One of the 16 states in Germany. Rheinland-Pfalz is a state in western Germany. Most of the area is west of the Rhine River, bordering Belgium, Luxembourg and France to the west. It covers an area of ??1,9845.8 square kilometers. Population: 3.633 million (1983). The capital is Mainz. The whole area consists of the Rhine Valley and the plateau, with an altitude of 450-750 meters and a southwest-northeast direction. Winters are cold, summers are cool, and rainfall is abundant. The highlands are dominated by grasslands and forests. Raise cattle, sheep and develop the dairy industry. It is rich in wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits and grapes. White wine production accounts for a quarter of the country. The most important industry is chemical industry, followed by machinery, textiles, furniture, shoemaking, brewing and other sectors. Basic introduction Chinese name: Rhineland-Palatinate Foreign name: Rheinland-Pfalz Area: 1,9845.8 square kilometers Population: 3.633 million Basic information, geographical location, historical evolution, administrative divisions, municipalities, counties, Rhine River, characteristics, Mainz, the capital, basic introduction, historical origin, basic information Country Germany NTUS District DEB Capital Mainz Governor Kurt Beck (Social Democratic Party) Ruling Party Social Democratic Party Total area 19,847 km² (7,663 mi²) Total population 4,053,000 people (2006/ 11) Population density 204/km² (529 people/mi²) Time zone Central European Time (UTC+1) Summer Time Central European Summer Time (UTC+2) Rhine-Palatinate (German: Rheinland-Pfalz) is the German Confederation A state of the Republic of China, located in the middle reaches of the Rhine River in southwestern Germany. The entire territory is composed of the Rhine Territory of the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Rhine and the Pfalz Territory of the Kingdom of Bavaria in the 19th century, with its capital being Mainz. Geographic location Rheinland-Pfalz is located in western Germany, bordering Belgium and Luxembourg to the west and France to the south. The state has three administrative regions and governs 12 cities and 24 counties. Rhineland-Palatinate Historical evolution The earliest Palatinate territory was Lorraine-Palatinate, which existed since the 10th century. In the 11th century, Lorraine-Palatinate was ruled by the Ezzo family, lords of many county lands on both sides of the Rhine. The House of Ezzo died out around 1085, and the military importance of the Palatinate declined, its status being replaced by a county under it, the "Rhine-Palatinate". Rhineland-Palatinate At the beginning of the 13th century, Rhineland-Palatinate was ruled by the Bavarian dukes of the Wittelsbach family, which was itself a Palatinate. In 1294, the descendants of Louis II, Duke of Upper Bavaria, divided up the territory of the Wittelsbach family, and the long branch obtained the Rhine-Palatinate and Upper Bavaria (so Upper Bavaria was also called "Upper Palatinate", Rhine-Palatinate is "Lower Palatinate"). After the Golden Edict was promulgated in 1356, the Count of Rhine-Palatinate was included among the seven electors and was called the "Elector of the Palatinate". As a result of the continuous division of territory among descendants, the Wittelsbach family was divided into ruling Westmorn, Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken (the above in the Rhine-Palatinate territory) and Several branches that ruled Neuburg and Sulzbach (the above are in Bavaria). The Palatinate Elector family, with Heidelberg as its political center, converted to Lutheranism in the 1530s. After the eldest branch of the family that inherited the title of elector died in 1559, Frederick III of the West Morne branch became the elector. This man was a staunch Calvinist. Rhineland-Palatinate Frederick III's grandson Frederick IV and his advisor Christian of Anhalt were the main founders of the Protestant Union in 1608. In 1619, Elector Frederick V accepted the throne of Bohemia, as a result, after the defeat at the Battle of White Mountain (1620), he was deprived of the electorate by Emperor Ferdinand II, and the title was given to The emperor's supporter, Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria, who also belonged to the Wittelsbach family.
