Yuexiu Mountain, located in the downtown area of Guangzhou, belongs to the remnant vein of Baiyun Mountain, stretching for about 3 miles from east to west, with an altitude of more than 70 meters. It consists of seven hills. "Yuexiu Bian Feng" ranks first among the eight scenic spots in Yangcheng. In ancient times, He Fan and Yushan were "the three great victories in Guangzhou".
As early as Nanyue, it has been turned into a scenic spot. Yuexiu Mountain, also known as Yuewangshan, is named after its main peak, Yuewangtai, near Yuejinggang. According to the unified annals of Daming, "Yuexiu Mountain is a little north of Fucheng, more than 20 feet high, with the former site of Yuewangtai on it. In the past, Zhao Tuo was made of mountains. " In the past, on the third day of March every year, Zhao Tuo, King of South Vietnam, would climb mountains here for entertainment and let singers dance lightly on the stage, so Yuewangtai was also called "Song and Dance Mountain". Zhao Tuo governed South Vietnam as a native of the Central Plains, communicated the cultures of the North and the South, safeguarded the peaceful reunification of the Han Dynasty, and won the love of the two peoples. Yang Wanli, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, sang after visiting the Wangtai: "The top of the banyan tree visits the ancient platform, overlooking the blue sea and Qiongbei. The King of Yue sang and danced in the spring breeze, and today the spring breeze comes alone. " Express condolences to Zhao Tuo. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Fang Xinru also recorded Yuewangtai in "A Hundred Odes to the South China Sea": "Qian Shan is full of water from the east, and its height is still 100 feet. Looking back at Lao Zhang, a cup is heavy and covered with moss. " During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Liu Yuan, a master of the Southern Han Dynasty, further developed Yuexiu Mountain, and ordered people to pave a climbing avenue with stones, named Hulu Temple, and planted Jin Ju and hibiscus on both sides of the avenue. Whenever the mountains are full of flowers, Liu Yuan will hold a banquet here with his ministers, so it is also called Youtai.
Wen Tianxiang, a national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty, was escorted northward by the Yuan Army and passed through Guangzhou, where he saw the high Yuewangtai. He couldn't help but write a poem in indignation; From the ancient poem "Yuexiu Spring Breeze Alone":
Board me, I will come to Chaos, I have been to Taiwan Province for a thousand years. Spring is dark with running water, and the tide returns to dusk. There are few pedestrians in Yanheng Ancient Road, and ghosts cry when the moon sets. Don't worry about being a prisoner of Chu. The old family sang and danced this royal cup.
The impassioned chanting of loyal ministers and righteous men made Yuexiu Mountain more and more famous. In the seventh year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1374), Yuexiu Mountain was further developed, and zhenhai tower was built by Hou Zhuliang, the ancestor of Yongjia, as "Li Weixiong was special, although Yellow Crane Yueyang couldn't cross it". In the first year of Yongle (1403), the viceroy commanded Huaying to build Guanyin Pavilion at the top of the mountain (hence the name "Guanyin Mountain" in Yuexiu Mountain) and built it in the middle of the mountain, making Yuexiu Mountain more beautiful.
Wuyang Stone Carving and Five Immortals View
A beautiful and lifelike modern Wuyang stone statue stands tall on the Muke Mountain in Yuexiu Mountain. This statue is 65,438+00 meters high and 53 cubic meters in volume. It is carved from 130 granite. In the middle of the statue is a ram, with an ear of rice in its mouth, its head held high to the south and its beard fluttering under its forehead; Surrounded by four lambs, lifelike, lifelike. As a symbol of Guangzhou, this beautiful sculpture attracted a large number of tourists to stop and take pictures as a souvenir.
