In social etiquette, communicate with people and ask "May I have your name, please?" (meaning to respect others), the other party will be modest: "free of charge, surname X". It means it doesn't need to be expensive, but in fact there was no such thing as "exemption" before the Qing Dynasty. Generally speaking, it means "dare not, the deceased student's surname is X", "young student's surname is X", "little boy's surname is X", "my surname is X", "Xiao Ke" and "younger brother".
For example, in A Dream of Red Mansions, Li Shier came to hold the hand of the bookstore and said, "What's your name?" The book says, "No, my surname is Zhan, and I have a single name."
"Water Margin" Shi Xiu said: "Dare not ask the names of the two officials?" Dai Zong said, "Xiaoke's surname is Dai, and my brother's surname is Yang."
"What's your name, sir?" Asked the scholar's third son. The man said, "The surname is Chen."
In Travel Notes of Lao Can: "What's your name? Where is the official, where is the post? " The woman said, "My surname is Tu." Waiting for the answer.
The statement of "your surname" first appeared in the map of Yongzheng swordsman published in modern times from 65438 to 0943. The old man smiled and said, "Dude, what's your last name?" "You're welcome. My boy's name is Liu Er. "
According to modern parlance, the surnames that need not be modest are Kong and Zhang.
As the saying goes: a thousand-year-old family has a hole in the south. "Confucius" naturally refers to Confucius (real name), while "Zhang" refers to the Zhang family on Longhushan Road. For thousands of years in China, no matter how the dynasties changed, only the hereditary duke feast and the ancient Shi Tian remained unchanged for thousands of years. But I don't think Zhang and Kong are free. It should be that these two families don't have to be free.
According to folklore, the jade emperor surnamed Zhang, James Zhang, and Zhang Bairen. Born on the ninth day of the first month. It is said that a long time ago, there was a country called Yan Guang Miaole. King Jingde and Queen Bao are old and childless. They are very upset, so they invite Taoist priests to hold a blessing activity. Half a year has passed, and my knees are still weak. One night, the queen suddenly dreamed that the old man and many gods descended from the sky with a red baby in their arms. The queen begged the old gentleman to give her the child. The old man smiled and agreed, and the queen accepted the baby with love. When she woke up, she felt pregnant. A year later, on the ninth day of the first month of the third year, the child was born and the house was full of lights.
This child is the later Jade Emperor.
In addition, during the Northern Song Zhenzong period, Emperor Zhenzong forged a dream god and named the Jade Emperor Tian Kai, the Jade Emperor, which included the real body, referred to as Jade Emperor God, Jade Emperor and Jade Emperor for short.
Since the emperor of heaven is Zhang, natural mortals can't say their surname is Zhang.
There's another Kong!
China has been a country of etiquette since ancient times. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, etiquette has collapsed, but there is a Confucius who helped the building collapse, practiced etiquette and advocated Confucianism. Since the Han Dynasty, the rulers have regarded respecting Confucius as a means of ruling thoughts, so the surname of Confucius is a very noble surname in history. Confucius is most particular about etiquette, and ancient society is also very particular about etiquette. People humbly call them "Wang and Sun", but only these two surnames can't be said to be free!
Kong is the most sacred teacher. In ancient society, it was disrespectful to say that Confucius was exempt from expensive.
Theoretically, although the surname of the emperor is not as noble as that of the jade emperor, in real life, the surname of the emperor is much more practical than that of the jade emperor. In ancient times, it was a great honor to give the country's surname (the emperor's surname). Therefore, it is a solemn and cautious thing to give the country a surname, and most people will not seal it. Only those who have made great contributions will enjoy it. Li, a famous soldier in the early Tang Dynasty and one of the twenty-four outstanding figures in Lingyange? Hey? Enthalpy? Hey? Pigs? α l, why don't you hire me? Fluorene store? Hey, Thorium, what's wrong with you? What's the problem? Hey? Sang? Tucao? Onion camphor? /p & gt；
Therefore, sharing the same surname with the emperor is very noble. If someone asks you, don't say it's free. Dare to say that the emperor's surname is not noble, or I will kill you.
Why Zhang? Because the jade emperor's surname is Zhang! The full name of the Jade Emperor is the Golden Que of Heaven and Heaven, which is supreme and natural. It is the real Milla of the Jade Emperor. In Taoist myths and legends, the Jade Emperor is the master of heaven and earth. There are many sayings about the name of the layman before the Jade Emperor became immortal. Some people say their names are Zhang Jian, others say they are Zhang Bairen, Zhang You and Zhang Youren. Anyway, whatever your name is, it's Zhang. Therefore, when someone asks your name, you can't say it's free, because Zhang is a surname of heaven, and saying that the surname of heaven is not noble is tantamount to disrespect for heaven and earth. The ancients were superstitious and afraid of punishment from heaven.
However, in the long river of China myth, the Jade Emperor was not the master of heaven and earth from the beginning. His rule began in the era of Song Zhenzong. Song Zhenzong gave a title to the Jade Emperor, saying, "The Emperor Tai holds the imperial calendar, which contains the real body of the Tian Yu Emperor.". He respects a very special god and is the leader of the gods in the sky. Therefore, before the Song Dynasty, Zhang's surname may also be said to be exempt from service.
Last name is not fixed. Then this surname is the imperial surname. In the long history of China, there were many dynasties and emperors who changed their surnames. Whenever a surname establishes a dynasty, all people with the same surname as the emperor in the world are exempt from expensive because they are national surnames. So the imperial surname is also a noble surname. It's just that the tables have turned. I don't know who I will go to this year.
Therefore, there were three surnames in ancient times, needless to say, free. They are Zhang, Kong and Huang. Today, feudal rulers no longer exist, so it goes without saying that exemption from service has become two surnames. So friends, if your surname is Kong or Zhang, then when someone asks you what your surname is, you just need to tell him that my surname is Kong (Zhang). Do it.