For this problem, geography, an expert in geographical knowledge and tourism information, made a brief introduction.
Qaidam basin is one of the three in
For this problem, geography, an expert in geographical knowledge and tourism information, made a brief introduction.
Qaidam basin is one of the three inland basins in China, and it is a closed giant intermountain fault basin. Located in the northwest of Qinghai Province. Surrounded by Kunlun Mountain, Qilian Mountain and Altun Mountain, it covers an area of 257,800 square kilometers. "Qaidam" is Mongolian, which means "salt ze". Qaidam basin is the highest basin in the world, with an average elevation of about 3000 meters.
The topography of Qaidam Basin is complex and diverse, with mountains, hills, basins, river valleys and lakes distributed alternately, forming a unique natural environment. In addition, the sparse population has created favorable conditions for the survival and reproduction of wild animals. The Qaidam Basin is one of the key protected areas of wild animals in our province, with 96 species of wild animals, including more than 30 species of national first-class and second-class protected animals. The main waterfowl are black-necked cranes, swans, striped geese and red-dot ducks. Mammals include wild camels, wild yaks, wild donkeys, Tibetan antelopes, white-lipped deer, red deer, argali, rock sheep, Tibetan gazelle, goose-throated antelope and other rare wild animals. In addition, there are snow leopards and lynxes. In Qilian Mountain and Kunlun Mountain, wild birds include stone pheasant and snow pheasant.
Qaidam basin is called "cornucopia". There are 57 kinds of minerals with proven reserves in Quanzhou, with 28 1, including 72 large-scale minerals and 6 1 medium-sized minerals. The main minerals are petroleum, natural gas, coal, crude salt, potassium, boron, lithium, magnesium, strontium, bromine, iodine, mirabilite, natural sulfur, chromium, lead and zinc, gold, silver, asbestos and limestone. Among them, crude salt, potassium, magnesium, lithium, strontium, asbestos, mirabilite and other mineral reserves rank first in the country, while bromine and boron. Mineral resources are characterized by large reserves, high grade, complete types, concentrated distribution and good resource combination.
The Qaidam Basin is rich in salt lake resources. At present, more than 70 salt lake deposits (spots) have been discovered in * * *, and the ore-bearing area of salt lake area has been proved to be more than 30,000 square kilometers, with a total proven reserve of 379.9 billion tons. According to the preliminary exploration results, the salt reserves in Qaidam Basin are more than 60 billion tons, accounting for more than half of the proven reserves in China. It is not only the highest salt mine in China, but also the highest salt mine in the world. These salts can build a salt bridge 6 meters thick and 12 meters wide between the earth and the moon, which can be eaten by people all over the world for 2000 years. The lithium content in the brine of Dongtai Jinaier Lake and Yiliping Salt Lake is 10 times higher than that of similar salt lakes in the United States, and 50 times higher than its industrial exploitation grade. Among them, the proven reserves of sodium salt are more than 53 billion tons; The proven reserves of boron are more than 1 1 10,000 tons, accounting for half of the total reserves in China; The proven reserves of magnesium chloride are about 2 billion tons. Therefore, the Qaidam Basin is also called "the world of salt".
Because there are many treasures in it, mineral resources, non-ferrous metals, oil fields and coal mines are all rich.
Located in Qinghai, Qaidam Basin is one of the four great basin in China. It is backed by the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounded by Altun Mountain, Qilian Mountain and Kunlun Mountain. It is 800 kilometers long from east to west and 300 kilometers wide from north to south, covering an area of about 250,000 square kilometers.
In our geography book, the Qaidam Basin is described as a cornucopia. And it will have such a name, in fact, mainly because the Qaidam Basin has a large number of mineral resources.
So, what mineral resources are there in the Qaidam Basin?
First of all, potassium salt resources. Due to the evaporation of sedimentary lakes formed by surrounding mountains, there are a lot of potassium salts in Qaidam Basin. In particular, Chaerhan Salt Lake, where the salt is enough for the people of the whole country for 800 years, is the largest potash production base in China.