After the signing of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Frederick V's son Carl I Ludwig regained the title of Elector of the Lower Palatinate, but the title of Elector of the Upper Palatinate (i.e. Bavaria) and the main The office of electorate was still held by Maximilian's branch. In 1685, the West Morn branch died out, and the title of elector was inherited by the Neuburg branch. They moved the elector's residence from Heidelberg to Mannheim. The Neuburg branch also died out in 1742, and members of the Sulzbach branch inherited the Palatinate, and later inherited Bavaria after the Bavarian branch died out (1777). In 1799, all the Wittelsbach family's territories were finally unified. The left bank part of the Palatinate was occupied and annexed by France during the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, and its right bank part was transferred to the Count of Baden. At the Congress of Vienna in 1814-1815, the left bank part of the Palatinate was returned to the Wittelsbach family and became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816. After World War I the entire Palatinate remained part of Bavaria and was not separated from the state of Rhineland-Palatinate until the end of World War II. Municipalities Frankenthal, Kaiserslautern, Rhineland-Palatinate, Koblenz, Landau, Ludwigshafen, Mainz, Neustadt, Pirmasens City of Pyle, City of Worms, City of Zweibrücken, County of Aarweiler, County of Altenkirchen, County of Altzei-Worms, County of Bad Dickheim, County of Bad Kreuz, Rhineland-Palatinate County Zynach Bernkastel-Wittlich County Birkenfeld County Cochem-Zell County Donnersberg County Bitburg-Prümm Eifel County Germersheim County Kaiserslautern County Kussel County Mainz-Bingen County Mainz-Koblenz County Neuwied County Rhine-Hunsrück County Rhineland-Palatinate state flag Rhine-Lahn County Rhine -Palatinate County South Weinstrasse County Southwest Palatinate County Trier-Saarburg County Eifel County Westerwald County Rhine River The Rhine River in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate With a length of 290 kilometers, the Rhine River in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the most picturesque places in Germany and is the Rhine Valley between Bingen and Bonn. Features Rhineland-Palatinate is located in western Germany, bordering Belgium and Luxembourg to the west and France to the south. The state has three administrative regions and governs 12 cities and 24 counties. Rhineland means the land along the Rhine River. The Palatinate, known as Palatine in English, means the feudal nobles who enjoy royal power in the territory. It was originally used for the attendants and guards of the Roman emperor's palace. In the Middle Ages, it became a number of official positions among the Germanic peoples. The most important of them was the Count Palatine, who was the court affairs officer and monarch's court judge during the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties. From this office arose the Palatine countdom of the Rhineland. When Rhineland-Palatinate was founded in 1946, it was one of Germany's poorer states. The establishment of the European Union in 1957 brought a decisive turn for the state. It is no longer a peripheral state but a region at the heart of the European market. The state quickly developed from the "Beet State" to a prosperous economic region. Today, the state's economic level has reached a medium level, and its export rate has jumped to the top of the list. The main economic area is between the Rhine and Moselle rivers. BASF in Ludwigshafen is the largest chemical company in Europe. The pharmaceutical industry is very developed, so Ludwigshafen is called the "Chemical Capital". In addition, the state's machinery manufacturing, shoemaking and other industries also have certain advantages. Agriculture has always played an important role here, with agricultural land accounting for about half of the total area, mainly producing cereals, sugar beets and potatoes. The highlands are mainly grassland, raising cattle and sheep, and developing the dairy industry. Fruit tobacco is grown in river valleys. The grape harvests in the Palatinate, the Rhine, the Moselle and the Aare account for 2/3 of the German grape harvest. The wine produced here is famous far and wide for its mellow and intoxicating aroma. The Rhine River is 290 kilometers long in Rhineland-Palatinate and forms the economic artery of the state. Ludwigshafen, the capital Mainz and Koblenz, which is centered on the service industry, are here. German Television 2 (ZDF) and Radio and Television Satellite 1 (SAT.1) are both located in Mainz, the state capital. One of the most picturesque places in Germany is the Rhine Valley between Bingen and Bonn.
