In my hometown, 3 kilometers south of Dunhua City, Jilin Province, there are six rolling peaks arranged from low to high. People call them "Liudingshan", and its main peak is at the western end of the mountain. In the foothills of Liu Ding, there are tombs of early royal families and nobles in Bohai Kingdom. Among them, the tomb of Princess Hui Zhen, the third daughter of Wang Daqin in Bohai Sea, is the most famous. Many cultural relics were unearthed in the tomb, the most valuable of which was a tombstone and a pair of stone lions, which attracted archaeologists and history lovers at home and abroad to explore and visit. As early as March 4th, 196 1, it was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
? When I returned to my hometown in the autumn of 200 1, my father offered to take me to visit Liu Ding, and I happily agreed. Although Liu Ding is located in the southern suburbs of the city, I haven't been there much. It was far away when I was a child. You can only see it from a distance when you pass the Xinjiang Bridge. Later, because I left my hometown to study and work in other places after graduating from high school, I had fewer opportunities to go to Liu Ding.
? One morning, my father and I rode our bikes all the way south. After crossing the river bridge leading to Liuding Mountain, we walked forward for a while, turned west on a dirt road in the field, and after a while, we rode along the mountain road to Liuding Mountain in the south.
? The early autumn wind gently blows the fields, white clouds float in the sky, and the mountains in the distance are like rolling waves. Green crops are planted on both sides of the mountain road and flowers are in full bloom. Rows of corn stalks stand upright on the ground, with clusters of yellow or brown tassels on their heads, and long green leaves sway with the wind, making a rustling sound. My father is very good at Chinese medicine. He told me that corn stigma can treat kidney disease and pick some as medicinal materials.
? After climbing a hillside, there was a rumble of the train. I saw a small train coming from west to east. The locomotive chimney is smoking black smoke, dragging a series of connected flat cars on the railway at the foot. The whistle of the train echoed in the valley. In the middle of the flatbed, there are several fellow villagers, and there are some bulging bags next to them. I was curious and asked my father where the train came from. My father told me that it was a small train from Guli Forest Farm. People there go to the market or do business by train. Small train tracks were built by the Japanese to plunder forest resources.
A few years later, when I returned to Dunhua, I was very sorry to hear that all the small train lines had been demolished. If the small railway stays, it can not only be used as a witness of history, but also as a tourist resource development, which may attract many tourists to experience the fun of the small train passing through the winding mountains and feel the colorful world in the mountains in spring, summer, autumn and winter.
? My father and I continued to ride along the mountain road. After turning a hill, we walked not far to the east. My father motioned me to park my car by the side of the road and took me to the hillside. I pointed to a place surrounded by an iron fence and told me that this was the tomb of Princess Hui Zhen. I am close to the railing, looking at a stone tablet, which reads the tomb of Princess Hui Zhen, surrounded by weeds. This is the first time I have seen Princess Hui Zhen's grave. This ancient relic is connected with a long history and accumulates the lost figure of a kingdom.
My father and I rode for a while and saw a stone tablet standing more than two meters high by the roadside. The words "Tang Cuixin Cup" are written on the front of the stone tablet, which was inscribed by the famous calligrapher Tang. My father showed me the inscription on the back of the stone tablet and told me that it was written by him, which recorded the past events of Cui Xinlai, a heroine of the Tang Dynasty, declaring a letter to Aodongcheng 1,300 years ago:
? "Da was the leader of Mohong clan in the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Emperor Wu's holy calendar (AD 698), he proclaimed himself emperor in Dunhua on the banks of Huhan River, which made great contributions to the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Kaiyuan reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (AD 7 13), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty sent Lang Bai as the king of Bohai County and called Han Taishou Zuo General. Time has passed for thousands of years, mountains and rivers are still beautiful, and China's reunification is in full swing. This is a feat, commemorating the arrival of Cui Xin that day, crossing the sea and sticking to the mountains, taking risks and going through hardships, and announcing a grand memorial ceremony, thus opening the beginning of the construction and governance of Dunhua and understanding the feelings of national friendship. Therefore, it is an eternal ambition to build a monument here. 1see the sun in June, 995. "
? The author of the stone tablet wrote his father's name. The inscription was written by Yang Minggu, an old friend of my father's work for many years and an expert in literature and history in Dunhua City. The handwriting is rich and powerful, and the carving is Zhang Wenfu. The stone tablet silently faces the sky, and the vivid past is thought-provoking.