Second, other energy sources. In addition to potassium salt, there are many other mineral resources, such as coal, oil, natural gas and other energy sources, which are very rich. After all, the terrain here is more suitable for the formation of these resources.
Of course, in addition to these, there are mineral resources such as iron, copper, lithium and chromium. It is precisely because of this that the Qaidam Basin is affectionately called the "cornucopia".
Qaidam Basin
There are four great basin in China, namely Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin, Qaidam Basin and Sichuan Basin. In fact, every basin can be called a "cornucopia". Qaidam basin is a plateau basin, located in the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the roof of the world, mainly in Qinghai Province, surrounded by Altun Mountain, Qilian Mountain and Kunlun Mountain, with a total area of about 240,000 square kilometers and an average elevation of 2,600 to 3,000 meters. Living in inland and high altitude areas, the climate in Qaidam Basin is very dry, the surface is very barren and the natural environment is very bad.
Location map of Qaidam basin
Qaidam basin is not a basin suitable for human habitation, and it can be said that the land is vast and the population is sparse, so why is it called "cornucopia"? The treasure in Qaidam basin is underground. Although the surface here is very barren, there are abundant natural resources underground. At present, there are more than 200 proven ore occurrences and more than 50 kinds of minerals, among which the reserves of salt, oil, lead, zinc and borax are particularly rich, and the total reserves of salt are about 60 billion tons. Qarhan potash plant in Qaidam basin has become an important chemical raw material base in China, and Xitieshan lead-zinc mine is one of the largest known lead-zinc mines in China.
Four great basin distribution map
Qaidam basin is rich in oil storage structures, and there are important oil and gas accumulation zones in the west. The potential value of various mineral resources in the basin is 17.2 trillion yuan, which is a veritable "cornucopia". In fact, from the perspective of mineral resources, Tarim Basin, the largest basin in China, is also a "cornucopia", which is rich in oil and gas resources and is the gas source of the first phase of the West-to-East Gas Transmission Project in China. In addition, the Sichuan Basin, located in the eastern monsoon region, is also a "cornucopia". Chengdu Plain in Sichuan Basin has a warm and humid climate, which is very suitable for agricultural production. It has been called "Land of Abundance" since ancient times.
Qarhan Salt Lake in Qaidam Basin
Up to now, there are more than 200 kinds and more than 50 kinds of proven mineral deposits in Qaidam Basin. Among them; Aluminum, zinc, borax, oil and salt are particularly rich in reserves. Salt can reach more than 60 billion tons.
Qaidam basin is one of the three inland basins in China, and it is a closed giant intermountain fault basin. Located in the northwest of Qinghai Province. Surrounded by Kunlun Mountain, Qilian Mountain and Altun Mountain, it covers an area of 257,800 square kilometers. "Qaidam" is a Mongolian language, which means "salt ze". Qaidam basin is the highest basin in the world, with an average elevation of about 3000 meters.
The topography of Qaidam Basin is complex and diverse, with mountains, hills, basins, river valleys and lakes distributed alternately, forming a unique natural environment. In addition, the sparse population has created favorable conditions for the survival and reproduction of wild animals. The Qaidam Basin is one of the key protected areas of wild animals in our province, with 96 species of wild animals, including more than 30 species of national first-class and second-class protected animals. The main waterfowl are black-necked cranes, swans, striped geese and red-dot ducks. Mammals include wild camels, wild yaks, wild donkeys, Tibetan antelopes, white-lipped deer, red deer, argali, rock sheep, Tibetan gazelle, goose-throated antelope and other rare wild animals. In addition, there are snow leopards and lynxes. In Qilian Mountain and Kunlun Mountain, wild birds include stone pheasant and snow pheasant.