Guangzhou, also known as "Five Yangcheng" and "Guangzhou City", originated from the legend that five immortals rode Guangzhou Ear Sheep. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Wuxian Temple was built in Shixianfang, now in front of Beijing Road Finance Office. Legend has it that the Five Immortals landed on a sheep and left it to the people of Guangzhou. Later, he moved to Yaozhou, West Lake, and moved to Poshan (now Poshan, Huifu West Road, Guangzhou) in the tenth year of Ming Hongwu (1377). There are five immortals and five sheep statues in the original scene, which are regarded as "Valley God" by local residents. There is the Hall of Great Heroes and the mountain gate, in front of which there is a pair of Kirin carved from red sand in Ming Dynasty. The main hall rests on the top of the mountain, with double eaves, three rooms wide and deep, and the plane is near. It is one of the few existing Ming Dynasty wooden structures in Guangzhou. Its arched structure is strewn at random, just like exquisite patterns, which shows the superb skills of ancient architectural art in China. There is a footprint-shaped cave in a native rock on the left side of the main hall, with water in it, commonly known as "immortal thumb print". It is said that this is a fairy footprint. So it is also called "Sui Cave". In the Ming Dynasty, "Cave in Sui Dynasty" was listed as one of the "Eight Scenes of Yangcheng". "Guangdong New Language" is recorded as follows: "There is plenty of clear water in the trace, although it is dry, it seems to have springs under it, but there are also differences." Behind the main hall is the "Lingnan First Building" built by Wang Guangyang, who participated in politics in the seventh year of Ming Hongwu (1374) and rebuilt in the Wanli period (1573- 1620). The building height is17.5m.. According to Guangdong Xinyu, it "has no walls on all sides, and the columns are all out of stone walls, so it's just a bell hanging." The clock is made of bronze and has a grand and solemn shape. The bell mouth has a diameter of 2. 10 m, a height of 3.04 m and a weight of about 5 tons. This is the largest existing bronze bell in Guangdong. According to the Records of Guangzhou Prefecture, this clock "has a sound of ten miles", which shows the superb skills of Guangzhou architects in the Ming Dynasty in applying acoustic principles. The clock is only used to report abnormal accidents such as fire alarm, and it is forbidden to knock at the door when there is nothing to do, so it is named "Forbidden Clock" and this building is also called "Forbidden Bell Tower". It is said that Zhu Liangzu made this clock to announce the dawn. Unfortunately, on the first day of the ringing, many people died in Henan. The superstitious Zhu Liangzu ordered that the bell should not ring again. How did the Great Forbidden Bell weighing 5 tons hang on the bell tower? It is said that after the bell was cast, Zhu Liangzu posted a notice that anyone who could hang the clock would be rewarded with 520 taels of silver. With the help of the fairy, a poor girl hung the forbidden bell with a slender vine. When Eight-Nation Alliance invaded the capital during Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, a foreign businessman heard about it and went to Guangzhou to buy a fine rattan and replaced it with an iron chain wall clock. On the way home by boat, foreign businessmen thought the rattan was too dirty, so they threw it into the river to wash it. As soon as Xiteng touched the water, he immediately turned into a dragon and jumped into the sea, which shocked a foreign businessman. It was a long time before he shrugged, shook his head and walked away.
The first floor of Wuling south
The most magnificent ancient building in Yuexiu Mountain is zhenhai tower, which is located in the north of Yuejinggang and stands on the top of Yuexiu Mountain. The building is five stories high, commonly known as "five stories". In the 13th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1380), when Hou Zhu Liangzu of Yongjia extended Guangzhou City, he built the building at the highest point of the North City Wall, which has been more than 600 years since. The building is 28 meters high, 3 1 m wide and 61m deep, with deep red and overlapping cornices. When you climb the building, you can see the panoramic view of the whole city, which has become an important symbol of Yuexiu Mountain and Guangzhou. Qu Dajun, one of the three outstanding figures in Lingnan in the early Qing Dynasty, once described the architectural landscape at that time: "It is a towering five-storied building, close to the platform and the wild goose wings, which can really strengthen the view of the three cities, and those who have built the Wuling Temple are also. ..... Seen from the sea, it looks like the breath of a dumpling fly, and the white clouds contain vomit, if there is something, if there is nothing. Sunny days are the crown of Yushan Mountain, and rainy days are like Kunlun Mountain. It won't flow, and it will be independent when it is out of the blue sky. Yellow crane Yueyang can't pass. " Known as "the first building in Wuling South" and "the first scenic spot in Lingnan", it attracted many literati and poets to sing praises. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Li Dihua, the adjutant of Peng Yulin, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, made a couplet, which is still hung on the pillar of a five-story building. The way is: "There are still thousands of robbed and dangerous buildings, and whoever fights with them will be arrogant; Five hundred years later, Hou An was there, which made me lean on the fence and see the sword, and shed tears on the hero! "
Guangdong, Guangzhou, Yuexiu Mountain and zhenhai tower.