Dating back more than 3,000 years ago, in the late new period, the ancient Su Shenren thrived between Baishan and Heishui. Sushen people have different names in the literature of different periods, namely, Sushen in the pre-Qin period, Kulou in the Wei and Jin Dynasties in the Han Dynasty, and Buji in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Together with the Tang Dynasty, it was called Bohai Kingdom, later called Bohai Sea.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Mohong developed into the most powerful nation in Northeast China, divided into seven tribes. Among them, Mo Hong, who lives in the upper reaches of Songhua River and Changbai Mountain, is called Mo Hong. The transliteration of Mohong originally meant "mountain tribe", and the Songhua River was called Sumujiang in ancient times. Mohong actually means "mountain tribe".
? In the first year of General Chapter of Tang Gaozong (AD 668), after the Tang Dynasty destroyed Koguryo in Liaodong, in order to strengthen the rule, a large number of Koguryo adherents and some people attached to the Koguryo regime were forcibly moved to the mainland. Among them, Qi Sibi and Xiang, the leader of Koguryo people in the late Su Dynasty, led their troops to Yingzhou (Chaoyang, Liaoning) at that time.
? In 696 AD, Li Dezhong, the leader of the Khitan, took the opportunity to fight against the Tang Dynasty, and the following year he attacked Yingzhou. Jasper and Xiang, the chiefs of the Tang Dynasty, took advantage of the chaos to return to the east, while Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty, in order to treat them differently, used heavy troops to pacify the Khitan and adopted the means of netting the chiefs of the Tang Dynasty. Give Qi Sibi Xu Guogong and Zhen Guogong, and forgive him. However, Qi Sibi refused to be ordered and was pursued by Tang Bing. Qi Sibi was defeated and killed. Soon, the beggar elephant also died of illness, and his son, Da Yurong, led the troops to continue to rush to Su Shen's hometown. They defeated their pursuer Tang Jun in Tianmenling and headed for their hometown.
? In 698 AD, Dazuo Rong led his troops to build a city in Dongmoushan (now southwest of Dunhua, Jilin). He hailed as the king, and posthumous title "shocked the country" and created his own surname Da by honorific title "Da". Soon, the capital moved to Huhan River (now Mudanjiang) and was named Huhan City, which later became Aodongcheng.
There was a war between the Bohai Kingdom and the Tang Dynasty, and there was a process of contact, exchange and integration, but on the whole it was based on harmonious and friendly trade relations and vassal relations.
In 705 AD, after the restoration of Li Xian, Tang Zhongzong, in order to deal with the Turks, Zhang Xingji, an imperial envoy, was sent to the earthquake-stricken area to appease the Turks. Da immediately expressed his willingness to join, and sent his son Damen Yi as a hostage to join the Tang Dynasty to defend the capital, which greatly eased the relationship between the central government of the Tang Dynasty and Hong. Soon, due to the invasion of the border by the Khitan and the Turks for years, the road was blocked, the mission was not achieved, and the knighthood was unsuccessful.
According to Biography of Bohai Sea in Old Tang Dynasty, "In the second year of Zong Ruisheng's reign (7 1 3 AD), Petboy was sent to Shubai to worship Zuo Xiaowei as a general and the king of Bohai Sea, and he still regarded his land as Hu Hanguo and gave it as the governor of Hu Hanguo. Naturally, he sends envoys to pay tribute every year. "
Crack Temple was the official office in charge of foreign guests and ceremonies in Tang Dynasty. The leader and adjutant of the Temple of Cracks are Cleavage and Cleavage. At that time, Cui Xin led a group of people to set off from Chang 'an, Tang Dou in autumn and winter, and made a short overnight trip, looking at the northeast. They crossed the Bohai Sea in Dengzhou (Penglai) and arrived in Lushun. After a rest, they sailed eastward along the coast to Qingnipu (now in the area of Qingniwa Bridge in Dalian) and Shiren Island (now Shidao City), then entered the Yalu River, went upstream and turned to land. After the canonization, the town state has a new name, specifically called "Bohai Sea", and officially became a country within the territory of the Tang Dynasty.