Countless poets, painters, and musicians have filled this river valley dotted with ancient castles with magical color. The volcanic rocks of the moderate mountain ranges trigger many mineral springs. Germany's "Wine Route" (Weinstrasse) passes beside the Palatinate Forest. The state's many beautiful scenery attracts a large number of tourists all year round to visit, vacation and recuperate. Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the oldest cultural and historical regions in Central Europe. The Rhine River was once the place where Celts, Romans, Burgundians and Franks lived. On the banks of the Rhine, in Speyer, Worms and Mainz stand many of the great imperial cathedrals built in the Middle Ages. Germany's oldest synagogue (Roman style, built in 1034) is located in Worms. The ancient city of Trier is the birthplace of Karl Marx. Rhineland-Pfalz state emblem and capital Mainz Basic introduction Mainz is the capital of the Rhineland-Pfalz state in Mainz, Germany. Mainz is one of the five main centers of Rhineland-Palatinate. Together with Wiesbaden, the capital of Hesse across the river, they form a twin city (Twin Cities). This can be said to be the heart of Germany, where the Main and Rhine rivers meet. Rhineland-Palatinate was established in 1946 by the French military government after the end of World War II. It is made up of parts that have never been united before: parts of the Rhineland in Prussia, the left bank of the Rhine in Hesse, and the Bavarian state of Palatinate. The earth began to acquire the same temperament of its own. The most beautiful section of the Rhine River in Germany, known as the "Father River", begins in Mainz. A city has its own temperament. From a certain perspective, Mainz is a city that played an important role in promoting the entire European civilization. This is because printing in Europe was invented by Johann Gutten, who was born in Mainz. Therefore, Metz is also called the Gutenberg City (die gutenberger stadt). Therefore, in Mainz, which has a population of only 250,000, Gutenberg is the symbol of the city. Of course, it's not just this. Historical origins Mainz is an ancient city that was already very famous as early as the Holy Roman Empire. It has a history of more than 2,000 years. The banks of the Rhine used to be the settlements of Celts, Romans, Burgundians and Frankfurters. In Speyer, Worms and Mainz stand the huge Emperor's Cathedral built in the Middle Ages. The cathedral in Mainz was built in AD 975. The architectural style is a combination of Romanesque and Gothic. Its six-tower building is also very rare in Germany. Together with Cologne Cathedral and Trier Cathedral, it is recognized as the three largest cathedrals in Germany. Mainz combines many characteristics of Germany: beauty in a small area, high-quality population, and German-style carnival. In Mainz, this favorite season is spring, because the bloom of spring on the Rhine is the most beautiful time of the year. Not to mention the Carnival in March. A leisurely stroll through the old town of Mainz, where you can see old houses and museums that span more than six centuries, is the most pleasant moment. Especially the old buildings near Kirschgarten are typical medieval wooden frame buildings (fachwerke), lined with white walls, which look particularly beautiful in the spring light. For me, a wine fan, Mainz in the Rhine Valley and Witzbaden opposite it are really my favorite places to stay. Because nearby is the region where the best wines in Germany are produced. Due to the cold climate, Germany mainly produces white wine. Most of the wines are made from a single variety of grapes. The most famous and well-known among our people is Riesling. At that time, the Germans introduced this grape variety to Yantai, China. This is the historical origin of Changyu wine. The Rhine passes through Rheinpfalz and Rheinhessen from south to north, and suddenly turns a 90-degree turn near Mainz and flows westward, unexpectedly providing this piece of southwest After 30 kilometers, it turns north again near Bingen and enters the narrowest canyon of the Rhine River. This sunny slope is the famous Rheingau, which is still Germany's top wine producing area. Its status in Germany is like Bordeaux's status in France. As early as six centuries ago, the Rheingau was famous throughout Europe for producing high-quality wine.
In particular, some of the best wineries in the region have maintained top quality for so many centuries. When the weather is nice, my favorite thing to do is start from Mainz with my colleagues and ride along the Rhine River. There are incredibly beautiful castles along the way, sometimes built on an oasis in the middle of the Rhine, like a fairy tale. Of course, we will stop at any time along the way and enter a famous winery, such as Schloss Rheinhartshausen, Winkel, to taste a 0.3L small glass, or buy some wine produced by the winery, which is the best white wine in the world. . In the evening, I like to find a hotel with beautiful lights on the bank of the Rhine River. In the gentle night breeze, accompanied by fine wine and beautiful scenery, I watch the night cover the surrounding vineyards bit by bit, and the Rhine River is rushing. Breathing, at this time, the feeling of peace is like a wall pressing down, which is the most fascinating daily life in my memory of Germany. Mainz