It is said that Hou Zhu Liangzu of Yongjia is superstitious. When he chose Yuexiu Mountain to build a mansion, Mr. Feng Shui told him that there was an "emperor's breath" on the mountain. If it is allowed to rise, it will definitely endanger the Daming Kingdom. As a member of the royal family, Zhu Liangzu immediately expressed his loyalty to the court. After receiving the order, he built a building on the mountain "in the south" to suppress the "imperial spirit". In fact, the construction of zhenhai tower was related to the constant intrusion of pirates at sea in the early Ming Dynasty. When Chenghua was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang named it "zhenhai tower", which means "Xiongzhen Haijiang".
The forerunner of thinking in front of the hall
At the southern foot of Yuexiu Mountain, stands a magnificent palace-style building, which is the world-famous Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall. The death of Sun Yat-sen 1925 was built by the people of Guangzhou and overseas Chinese to commemorate this great pioneer of China's democratic revolution.
Sun Yat-sen, whose real name is Yixian, was born in Cuiheng Village, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province. After graduating from Hong Kong Medical University, under the guise of practicing medicine, he engaged in political activities to save the nation and survive in Macao and Guangzhou. 1894, Li Hongzhang's petition for improving politics was rejected, prompting him to realize that only revolutionary means can save China, so he went to Honolulu, USA to contact overseas Chinese and publicize the revolution, and established the earliest bourgeois revolutionary group in China-Zhong Xing Association. 1905, in Zhong Xing, the Japanese Association was unified with the Huaxing Association and the Guangfu Association to form the China League, and Sun Yat-sen was elected as the prime minister, which determined the bourgeois revolutionary program of "expelling the Tatars, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China, and sharing land equally". From 1906 to 19 10, nine armed uprisings were organized, which dealt a heavy blow to the Qing dynasty. 19 1 1 year, after Sun Yat-sen led the Wuchang Uprising (that is, the Revolution of 1911), he was elected as interim president by the 17 provincial congresses, and the Republic of China was temporarily established in Nanjing. Later, due to compromise with Yuan Shikai, he was forced to resign as interim president. After Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, Sun Yat-sen published Yuan Wen Gao, calling on the people to "have another revolution". The following year, Yuan Shikai was forced to cancel the monarchy. 19 17, Sun Yat-sen held a special meeting of the National Assembly in Guangzhou, formed a national defense army, was elected as a grand marshal, and swore the Northern Expedition. Later, he became a very big president in Guangdong. The first National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou from 65438 to 0924, which reinterpreted the Three People's Principles, developed them into new Three People's Principles, and implemented three major policies: uniting with Russia, uniting with * * * and helping the peasants and workers. The new Three People's Principles became the political basis for the first cooperation between the two parties. In June of the same year, Sun Yat-sen founded Guangzhou Huangpu Military Academy; 1 1 In June, Feng Yuxiang invited him to go north on business. He became seriously ill after arriving in Tianjin, and later went to Beijing. 1925 March 12 died in Beijing.
The location of the memorial hall was once the location of the presidential palace when Sun Yat-sen took office as the first president. Sitting north facing south, it covers an area of 6. 1 hectare, with a square plane and a building area of1.2000 square meters. The overall layout adopts the traditional style and modern design techniques of palace style, with the front double eaves resting on the top of the mountain, and the front, back, left and right four palace double eaves supporting the central octagonal pavilion. The whole building is magnificent, with rigorous layout and solemn momentum. The most amazing thing is that in this spacious hall, no pillar can hold more than 4700 seats with the suspended building. The original eight pillars were all hidden in the wall, and a huge steel truss was supported at the top of the pillars, forming a huge space. This is a miracle in the architectural history of China. The architect of this building is Lv Yanzhi, a native of Shandong. He tried to combine China's "highest ancient philosophical thought" with the latest western scientific methods, reflecting Sun Yat-sen's great thought of "practically solving people's life problems". Therefore, the traditional form of China is adopted in modeling, but the modern western architectural technology is boldly adopted in structure, so as to achieve the artistic beauty of combining Chinese and Western.