Da Zuo Rong warmly welcomed Cui Xin and his party. Cui Xin spent an unusual winter in Aodongcheng, during which he enjoyed the magnificent scenery of mountains and rivers in the north, the vast and quiet virgin forests and the unique and simple ethnic customs, and tasted various local delicacies and game.
On the occasion of the handover in the spring and summer of the following year, Cui Xin led a delegation to return to Chang 'an. When he came to Lushun, the coast of Bohai Sea, and faced the horizon at the junction of the sea and the sky, Cui Xin remembered his mission and the journey from cold to hot, and was filled with emotion. In order to commemorate this memorial event, he ordered people to dig a well in the south and northwest foothills of Jinshan as a memorial. And set up a huge stone tablet beside the northwest foot well, which read the following words:
Hold festivals, announce work, and make appointments.
Crack Hongqing Cui Xinjing Eryong.
May 18th, the second year of Kaiyuan.
? The 29-character inscription calligraphy is vigorous and powerful, which records the experience of this seal-chasing. Cracked wells and stone carvings prove that Lushunkou is the main artery of maritime traffic between the Central Plains and the Northeast in the Tang Dynasty, a symbol of the subordinate relationship between the Tang Dynasty and Bohai County, and a historical witness of the exchanges between the Central Plains Dynasty and the Northeast minority regimes and the ownership of the Bohai Sea in the territory of the Tang Dynasty. Known as "the first monument in Northeast China".
? Dunhua, as the capital of Cui Xin's declared earthquake country, erected a stone tablet in front of Liudingshan ancient tomb to commemorate the achievements of Cui Gong's declared earthquake.
? My father and I took pictures in front of and behind the stone tablet. My father took me to see this stone tablet, and I was very proud. I can also imagine my father writing an inscription at his desk. With a profound cultural background and a clear understanding of the history of the Bohai Sea, my father wrote such a passage after careful consideration and combing.
My father studied the history of Dunhua in his early years, and had many discussions and exchanges with his good friend Liu Zhongyi, director of Dunhua Cultural Relics Management Office. During his stay in the Bohai Sea, he went to Dongmoushan, today's Chengshanzi Mountain City, to explore the ancient times and explore the secluded places, and wrote the seven laws "Climbing East Moushan":
Therefore, the pursuit of home-based backing, thousands of years of moss marks.
The iron horse rides the old wild gold, Jia Yingxin Tian.
Looking at the mountains and rivers, the mind is wide and the rhyme sentence is wide.
With the passage of time, Qiu Guang took advantage of the joy and rejoiced.
10 years later, when my father participated in the compilation of the book Dade Dunhua and Cui Xinzhi, he was moved by his trek in Wan Li and wrote the Seven Laws of Cui Xin and Xuan Zhao:
Wan Li trudged through the mountains and seas, preaching his labor and integrity, and praising his integrity.
The garage is out of the way in the snow, and Wang Yang is alone by boat.
The title of county king is a long-term friendship, which comforts the princes and shows eternal happiness.
Today, China is unified, and Qingping music plays the red sun.
? There is a story among the people that Li Bai was drunk with grass to scare barbarians. It is said that King Wu, the second-generation monarch of Bohai, once threatened the Tang Dynasty with barbarians, threatening the Tang Dynasty to give it Koguryo's ceded 176 city, or face each other. No one in the Qing Dynasty could read, and Tang Xuanzong was at a loss. On the recommendation of He, Li Bai read In front of Qingyin Temple after drinking. Xuanzong ordered Li Bai to write a letter to denounce it. Li Bai kept waving and quickly finished the book "Scaring People". King Bohai was shocked to read this book. All the officials and ministers thought that China had gods to help him, so he immediately wrote a letter of surrender, wishing to pay tribute every year and come to China every year. After Bohai sent Wang Xiaolian to Tang to repair it. Father once wrote seven laws "Li Bai rebukes barbarians":
A man's book is full of momentum, and he dares to open the military machine proudly.
