According to ancient books, from the Tang Dynasty to Pan Geng, merchants moved their capitals many times. There are different opinions about the time and place of moving the capital. According to ancient books, Zhong Ding moved to Ao (now near Xingyang, Henan Province), He moved to Xiang (now Huangzhou, Henan Province), Zu Ti moved to Pi, Nangeng moved to Yan (now Qufu, Shandong Province), and Pan Geng moved from Yan to North Meng, with the title Yin (now Anyang, Henan Province). I really don't understand why the Shang Dynasty moved its capital to so many places. Even if we change places for feng shui, as Pan Geng said, it won't be Henan going to Shandong everywhere. I really admire the people of the Shang dynasty. For the sake of the national luck of the Shang dynasty, the country launched a large-scale migration activity, and I didn't have to do anything.
Speaking of Pan Geng's move to Yin, the emperor's wish was initially opposed by the nobles. After all, the nobles who moved to the capital have to pay. Who wants to pay? Later, Pan Geng had no choice but to intimidate these nobles. Seeing that the emperor had a clear attitude, the nobles dared not refuse, so they crustily skin of head and moved the capital.
Experienced historians speculate that Pan Geng moved to Yin at that time to alleviate the contradiction between the rich and the poor. After all, the nobles running around can shed some blood for the Shang Dynasty. Some people think that the agricultural productivity of Shang Dynasty was still relatively low, and frequent relocation of the capital can alleviate this situation, which sounds like nomadic people today. However, these speculations lack conclusive evidence.
The main content of Pan Geng's Yin-shifting is three sentences. The main content of Pan Geng's move to Yin is that the 20th monarch of Shang Dynasty resolutely moved to Yin in order to avoid natural and man-made disasters in Bo, the former capital of Shang Dynasty, regardless of the opposition of nobles and civilians, which led to the resurgence of the situation in Shang Dynasty.
Pan Geng transliteration: pán gēng qiān yěn yěn ě n y ě n.
Pan Geng's migration to Yin was a historical event in the middle and late Shang Dynasty. It refers to Pan Geng's decision to move its capital to Yin (now Anyang, Henan Province) in order to save the political crisis, which is now the ruins of Yin ruins.
When Shang Tang established the Shang Dynasty, the earliest capital was Bo (now Shangqiu, Henan). In the next 300 years, the capital moved five times. This is because the royal family often competes for the throne and civil strife occurs; Coupled with frequent floods in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.
A flood flooded the capital, at the same time, the struggle between rulers for the throne was fierce. Some people say that the father dies and the son succeeds, while others say that brothers should be brothers and sisters. Between uncles and nephews, there is often a life-and-death struggle for the throne. They messed up the country for self-interest. Can't consider moving the capital.
Extended data
Results:
Because Pan Geng insisted on moving the capital and defeated the opposition, he finally crossed the Yellow River with civilians and slaves and moved to Yin (now Xiaotun Village, Anyang). After moving the capital, Pan Geng reiterated: "If there is no distance, kill the Lord with sin, and show the goodness of the Lord with virtue", that is, no matter whether there is blood relationship with the king or not, sin will be put to death and meritorious service will be rewarded; And claimed that he had the right to "control his short life." This shows that by moving the capital and suppressing dissidents, the authority of the Shang king rose.
Impact:
From then on, the capital of Shang Dynasty was permanently fixed in Yin, where Pan Geng reorganized the politics of Shang Dynasty. At this time, the Shang Dynasty was politically stable and its social economy and culture developed greatly. Later, after the prosperity and development of Wuding era, it developed into one of the largest and most prosperous capitals in the world in the middle and late Yin Dynasty.
The declining Shang Dynasty revived and never moved its capital for more than 200 years. So Shang Dynasty is also called Yin Shang, or Yin Dynasty. In modern times, a large number of ancient relics were excavated in Xiaotun Village, Anyang, which proved that it was once the ruins of the Shang Dynasty capital, so it was called "Yin Ruins".