In the sixth year of Song Blessing (AD 1258), Huangping City was built in November and named Zhenyuan County, which was the beginning of Zhenyuan's name.
In the first year of Deyou (AD 1275), Zhenyuan was ordered to recruit envoys along streams and caves. In the 20th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1283), it was changed to general manager office, and in the second year (A.D. 1365), it was changed to an official office.
In the fourth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 137 1), it was changed to a state, in the eleventh year of Yongle (A.D. 14 12), it was Zhenyuan House, in the third year of orthodoxy (A.D. 1438), it was Gezhen Yuanzhou in May, and in the eleventh year of Hongzhi (A.D.)
In the 22nd year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (AD 1683), Wei was incorporated into the county.
In Xuantongyuan year (A.D. 1909), provinces and counties were directly under the jurisdiction of the government, and counties were restored in 19 13. Zhenyuan is known as "the hub of Yunnan and Chu and the gateway to eastern Guizhou". Shi yue: if you want to seize Yunnan and Chu, you must first occupy the town; If you want to get through Yunnan-Guizhou, you must first stay away from the town. Because it is located in the main traffic road, the terrain is dangerous and very important, so it is named. This is where the name Zhenyuan began.
Zhenyuan is an ancient Miao town with a long history. It belonged to Wuling County in the Western Han Dynasty. Yuanyang County was established in the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu. Zijiang County was established in Sui and Tang Dynasties. Song Gaozu established Zhenyuan County in the first year of Shaoxing. In the eighteenth year of Yuan Shizu Zhiyuan, Zhenyuan was appointed as the recruiting department of Yanhe Cave, and later changed to the General Administration of Military and Civilian Affairs. In the fifth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Zhenyuan House was relocated, belonging to Huguang. In the 11th year of Yongle, Zhenyuan House was established, belonging to Guizhou. Clear attack and clear system. In the early Republic of China, the town was far away.
1949 165438+ Zhenyuan1October 8, liberation, Zhenyuan Commissioner's office.
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture was established in 1956, and Zhenyuan is the capital of the autonomous prefecture.
1958, the state capital moved to Kaili, and the town was changed to county.
1986 is listed as a national historical and cultural city by the State Council.
Zhenyuan has been an important landing place since ancient times, and it is also the capital and the southwest border, as well as the shortcut and necessary place for gifts and messengers from Annan, Myanmar, Siam and India. It is called the "Southern Silk Road" leading to Tianjin. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty, marched into Guizhou, and the envoy of Guizhou Shuixi, Mrs. Ai Cui, was so extravagant that he sent people to offer cattle and sheep, grain and rice, blankets and other things to welcome Julian Waghann to Zhenyuan.
In the third year of Zheng De, the philosopher Wang Yangming was transferred to Luling, Jiangxi by a letter from Guizhou Academy. When he went to his post, he took the road of Zhenyuan, bought a boat and went out of Dongting from Wuyuan River under Wuyang River. In the Qing Dynasty, Myanmar Ambassador Zhi Xingzhi also passed Zhenyuan when he left office and returned home. This place is not only the political, economic, cultural center and transportation hub of eastern Guizhou, but also a military town that military strategists must contend for. In the early years of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, Zhou Ying, the magistrate of Zhenyuan, said, "If you want to communicate with Yunnan and Guizhou, you should guard Zhenyuan first.".
Lin Zexu, a famous patriotic star in the late Qing Dynasty who was all-powerful in Humen, passed Zhenyuan three times. In his poem "The Road to Zhenyuan", he described the magnificent mountains and rivers and the dangerous terrain here: "Two mountains and streams are evil, and autumn smoke cuts the foot of the mountain. Pedestrians shadow in the stream, and this body has not fallen. "
This ancient city with a long history of more than 2,000 years is located at the main road into Guizhou, with extremely rich tourism resources, numerous cultural relics and beautiful natural scenery. There are more than 50 ancient buildings such as buildings, pavilions, halls, palaces, temples, shrines and pavilions, 33 ancient dwellings, 0/2 ancient docks, 8 Gu Xiang and 5 ancient post roads. Among them, there are 1 national key cultural relics protection units and 7 provincial key cultural relics protection units.
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Folk culture and related folk customs in Zhenyuan ancient town
Zhenyuan Ancient Town is an ancient city that advocates landscapes, civilization, culture and harmony. For a long time, the Central Plains culture, local national culture and foreign culture have infiltrated and blended with each other here, forming a unique inclusive culture, which is known as the "maze of traditional culture", and the philosophical aphorisms and couplets left by Qinglong Cave can prove it.
At that time, local Peking Opera, Lantern Opera, River Lantern and social fire flourished, the military pattern of commerce and trade was reasonable, and the defense military system outside the city was natural, which reflected the military evolution process of "Wei Zhen is the top of the distant army" and "the end of Lijiang, Yunnan". Give full play to the role of dominating the former East Gate of China and the military fortress of the Southern Silk Road. Today, Zhenyuan people still maintain simple cultural traditions and customs.
Every year, various traditional folk activities are held, such as "March 3rd" and "September 9th". Among them, the Duanyang Dragon Boat Culture Festival, which originated in the Ming Dynasty, is extremely grand and prestigious with Wuyang River as the venue, fully demonstrating the quaint and gorgeous style of Wu, the "land of singing and dancing".
The prosperity of folk traditional activities reflects the economic and cultural prosperity of Zhenyuan. Zhenyuan is the birthplace of modern heavy industry in China. Qingxi Iron Works is the product of Zhang Zhidong and Li Hongzhang's "Westernization Movement". The "Tian Zi 1" steel ingot is still stored in Zhenyuan, where shipbuilding entered the Yangtze River. It is the traditional ancient post road of modern industry and the location of modern industry-Guizhou sake group. Zhenyuan ancient city has experienced thousands of years of vicissitudes, and its site has not changed so far, with a long ancient charm.
Zhenyuan ancient dwellings moved the prototype of the Central Plains quadrangle to the mountains and transformed it into various forms of villa-style courtyards such as mountain houses, hanging houses and cloisters. It not only reproduces the style of courtyard houses in the south of the Yangtze River, but also embodies the layout of mountain buildings. It is as tight as a fortress, and it also has the heroism of a big businessman.
These buildings are a perfect combination of wood and stone structures. There are finely carved flowers, fish and insects in small places, but there are unrestrained ones in large places. They are a true portrayal of people's life and work in the "Southwest Metropolis" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and also show the business philosophy of businessmen to obtain financial resources. The perfect combination of the south of the Yangtze River and the mountains makes Zhenyuan's folk houses a great miracle in the architectural history of China.
The most unique residential building in Zhenyuan is "crooked ways". All the doors opened in the alley will never be parallel or vertical to the alley, and the alley will never face the hall. But will deliberately turn the door to an angle, oblique to the so-called "evil" (oblique) road of the street. The old residents said that this "crooked" and "crooked" is according to Mr. Feng Shui's statement: "South is respect" is a stage of wealth, and "wealth does not show white."
Baidu encyclopedia-Zhenyuan ancient town