Thanks to Li, Wang Xiaolian was sent to the Tang Dynasty.
The water in the Olympic building is always surging, and the strange mountain is always marked by Moushan in the east.
Baiyun has been a dog for thousands of years, but it is sunny today. (Note: Olou water is Mudanjiang today)
? Bohai Kingdom was founded by Da Zuorong in 698 and destroyed by Qidan in 926. * * * existed for 229 years and produced 15 kings.
? The political system of Bohai basically follows the model of the Tang Dynasty, with three provinces and six departments and local governance. In its heyday, there were 62 states 130 counties, 5 capitals, and 15 governments, and their jurisdiction included today's northeast region, the northern part of the Korean Peninsula and the southern coastal areas of Russia.
? After more than 1000 years of wind and rain, the fractured wells and stone carvings left by Cui Xin have been exposed in the wild. 1895, Liu Pai, then a soldier in Denglai, Shandong Province and a native of Guichi, Anhui Province, built a stone pavilion on the basis of stone carvings to protect the fractured well and stone carvings. In August of the following year, the pavilion was built, named Tangbei Pavilion.
? 1905, the Japanese army captured Lushunkou. At the moment of seeing this stone, Japanese vice admiral Ding Gong Youxiang realized the cultural value of this treasure. 1908, he ordered it to be shipped to Japan and presented to the emperor. Emperor Meiji couldn't put it down. Whenever he looks at the stone carvings in Hung Hom well and touches the thick stones, he thinks of the vast northeast. I once went to Lushun, Huang Jinshan to find the location of the fissure well, but I couldn't do so because it was a military restricted area.
Bohai imitated the system of Tang Dynasty and learned the culture of Central Plains. Once known as "Haidong prospers the country", Bohai culture began. Bohai Sea has made historic contributions to the development and maintenance of territorial integrity in Northeast China.
According to records, the Bohai Sea sent a mission to the Tang Dynasty 140 times, and the Tang Dynasty also set up a Bohai Pavilion to receive the business affairs of the Bohai Sea. Tang also sent people to Bohai Sea for more than a dozen times. Prince of Bohai Sea and noble children came to the Central Plains to study in succession. The poet Wen wrote the poem "Send the Prince of the Bohai Sea Home": "Although the Xinjiang Sea is heavy, there are homes, cars and books. Sheng Xun returned from his old country, and the beautiful sentence is in China. The demarcation is divided into autumn rising and heading for Shu area. Nine doors are so beautiful, looking back is the end of the world. " It shows the historical facts of the communication between Bohai Sea and Tang Dynasty in this period.
? During the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty (AD 742-755), the Bohai Sea moved its capital to Zhongjing (now the ancient city of Longxi), and the ancient tombs of Liudingshan were mostly the remains of the Zhongjing period when the Bohai Sea moved its capital.
? In 926 AD, after Lu Ye Bao Ji, the emperor of Liao Dynasty, destroyed the Bohai Kingdom, the rulers of Qidan moved some of the strong ethnic groups and people of the Bohai Kingdom to Liaoyang, Fuzhou and Jinzhou in order to avoid future troubles, which made it impossible for them to communicate with each other. In order to eliminate the nostalgia of the Bohai people for their old country, they burned the palaces, temples and houses in the capital of Bohai (now Bohai Town, Ning 'an County, Heilongjiang Province), and the written records of Bohai were wiped out in the fire, and the achievements of more than 200 years of civilization were destroyed, and the "Haidong Culture" was annihilated in the ruins of history.
