "Dragon Boat" was arranged in the middle of the military array.
Yuan military boats carrying inflammable articles such as thatch and grease rushed to the Song boat and set fire to it. However, the ships in the Song Dynasty were all mud-covered, and a long piece of wood was placed horizontally on each ship to resist the fire attack of the Yuan Army.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the navy failed to attack by fire, so it blocked the bay and cut off the road for the army to pump water and cut firewood in Song Jun. Song Jun ate dry food for more than ten days, and the soldiers who drank seawater vomited.
Zhang Shijie led Fang Xingri to fight against the Yuan Army, Zhang Hongfan captured Han, Zhang Shijie's niece, and failed to surrender to Zhang Shijie three times. In the second year of Xiangxing (1279), on February 6th, Zhang Hongfan prepared to storm.
In the Yuan Army, it was suggested that artillery should be used first. HongFan thought that artillery would disrupt Song Jun's formation and facilitate his retreat. Tomorrow, Zhang Hongfan will divide the troops into four roads, and Song Jun into three roads: East, South and North.
Hong Fan led the army away from Song Jun, taking playing music as the general attack signal. First of all, the northern army failed to attack the northern part of Song Jun, and Hengli and others went with the flow. Yuan Jun pretended to play music, but Song Jun thought Yuan Jun was having a party, and he was a little slack.
At noon, Zhang Hongfan's navy launched a frontal attack, then covered the pre-built and ambush ship building with cloth and sounded the golden bell as an attack signal. The ambush fell with a negative shield and approached the Song ship in the rain.
The warships of the two sides approached, and the Yuan army sounded the golden bell and withdrew its cloth to fight. At one time, it even broke seven Song ships. The Song Division was defeated, and the Yuan Army fought all the way to the center of Song Jun. At this time, Zhang Shijie saw that the tide was gone and dispatched a good soldier.
And has been ahead of time and Su Liuyi led by more than a dozen warships cut off the big cable, break away. In the second year of Xiangxing (1279), on March 19th, the naval battle of Yashan ended, and the Dasong Dynasty was declared dead.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Song Dynasty