Tang, Jin, Sanjin and others
According to legend, Taiyuan was a fief of the ancient Tang Dynasty, Shanxi was called Jin for short, and Sanjin was the laudatory name of Shanxi and Taiyuan. This article will talk about the history of Taiyuan in terms of the relationship between Tang, Jin and Sanjin.
first, about Tang. In Chinese characters, the original meaning of Tang dynasty is big, which is extended to broad meaning. On Heng Zheng Shuo is noted as "Tang Dynasty's actions are just words". Yang Xiong's "Ganquan Fu" has a sentence of "the Tang Dynasty in the Plain is full of people". However, in China and the world, when it comes to the Tang Dynasty, people always think of the Tang Dynasty, the great feudal empire in the history of China. In 617 AD, due to Yang Guang, Emperor Yangdi's exultation and extravagance, he collected people, built large-scale projects, and the people were in poverty. The peasant uprising has developed to a state of fire, and Li Yuan and his son Li Shimin, the son of Taiyuan, took the opportunity to attack Chang 'an. The following year, when the Sui Dynasty perished, Li Yuan proclaimed himself emperor in Guanzhong, with the title of Tang Dynasty and the capital of Chang 'an. In the early Tang Dynasty, after the "Zhenguan rule", the national situation was extremely strong. The northern territory was in the latter half of the 7th century, and the northern boundary once included Lake Baikal and the upper reaches of Yenisei River, reaching the Caspian Sea in the northwest and the Sea of Japan in the northeast. The Tang Dynasty can be called a great empire spanning Asia and Europe, which occupies an important position in the history of China and even the world. However, after Tang Yuan and his son seized the world, why did they make the title of Tang Dynasty? We have to start with Taiyuan, Shanxi.
According to legend, before the 21st century BC, China was in the late period of patriarchal clan society, the Yellow Emperor was the same ancestor of ancient ethnic groups, and Shanxi was the territory of Yao, the tribal leader. Yao is Tao Tangshi, whose name is Fang Xun, and whose capital is Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi, now Yao Temple), and whose history is called Tang Yao. Liu Lei, a Miao descendant of Emperor Yao, was sealed in the Tang Dynasty, which is an ancient country with a long history in China, and has experienced Xia, Shang and Wednesday dynasties. In the 11th century BC, after Zhou Wuwang destroyed Yin, the rebellious Tang State of Liu Lei's descendants was wiped out. After Zhou Wuwang's death, his son recited the title of Zhou Chengwang. Cheng Wang sealed his brother's uncle to Tang. Tang, who was sealed by Shu Yu, actually accepted everything left by Liu Lei's descendants, and his territory was Fenshui and Huishui basins in Shanxi. As for where Tang Cheng is, there are two versions: one is that it is 2 miles west of Yicheng County; One said that it is in the north 2 of Jinyang County, Bing State. It's not elegant here. However, it is generally said that the latter is probably because people can see from the reality that after the Tang Dynasty changed to Jin Dynasty, later generations did build Jinyang City in the old Tang Cheng area and built a ci hall in Jinyang for Tang Shuyu. In my opinion, both theories are possible. Objectively speaking, it may be that Yao Tang established his capital in Linfen, Liu Lei's descendants built Tang Cheng in Yicheng, and Shu Yu established Tang Cheng in Jinyang after sealing the Tang Dynasty. Anyway, Taiyuan, Shanxi is the fief of the ancient Tang Dynasty.
Li Yuan stayed in Taiyuan when he was in Sui Dynasty, and he was hereditary Tang Guogong. After Tang gaozu and Li Shimin captured the world, Taiyuan was the place where they started to prosper the country, and it was also the hometown of the ancient Tang Dynasty, and the word Tang itself was an auspicious word in Chinese, with a big and wide meaning. Therefore, take the title of Tang Dynasty. Because the Tang emperors had a vast territory and strong national strength in their heyday, they had a great influence in the world history. So far, Britain and the United States still call Chinese expatriates Tang people, the concentrated areas of overseas Chinese as "Chinatown" and China clothes as "Tang clothes". Everyone knows this, but I don't know whether the Tang characters of Datang trace their roots or come from Taiyuan, Shanxi!
second, about Jin. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, from the 11th century BC, Zhou Chengwang made his brother Shu Yu and his son Xie's father change the Tang Dynasty to Jin Dynasty. By 222 BC, Wang Xi of the Zhao Dynasty was attacked by the Qin army, and Zhao completely perished, which existed in the history of China for nearly 8 years. Jin mentioned here includes Jin and Sanjin. Let's talk about Jin first.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the knighthood of the Zhou Emperor was divided into five categories: public, marquis, uncle, son and male. Calculated from the lineage of the State of Jin, Jin experienced 17 generations as a vassal state and 2 generations as a principality, with a total of ***37 generations and 634 years, plus 154 years from the separation of Zhao, Wei and Han into three vassal states to the Qin Dynasty's unification of China, making a total of 788 years. It can be seen that the State of Jin, as an ancient civilization with a long history in the pre-Qin period, has an important position in the history of China. During the Jin Dynasty and after the division of Zhao, Wei and Han into Jin, its fields included the oldest and most civilized major regions representing the cultural development of the Chinese nation. From the ancient cultural sites that have been discovered, the culture of Xiwangcun in Ruicheng, Shanxi, Dongxiafeng in Xiaxian, Taosi in Xiangfen, Peiligang in Zhengzhou in Henan, Hougang in Anyang, Dasikong, Yangshao in Mianchi, Miaodigou in Sanmenxia, and magnetic mountain culture in Wuxian, Hebei, which are representative areas of Xia, Shang and Zhou culture, were all within the scope of the State of Jin at that time, that is to say, the State of Jin at that time. The main territory of the State of Jin is in Shanxi, so it is natural that Shanxi is called Jin for short. As for why Xie's father changed the Tang Dynasty to Jin, there are two kinds of arguments. First, it is called Jin because there is water in Jin. It is said that taking the original meaning of Jin and advancing with it are the meaning of progress, and what meaning it is taken from is beyond examination, but it is universally acknowledged that Shanxi calls Jin.
