The development of history
Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the father of our country, once commented on Nanjing: Nanjing is the ancient capital of China, before Beijing. Its location is in a beautiful area. Its land includes mountains, deep waters and plains. It's hard to find such a beautiful place in a world metropolis. Historically, Nanjing has benefited and suffered from its unique geographical location and extraordinary geomantic scenery. In the past, Nanjing suffered many military disasters, but it also rebuilt its prosperity from the ruins many times. When China was occupied by foreigners and the Han nationality was about to suffer extinction, the Han nationality usually chose Nanjing to recuperate and aspire to the Northern Expedition and restore China. Daming and the success of the second Northern Expedition in the Republic of China; In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xiao Liang and Liu Song were defeated in the Northern Expedition. At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, ministers unanimously agreed to take Jiankang as the capital and restore the Central Plains. To their regret, Song Gaozong had no intention of the Northern Expedition, but was forced by public opinion to make Jinling its capital. Even if the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom takes Nanjing as its capital, it is one of the mobilization bases and legitimacy to expel alien rule. Therefore, Nanjing is regarded as the revival place of the Han nationality and has a special position and value in the history of China. Therefore, after comparing the four ancient capitals of Chang 'an, Luoyang, Jinling and Yanjing, Mr. Zhu Dai said: "These four metropolitan cities are rich in literature, handsome in people, beautiful in mountains and rivers and magnificent in weather, which is closely related to the national crisis, especially Jinling." During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Nanjing was located at the "Chu Wei of the Wu Dynasty", where the State of Wu set up a smelting city. In 472 BC, after Gou Jian destroyed Wu, the King of Yue ordered him to build a "Yuecheng" on the Qinhuai River. In 306 BC, Chu Weiwang built a city on the Stone Mountain and established Jinling City. In 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang changed Jinling to Moling. In the early Han Dynasty, Moling was the fief of Han Xin, the king of Chu, and Liu Bi, the king of Wu. 128 ago, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty granted his son Wei Liu Molinggong. Sky Outline of Nanjing, the Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties
2 1 1 year, Sun Quan moved from Jingkou to Moling and changed his name to Jianye. In 229, Sun Quan called Wu Dadi, which has been the capital of Jianye since Wuchang. In 280, the Western Jin Dynasty wiped out Wu, and the reconstruction industry was Jianye. Later, in order to avoid the Jin emperor Sima Ye, it was renamed Jiankang. In 3 17, Si Marui acceded to the throne, which was the capital of Jiankang for the formal establishment of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty and Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 420, Song Wudi proclaimed himself emperor and established Song Liguo and Jiankang. In 479, Xiao Daocheng proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Song Dynasty, established Qi State, and built its capital and health. In 502, Daiqi proclaimed himself emperor, and Liang and Jian Kang were the capital. In 557, Dai Liang, Jian Kang proclaimed himself emperor. Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen were also called the Six Dynasties, so Nanjing was called the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. Today, Nanjing Library retains the ruins of Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties. Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties was the largest city in the world at that time with a population of one million. Developed economy and prosperous culture have preserved the ancient Chinese culture in the south of the Yangtze River. Jinling Feelings In 589 AD, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty took Shitou Town as Jiangzhou, which was changed to Danyang County in Yang Di during the Sui Dynasty. Since then, the rulers of Sui and Tang Dynasties moved Yangzhou from Jinling to Guangling, and once cancelled the establishment of Nanjing State. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Du and Fu owned the rebels to occupy Danyang County, surrendered to the Tang Dynasty, and changed Danyang into a naturalized place in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu rose up and established the Song regime. Jiangnan, Tang Ping, is a rising country. In the Five Dynasties, Yang Wu and Guo Li built Jinling, thinking it was the western capital. In 937, Xu Zhimo (Li Bian) replaced Wu, founded the country in Nantang, made Jinling its capital, and changed Jinling House to jiangning house. In 975, the capital of Jiankang was established, the Northern Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Tang Dynasty, and jiangning house was promoted to the state. 