On the south side of Zhang Han Nanjie Chinese Medicine Hospital in Dunhua City, there is a Bohai Square built to commemorate Bohai County in Tang Dynasty. At the entrance to the north side of the square, there is a tall and majestic antique stone gate in the Tang Dynasty. Exquisitely decorated door imitation columns are arranged on both sides of the road in turn, welcoming tourists like a neat guard of honor, and enjoying the ancient times like a semicircular corridor. The open gallery roof composed of thick brown wood squares is built on red columns, which is simple and elegant.
In the center of the square, rectangular columns carved with Tang poems are arranged in a circle, adding a quaint artistic conception here. The cornices of a semi-circular antique pavilion are upturned, and the scarlet columns on both sides of the pavilion glow with red light. The painted patterns on the ceiling give people a simple and lively feeling. The pavilion is shaded by green trees and strewn at random with flowers and plants, which reminds people of the artistic conception of "beside the ancient road outside the pavilion, the green grass is sky-high"
There is a huge embossed wall in the square, with portraits of fifteen kings in Bohai Sea on the front and people's religious beliefs, marriage customs, fishing and hunting, agricultural production, customs and customs on the back, which gives people an intuitive understanding of the ancient Bohai Sea. The bronze sculpture on the east side of the square shows the jurisdiction and historical evolution of the Bohai Sea in its heyday.
On the south side of the square is Dongmou Mountain Scenic Area, with waterfalls, city walls and small and unique pavilions, which reproduces the scene of Dazuorong establishing an earthquake country. To the south of the square is a white marble statue of Cui Xin, the messenger of the Tang Dynasty, holding a lotus knot. I saw his robes flying, his expression firm, his left hand holding a lotus knot, and his right hand pointing to the distance, as if he were fearless and fearless on the way to the mission, which made people sincerely admire his historical achievements in safeguarding national unity, promoting national unity and prospering the frontier.
The theme sculpture in Bohai Square is a tall tower with three characters of "human" written on it. It is unique and tall, just like a pillar with indomitable spirit, reaching into the sky, and there is a Baoding with great virtue and profound culture below, which symbolizes stability and good fortune.
Aodongcheng site is the early capital of Bohai State, so it is called the old country. Located two kilometers northeast of Bohai Square, it belongs to the southeast corner of Dunhua City and the north bank of Mudanjiang. The buildings in this city are modeled after the capital of the Tang Dynasty. The wall is made of earth, with an inner and outer city, 400 meters long from east to west, 200 meters long from north to south, and its circumference is 1200 meters. The inner city is square, with a side length of 80 meters, and the outer city is four miles from Fiona Fang. Copper coins, stone mortar and pottery were unearthed in this city.
When I was a child, my father took me to Mudanjiang, pointing to a high-lying field and told me that this place was once the seat of Aodongcheng, the capital of Bohai. At that time, you can still see the ancient city wall with more than half a meter of earth barriers, and some people are farming.
? "The spring breeze does not know the meaning of rise and fall, and the grass fills the old city every year." The bustling city has long lost the charm of horses and chariots, the noise of people coming and going, the style of palaces and castles, the style of singing and dancing, the arrogance and extravagance of dignitaries, and the smell of fireworks all over the street. With the passage of time, the once heroic and barbaric argument has disappeared. Once Aodongcheng was deeply hidden in lush weeds and years. As the riverbank moves south,
If the monument of the Tang Dynasty reveals a magnificent historical picture, then the tomb of Princess Hui Zhen is a snow claw left by years, which adds a bit of mystery and remoteness to this ancient land.
The autumn before last, I came to Liu Ding again, entered the gate of the scenic spot and went west. I saw the vast mountains with distinct layers and lush trees. Under the rustling autumn wind, brilliant golden yellow, warm orange, bright red, elegant yellow and green seem unwilling to be lonely, rushing out of the mountain and rendering the trees all over the mountain into a colorful world. Looking around, there are thousands of scenery.
Walking along the newly paved asphalt road, there is a wooden archway with three doors and four columns and double eaves. On the horizontal plaque above, the golden characters of "Liudingshan Ancient Tombs" are written, with profound cultural background and a clean and solemn atmosphere.