At the top of Yuexiu Mountain Mountain behind the memorial hall, there is also a monument, 37 meters high, with a square outside, and the monument body is all made of granite. The front of the stone tablet is about 7 meters high and 4 meters wide. It is engraved with the full text of Sun Yat-sen's will: "I devoted myself to the national revolution for forty years, aiming at seeking freedom and equality in China. After 40 years of experience, I know that in order to achieve this goal, we must arouse the people and unite the nations that treat me equally in the world. ……"
Sanyuangong Baogujing
Sanyuan Palace is located at the southern foot of Yuexiu Mountain. Its predecessor was Yuegang Courtyard, which was built in the second year of Daxing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 19). The whole Taoist temple is built on the mountain, and the terrain is magnificent. Its door couplet reads: "Three-yuan ancient style, Guangdong hundred famous mountains", which is the largest Taoist building in Guangzhou. There is a pair of couplets in the palace that can tell its victory: "The land is connected to Yushan, and the Beidou in Guangdong and Ming is high; The water welcomes the pearl, and the money ball road connects to the south. "
According to legend, the Yuegang Courtyard was built by Bao Liang, governor of the South China Sea in the Jin Dynasty. Bao Liang's words are too mysterious. He believes in Taoism. He regards Yuegangyuan as a place to cultivate self-cultivation. He is proficient in medicine and familiar with the method of "Shen Dan Autopsy". He once took Ge Hong as an apprentice, taught him medical skills and betrothed his daughter Bao Gu to him. Ge Hong and his wife * * * discuss Taoist teachings and are enthusiastic about practicing medicine to treat diseases for the masses. Bao Gu, also known as Qian Guang, was an acupuncture expert in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. She is good at moxibustion. In order to collect medicine and practice medicine, she traveled all over the South China Sea, Panyu, Huiyang and other places, and cured many people's diseases. People are very grateful to her and call her "Bao Xiangu". According to the historical records of Sanyuangong in Xiangshan, Guangdong Province, there are countless people living in Baogu, including Jing Quan and Hongjiao.
After Bao Gu's death, later generations built a temple in Yuexiu Mountain in memory of her, and a dragon ancient well she used was also preserved and named "Bao Gu Well". During the Wanli period and Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, Yuegang Courtyard was repeatedly expanded and renamed as "Sanyuan Palace". There are three emperors in the palace (namely, Emperor Yao, Shun Di and Yu) and three emperors (namely, celestial officials, local officials and water officials). There is also a temple in the palace that has been burning incense since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the ten-year catastrophe, the statue of Baogu was lost and the well of Baogu was filled.