10 18, Song Zhenzong took Zhao Zhen as the king, and soon became the crown prince, and the country name was changed to jiangning house. 1 127 years, Song Gaozong acceded to the throne and changed jiangning house to Jiankang House as the east capital. Shortly after the nomads from the south, the emperor fled south and arrived in Hangzhou. 1 138, Song Gaozong fled south to Hangzhou again, officially established its capital, and changed Hangzhou to Lin 'an Prefecture. Jiankang House is the capital. 1275, Yuan soldiers went south, taking Jiankang House as Jiankang. 1329, Kangjian was rebuilt as. In Kaicheng 1356, Zhu Yuanzhang conquered Qing Ji and changed Qing Ji Road to Yingtianfu. As a base, Zhu Yuanzhang called himself Wu Guogong. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian. "The mountains and rivers have the land of China, and the sun and the moon reopen the Great Song Day." Therefore, the name of this country is Ming, and this is Ming Taizu. Take Yingtianfu as Nanjing, think of it as the capital, and Kaifeng as Beijing, thinking of staying in the capital. /kloc-stopped in Beijing in 0/378 and changed Nanjing as the capital. 1403, Beiping, Ming Sheng was named Beijing, thinking that he would stay in Beijing. /kloc-at the end of 0/420, Ming Chengzu moved to Beijing with its capital in Nanjing. Zhu Yousong, the axe king, ascended the throne in Nanjing on 1644. 1645, the Qing army conquered Nanjing. Change South Zhili to jiangnan province, and Yingtianfu to jiangning house. 1649, Jiangning established the Governor of Liangjiang. 1853, the Taiping army conquered Jiangning and changed Jiangning to Tianjing, thinking that it was the capital. Build the Taiping Heavenly Palace near today's presidential palace. 1864, the Qing army conquered Tianjing, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom perished. Overlooking Xuanwu Hunan capital (part)
19 12, Sun Yat-sen became the interim president of the Republic of China in Nanjing, which is the capital of China. 1927, the Northern Expeditionary Army conquered Nanjing. Soon, the Nanjing National Government was established. On September 1937 and 19, Gu, commander of Japan's Third Fleet, ordered the indiscriminate bombing of Nanjing and others. 65438+February 65438+March, the Japanese army occupied Nanjing, followed by a bloody massacre in Nanjing for half a year. In the worst six weeks of atrocities, * * * killed more than 300,000 compatriots and 1 10,000 women in rape 2, which is known as the "Nanjing Massacre" in history. Rebirth of the Old Capital1949 On April 23-24, the China People's Liberation Army occupied Nanjing and established the Nanjing Municipal People's Government. After 1949, Nanjing was first a municipality directly under the central government. 1952 Jiangsu Province was restored, and Nanjing was reduced to a provincial city, which is the capital of Jiangsu Province. 1990 Nanjing was designated as a city under separate state planning, and 1994 the provincial capital city was abolished. The Central Organization Establishment Committee of the State Council has determined that the administrative level of Nanjing is sub-provincial.
Architectural evolution
The name and establishment time of the dynasty belong to the level of local government.
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, in 472, there was no State of Wu and no city.
In 333 years before Jinling City in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there was no Wu Yuechu in the nameless city.
Qinmoling County/Danyang County/Jiangcheng County 2 10 Qianmolingguan/Yang Xiaodan/Qixiashan County without Huiji County.
Moling County/Danyang County/Jiangcheng County/Hushu County in the Western Han Dynasty; Molingguan/Yang Xiaodan/Qixia Mountain/Hushu Town and County in the first 202 years; Not in Danyang County, Yangzhou.
In the 25th year of Eastern Han Dynasty, Moling County/Danyang County/Jiangcheng County/Hushu County Molingguan/Yang Xiaodan/Qixia Mountain/Hushu Town County Yangzhou has no Danyang County.
Yangzhou, Wu 2 1 1 Danyang, Jianye, provincial capital Danyang, Huiji, County, Lujiang, Luling, Poyang, Xindu, Linchuan, Linhai, Jian 'an, Xing Wu, Dongyang, Piling, and all counties south of Luling.
In 282 of the Western Jin Dynasty, Danyang County in Jianye County was 3 13 years, Jiankang County (namely Jiankang County), Moling County, Linjiang County (namely Jiangning County), Danyang County, Hushu County, Jiangcheng County, Tangyi County and the central counties under the jurisdiction of Yangzhou.
Yangzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty 3 16 Jiankang County, Danyang County, Jiankang County, Moling County, Jiangning County, Danyang County, Hushu County, Jiangcheng County, Tangyi County and the central counties under the jurisdiction of Yangzhou.