? Entering the gate, the quiet forest is surrounded by oblique branches and mottled shadows, wandering on the road paved with basalt. The vegetation on both sides is lush and scattered, which makes people dizzying. The yellow leaves on the oak tree are wide and big, with clear veins, showing full tension, revealing the boldness and amorous feelings of autumn in the north, showing the tenacious vitality of nature and adding a bit of mystery and mystery.
? The branches of tall poplars on the roadside are shining with silver luster, which is particularly dazzling in the colorful and mottled scenery. The tall and straight posture is like soldiers lining up to pay tribute to pedestrians. Several squirrels tossed and turned on the branches, adding a little aura to the silent forest, as if to remind tourists that they are the guardians here.
? The previously closed iron fence is gone, and each ancient tomb is covered with a big glass protective cover, just like a huge open-air museum, full of modern flavor. The history of the Bohai Sea is so far away from us but close at hand, as if within reach.
? The whole tomb group is divided into two tomb areas, including sarcophagus tombs and sarcophagus tombs 100. Among the tombs, the third generation of Bohai Sea and Mao are the most famous, and the tombstone style is a popular parallel prose in the Tang Dynasty, such as "Fu", which has a late reputation; Mother means Mu Mu, and Qing Yu is concentrated in boundless territory. " "Use time to distinguish and clarify the sun and the moon; Li Ji holds the machine, Ren Jun and Gan Kunyu. " "Roses are rare, and the leaves are like the flowers of a Joan tree; The Swiss quality is unparalleled, as warm as Pian Yu in Feng Kun. " This paper mainly describes the origin, temperament, appearance, upbringing, becoming a monk and loyalty to festivals of Princess Hui Zhen. They are all neat sentences with harmonious rhythm, gorgeous rhetoric, simple and vigorous handwriting and smooth brushwork, which proves that Bohai uses Chinese characters and is familiar with the origin of Central Plains culture. Tombstones are rare treasures in calligraphy and writing.
? The unearthed stone lions are vigorous and vivid in shape, meticulous in carving and skilled in knife work. They are Tang-style, reflecting the splendid Bohai civilization after absorbing the Han culture of that period. Besides tombstones and stone lions, other cultural relics, such as gold-plated foam nails, gold-plated ribbons, tiles, animal face bricks, pottery pots, etc., were unearthed, which unveiled the mystery of Bohai civilization, provided important physical materials for the study of Bohai history, and confirmed that Dunhua area in the upper reaches of Mudanjiang was the capital of the old Bohai Sea (earthquake country) at that time, and also reflected the ancient Bohai Sea and the Tang Dynasty at that time.
? Walking out of the tomb, I saw a high imitation tombstone of Princess Hui Zhen standing by the roadside. There is an open flat land not far ahead, like a book case, and there is a small mountain peak in the west. This may be a treasure house in traditional culture.
? A sea of flowers has now been built on this flat land. In the flowering season, the air is full of flowers. Windmills made of colored paper are arranged on both sides of the path, leading to auspicious flowers in the distance. All kinds of charming and beautiful flowers make up a colorful square, just like a huge brocade carpet spread to the sky. There is a big ship made of wood, moored in the depths of the flower shadow, and boarding it seems to be in the colorful waves, which makes people feel relaxed and happy.
? A pool of sparkling water is dotted in front of the flower sea. The water is like a big bright mirror. The trees and houses on the shore are reflected in the water, and the suspension bridge across the water is like a rainbow. White clouds float in the sky like cotton, and watch and compare with the flowers on the ground. Beautiful scenery is like a colorful oil painting, which brings people visual enjoyment.
? In this vast land of Northeast China, there are endless mountains, endless rivers and endless Yuan Ye, which have nurtured the children of all ethnic groups in Northeast China and endowed them with rough character and bold mind. In this Millennium-stirring historical stage, ethnic disputes, wars, peace and integration are staged in turn. There have been countless scenes in which Jin Ge, Tie Ma and Gu Jiao contend, and colorful and stormy stories of the times have been interpreted.
? The imperial edict of Cui Xin in the Tang Dynasty opened a corner of a thousand-year history and explained the ever-changing historical situation.