Jiuyanzhaotuo well
In the Guangdong Science Museum in Yuexiu Mountain, there is an ancient well with a history of more than 2,000 years. It is said that Zhao Tuo dug it after the self-reliance of the South Vietnamese King in Guangzhou, and named it "Zhao Tuo Well". At that time, it was hundreds of feet deep and wide, and the well water was sweet. Among the wells in Guangzhou, this one is the oldest and has the best water quality. Legend has it that Zhao Tuo often drinks this well water, and his body is moist, and his life is over 100 years old, but his eyesight and hearing are still not declining. It is also said that this well was dug by Dharma. When Dharma first arrived in Guangzhou, he claimed that there was inexhaustible gold here, and the residents nearby believed it and dug around the clock. As a result, it took dozens of feet to dig out a clear spring. The residents were disappointed and called Dharma a liar. Dharma calmly replied, "Isn't this more precious than gold?" The crowd was silent. The well water in Guangzhou is salty and bitter, so you can't drink it. It is the only bitter well water, which is more precious than gold. "Annals of South Vietnam" said: "There is a Wang Yuejing at the foot of the mountain, which is more than 100 feet deep, and the cloud was carved by Wei Tuo. These wells are brine wells, but this is the only one. Yesterday, someone accidentally dropped a wine glass in this well, so it flowed out of Shimen. " According to this record, Zhao Tuo Well is connected with Shimen. Someone threw a cup into the well, but it emerged from Shimen, which is amazing.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Liu, the master of the Southern Han Dynasty who left Lingnan, drank this well water and called it "Yulong Spring". People were allowed to drink after the Southern Han Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty. Panyu ordered Ding Bogui to repair it. He put a big stone on the surface of the well as a manhole cover, and made nine holes in the stone, which allowed nine people to draw water at the same time, without winding the rope, and also reduced the debris from falling into the well. It is called "Nine-Eye Well". At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Shangkexi, the king of Pingnan, built a wall by the well and sent troops to guard it. Offenders are flogged 40 times.
Today, the stone tablet engraved with "Nine Ancient Wells" is intact. The well water is still more than 6 meters deep, but the stone cover has been damaged. The nearby "Qingquan Street" is named after the Qingquan in Yuewangjing.
Zhao Qiang Tomb of Nanyue King in Xianggang
Xianggang, 49.7 meters above sea level, is on the west side of Yuexiu Mountain Park, which was integrated with Yuexiu Mountain in ancient times. The Ming Dynasty dug roads in the valleys of two mountains. Since then, Xianggang has become an isolated hill. From June 65438 to June 0983, Zhao Kun's tomb, the second generation of Nanyue King in the early Western Han Dynasty, was excavated here, which was an important discovery of Lingnan archaeological work.
Nanyue State was a separatist regime in Lingnan in the early Western Han Dynasty, and its capital was located in Panyu (Guangzhou). The first generation of Nanyue King was Zhao Tuo from Zhengding (now Zhengding, Hebei). When Qin Shihuang destroyed the six countries and unified the world, Zhao Tuo was appointed as the Longchuan Order of Nanhai County. After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, he supported the army to divide Lingnan area and became the king of South Vietnam. In order to stabilize the South after the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang named Zhao Tuo as the King of South Vietnam, and he belonged to the Han Dynasty. The kingdom of South Vietnam spread from 1500 to 93. Among the cultural relics unearthed from the Han Tomb in Xianggang, there are Niu Longjin Xi engraved with "Emperor Wendi's Seal" and bronze cymbals engraved with "Emperor Wendi's Nine Years", which is enough to prove that the owner of the tomb is Zhao Kun, the grandson of Zhao Tuo, the second generation of Nanyue King.
Zhao Mei's tomb was built in the center of Hongkong. The vertical holes in the tomb pit are combined with digging holes. The stone mountain is split 20 meters, and a vertical hole with a plane like a "convex" shape is chiseled. Ear rooms are built on the east and west sides of the front end to imitate the shape of the front hall and the back bedroom, and a dungeon is built with sandstone boulders. The tomb is10.58m long from north to south and12.43m wide from east to west. It is divided into two parts, front and back, and seven rooms. The front part is the anterior chamber and the east and west ear chambers. The front room is equipped with tools, the top is covered with slate, and the top and four walls are painted with cirrus patterns of ink painting. There are gifts, music, wine vessels and royal vessels in the East Wing and the West Wing. The last four chambers are arranged in parallel, with a main chamber, an east chamber and a west chamber, and a rear storage chamber behind the main chamber. The coffin in the middle of the main room, the wood has rotted, and the owner of the tomb is dressed in jade clothes, with ten iron swords and many golden ornaments beside him; The storage room at the back stores royal food supplies; There are four concubines buried in the East Room; In the west room, seven people were buried in the kitchen, and there were more than 1000 funerary objects in the whole tomb. This tomb is the greatest achievement in the archaeology of Han tombs in Lingnan area, and its discovery provides rich materials for studying the development of Lingnan area and the history of Nanyue country in Qin and Han Dynasties.