In the 420th year of Yangzhou in the Song Dynasty, Danyang County, the capital of Jiankang County, was the center of Danyang County (under the jurisdiction of Jiankang County, Moling County, Danyang County, Jiangning County and Hushu County) and Nanlangya County (under the jurisdiction of Yang Du County and Feixian County, namely Qiu County, Linyi County and Jiangcheng County).
In 479, Danyang County, the capital of Jiankang County, was located in Qi Yangzhou (under the jurisdiction of Jiankang County, Liling County, Danyang County, Jiangning County and Hushu County) and Nanlangya County Center (under the jurisdiction of Linyi County and Jiangcheng County).
In 502, Jiankang County, Danyang County, Yangzhou, Liang (under the jurisdiction of Jiankang County, Liling County and County), Langya County (under the jurisdiction of Feixian County, Linyi County and Jiangcheng County) and Nandanyang County (under the jurisdiction of Jiangning County and Danyang County).
In 557, Danyang County, Chen Yangzhou, the capital of Jiankang County, was the center of Jianxing County (Jiangcheng County, Linyi County, Xia Tong County, Hushu County, Jian 'an County and Wushan County) and Danyang County (Jiankang County, Moling County, Jiangning County, Danyang County and Feixian County).
Sui belonged to Jiangzhou and Danyang counties in 589, and to Shicheng, Jiangning and Lishui counties in 607.
In 624, Tang Shengfu established Shangyuan County (Jiangning County), Lishui County, Liyang County, Jurong County, Jiangnan Road and Jiangnan East Road.
In 902, Vu Thang County, Jinling County (West Capital), Shangyuan County, Jiangning County, Lishui County and Jurong County.
Jinling House in Southern Tang Dynasty is located in the center of Shangyuan County, Jiangning County and Lishui County, and was the capital of Shangyuan County in Jiangning House in 937.
Shengzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty, Shangyuan County, Shangyuan County, Jiangning County, Lishui County, Liyang County, Jurong County, Jiangnan Road and Jiangnan East Road in 975.
Jiankangfu in Southern Song Dynasty 1 127 Shangyuan County, Shangyuan County, Jiangning County, Lishui County, Liyang County and Jiangnan East Road in Jurong County.
Yuanhangfu, Jiankang Road, Qing Ji Road, Yingtianfu 1277, 1329, 1356 Shangyuan County/Lushangyuan County, Jiangning County, Jurong County, Lishui Prefecture, Liyang Prefecture, Jianghuai Province, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province.
Nanjing, the capital of Nanjing in Ming Dynasty, 1368, 1378, 142 1 years ago, Shangyuan County, Jiangning County, Lishui County, Jurong County, Liyang County, Jiangpu County, Liuhe County, Gaochun County, and Nanzhi Bureau States and counties.
Nanming Nanjing 1644 Shangyuan County, Jiangning County, Lishui County, Jurong County, Liyang County, Jiangpu County, Liuhe County and Gaochun County, the capital of Shangyuan County.
Shangyuan County in jiangning house 1645 in Qing Dynasty: Shangyuan County, Jiangning County, Lishui County, Jurong County, Liyang County, Jiangpu County, Liuhe County and Gaochun County in jiangnan province, Jiangsu Province.
Tianjing of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 1853 Jiangning County, the capital of Jiangning County (Jiangning County, Jurong County, Lishui County, Gaochun County, Liuhe County and Shangyuan County), Zhenjiang County (Dantu County, Danyang County, Jintan County and Liyang County) and Yangzhou County (Jiangdu County, Yizheng County and Ganquan County) Tianjing Province (i.e.
Republic of China Nanjing House, Jinling Road, Nanjing, Nanjing Special City, Nanjing municipality, provincial capital city 19 12, 1927, 1930 Jiangning County, Jiangning County, Jiangpu County, Liuhe County, Gaochun County, Lishui County and Liyang.
People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * Nanjing 1949, 1953, 1989 and 1994 are municipalities directly under the central government, cities under the provincial jurisdiction and cities under separate state planning in Xuanwu District, and sub-provincial cities are Xuanwu District, Gulou District, baixia district, Qinhuai District, jianye district and Xiaguan District.