Qaidam basin is called "cornucopia". There are 57 kinds of minerals with proven reserves in Quanzhou, with 28 1, including 72 large-scale minerals and 6 1 medium-sized minerals. The main minerals are petroleum, natural gas, coal, crude salt, potassium, boron, lithium, magnesium, strontium, bromine, iodine, mirabilite, natural sulfur, chromium, lead and zinc, gold, silver, asbestos and limestone. Among them, crude salt, potassium, magnesium, lithium, strontium, asbestos, mirabilite and other mineral reserves rank first in the country, while bromine and boron. Mineral resources are characterized by large reserves, high grade, complete types, concentrated distribution and good resource combination.
The Qaidam Basin is rich in salt lake resources. At present, more than 70 salt lake deposits (spots) have been discovered in * * *, and the ore-bearing area of salt lake area has been proved to be more than 30,000 square kilometers, with a total proven reserve of 379.9 billion tons. According to the preliminary exploration results, the salt reserves in Qaidam Basin are more than 60 billion tons, accounting for more than half of the proven reserves in China. It is not only the highest salt mine in China, but also the highest salt mine in the world. These salts can build a salt bridge 6 meters thick and 12 meters wide between the earth and the moon, which can be eaten by people all over the world for 2000 years. The lithium content in the brine of Dongtai Jinaier Lake and Yiliping Salt Lake is 10 times higher than that of similar salt lakes in the United States, and 50 times higher than its industrial exploitation grade. Among them, the proven reserves of sodium salt are more than 53 billion tons; The proven reserves of boron are more than 1 1 10,000 tons, accounting for half of the total reserves in China; The proven reserves of magnesium chloride are about 2 billion tons. Therefore, the Qaidam Basin is also called "the world of salt".
In Qaidam basin, J is a cornucopia, which concentrates all the vast oceans in the basin.
As early as 280 million years ago in the early Permian geological era, it used to be a rough ocean. By 240 million years ago, the Indian plate was constantly squeezing towards the Asian plate, and the Qinghai-Tibet block was constantly uplifting. The three inland basins in China-Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Qaidam Basin-were born at the junction of the newly-born Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the former Asian continent.
The Qaidam Basin is surrounded by Kunlun Mountain, Qilian Mountain and Altun Mountain, and finally forms a closed huge intermountain fault basin. Huge closed basin, treasures from all directions are packed in bags and presented to future generations.
1. Salt mine cornucopia. "Qaidam" means "vast land" or "salt marsh" in Mongolian. Because it is located in the hinterland of Asia, it is difficult to reach the distant Pacific water vapor and the Indian Ocean water vapor blocked by the Himalayas. The "Tianchi" on this plateau immediately became a natural seawater concentration pool. And gradually make the total salt reserves of this seawater saltworks as high as13.2 billion tons. In Chaerhan Salt Lake, Keke Salt Lake and Kunteyi Salt Lake, the average thickness of salt layer is 4 ~ 8m, and the thickest part is 60m.
In addition, the Qaidam Basin is also rich in other chemical elements, such as salt, boron, potassium, magnesium, lithium, rubidium, bromine, iodine, strontium, cesium, gypsum, mirabilite and trona.
2. Oil and gas cornucopia. The long crustal movement created the Qaidam basin and created favorable conditions for the formation of oil. Since 1947, oil sands with the thickness of 150m have been discovered in the west of Qaidam Basin, which became one of the four major oil fields in China in 1960, and Qaidam Basin has gained a firm foothold in China Oilfield. The oil and gas resources in Qaidam Basin increased from 65.438+0.58 billion tons in the second resource evaluation to 7.03 billion tons in the fourth resource evaluation.
3. Humanities bonsai. Ya Dan landform is a unique landscape bonsai in Qaidam Basin.
"Ya Dan" means "steep hill", "wind erosion forest" and "sand stone forest" in Uygur language. It is a kind of Xiangtu-shaped river and lake sediment. Under the dry belt, it has undergone weathering, intermittent flowing water erosion and wind erosion, forming a peculiar wind erosion landform parallel to the prevailing wind direction, with wind erosion hills and wind erosion depressions alternately arranged.