It should be noted here that the status of the State of Jin originally attacked the Tang Dynasty, whose brother Shu Yu was sealed in Ji Song, Zhou Chengwang in the 11th century BC. After the change of Tang Dynasty to Jin Dynasty, the Tang and Jin Dynasties became indistinguishable. Tang Shuyu was the Lord of Tang Dynasty and the ancestor of Jin Dynasty. That's what Sima Qian meant when he called "Jin, Tang Shuyu" in Historical Records of Jin Family. In the Zhou Dynasty, Jin was originally a vassal state, that is, a second-class vassal state. In about 68 BC, after the Duke of Jinwu was overthrown and ascended the throne, he called himself the Duke of Quwo Wu, and privately improved his specifications. In order to gain the recognition of the central government, Wu Gong used improper means. He gave all the treasures, jade and bronzes of Jin to the Zhou Emperor, who was greedy for money and loved treasures. Zhou Tianzi was bribed by the Duke of Quwo, who was named Duke of Jinwu, so Hou was promoted to a principality and became a vassal state. Sima Qian recorded the ugly behavior of Duke Wu of Jin who was promoted to Duke by bribery in Jin Family without reservation, leaving a lasting stigma in history. However, after Duke Wu of Jin made Jin a principality, he was in office for only two years and failed to do anything. After that, he offered a public favor to Li Ji, and Jin was the source of trouble; Paying back evil for good has worsened the relationship between Qin Jin, and the state of Jin has been in constant trouble and its national strength has declined. In 645 BC, Zhong Er, the son of Jin who had been in exile for 19 years, returned to China and acceded to the throne with the support of Qin Mugong. As Jin Wengong suffered from vagrancy, after he acceded to the throne, he practiced benefiting the people, forbidding and taxing, rewarding farming, helping the poor, reducing tariffs, encouraging trade, preaching the law and teaching, and simple folk customs. Making friends with foreign countries and getting married for generations has maintained relative stability, making the State of Jin prosperous and powerful, and realizing the rejuvenation and hegemony of the State of Jin. In 572 BC, after Duke Mourn of Jin ascended the throne, the state of Jin declined day by day.
third, about "Sanjin". In 458 BC, shortly after Jin Aigong ascended the throne, Zhi Bo, one of the six ministers of the State of Jin (Zhi, Zhao, Wei, Han, Fan and Bank of China), seized the real power of the State of Jin. Together with Han and Wei, he carved up the land of Fan and Bank of China. Then Zhi Bo joined forces with Han and Wei to besiege Jinyang, the capital of Zhao, and the soldiers poured water in an attempt to destroy Zhao in one fell swoop. Zhao Xiangzi, with the principle that "the lips are dead, the teeth are cold", sent someone to secretly persuade Han and Wei to unite against Zhi Bo, defeated the wisdom army in Jinyang and killed Zhi Bo. In 453 BC, Zhao, Han and Wei carved up the territory of the State of Jin. In 43 BC, that is, in the twenty-third year of King Weilie of Zhou (the seventeenth year of Duke Liegong of Jin), Zhao, Wei and Han were made princes. Since Zhao, Wei and Han were all born in the State of Jin, after the "Three Kingdoms Divided into Jin", although the State of Jin declared its demise, the emerging princes of Zhao, Wei and Han Ji were active on the Chinese stage. However, Jin, as a principality, has existed in a narrow world for 28 years in name only.
Jin and Sanjin were an inseparable ancient civilization in the history of China before the unification of Qin. The so-called Sanjin means that the three families are divided into Jin and Jin is divided into three families. In the history of China, the division of Jin by three families was the beginning of the Warring States Period (43 BC). Sima Guang's Zi Zhi Tong Jian took the division of Jin by three families as the beginning, and mentioned the predication of Sanjin. Sanjin, in fact, is also the collective name of this period of history for later generations. I think, like Shu, Wei and tachileik, which were called by later generations at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it refers to this period of history in general. Sanjin not only represents the Jin State that dominated the Spring and Autumn Period, but also includes Zhao, Wei and Han, who were among the seven heroes of the Warring States Period. After 2, years, people still miss and praise Sanjin, and call Shanxi Sanjin collectively, which shows that Sanjin's position in the history of China embodies the connotation of being one of the cradles in the history of Chinese civilization more widely than Jin. It shows that Sanjin culture has realized the integration of northern culture and central plains culture and made historical contributions to the inheritance and development of Chinese national culture; It shows that Sanjin, with superior geographical location, rich resources and talented people, is a treasure trove of geomantic omen in the motherland.
The sons and daughters of Sanjin, who have a long history of 3 centuries and are nurtured by ancient culture, will surely play more brilliant triumphs in the land of Sanjin in the glorious era of the new century!