Most people will describe Ya Dan as a "ghost town", but the scale of Ya Dan in Qaidam Basin is beyond the description of "ghost town". Its huge scale and dense Ya Dan group make it more like the "alien world" where aliens live. It is also a unique "different world" in China.
On a Gobi desert in Qaidam basin, there is also a rare natural wonder, a hill about 2 kilometers long. Covered by the thin saline-alkali soil on its surface, there is a shell accumulation layer of Claphabranchia and Gastropoda with a thickness of more than 20 meters. It is the largest paleontological stratum discovered so far in the inland basin of China, and is called shell beam.
Rich mineral deposits, huge oil and gas reserves, beautiful natural landscape, high-quality Tibetan medicine resources and basin-shaped terrain. It is most appropriate to say that Qaidam is a cornucopia. Why is Chaidamu Basin called cornucopia? Why is Chaidamu Basin called cornucopia?
Qaidam basin is located between Altun Mountain, Qilian Mountain and Kunlun Mountain, covering an area of about 200,000 square kilometers. The surrounding mountains are four or five kilometers above sea level, and the basin bottom is 2600,3000 meters above sea level. It is the highest inland basin in China. Qaidam basin is an ancient landmass, which was a big lake basin tens of millions of years ago. The original climate was much warmer and wetter than it is now, with the accumulation of lush life and biological debris, which gradually produced oil and coal. Later, the climate dried up and the lake evaporated, forming rich minerals such as salt, potassium salt and gypsum. Now, the oil in Lenghu, the coal in You Xiang, the salt and potassium salt in Chaerhan have all been mined, and the largest fertilizer plant in China has also been built in Chaerhan.
There are many salt-producing areas in Qaidam Basin, with more than 0/00 large and small salt lakes. Chaerhan Salt Lake is located in the abdomen of Qaidam Basin, with a salt storage capacity of 25 billion tons. There is a thick and hard salt cover on the surface of the salt lake, and the thickest part of the salt cover is15m. The 32-kilometer-long subgrade of the railway passing through Chaerhan Salt Lake is paved on the salt cover. When the road surface is damaged, road maintenance workers use the brine in the salt pit to repair it. In Qaidam, many houses are built with salt blocks, and even the airport is paved with salt blocks. Qaidam is a world of salt. No wonder in Mongolian, Qaidam means "salt ze". Chaidamu is sandwiched between mountains, with strong crustal activity and many faults and magmatic activities.
Therefore, in addition to oil, coal and salt deposits, there are asbestos and various metal deposits related to magmatic activities. Qaidam is rich in resources and is worthy of the reputation of "cornucopia".
Comment on the scientific story of why Qaidam Basin is called cornucopia: Qaidam Basin is a plateau basin, located in the northwest of Qinghai Province, and it is a closed basin surrounded by Kunlun Mountain, Altun Mountain and Qilian Mountain. The basin is slightly triangular, about 800 kilometers long from east to west and 300 kilometers wide from north to south, covering an area of 257,768 square kilometers. It is one of the three inland basins in China. Although the Qaidam Basin is a cornucopia, mining is a long and arduous process due to the terrain.
The salt content, abundant resources, high wheat yield, animal husbandry base and industrial base are all crude oil production bases, which are sunny and suitable. The cornucopia of Shilin stone and the cornucopia of Chongqing (Chengdu is the cornucopia of China) are a wonderful flower. ...
From the salt content, abundant resources, high wheat yield, animal husbandry base and industrial base, these are all crude oil production bases. If the sunshine is suitable, check the information yourself.
There are oil, natural gas, coal, non-ferrous metals, salt and other minerals! A large number of swamps, lakes, deserts and Ya Dan landforms can develop tourism.