1. Anhui architecture, that is, southern Anhui architecture, is one of the most prominent architectural styles among the five major architectural factions, and it is the representative of southern folk houses in Central China. The most familiar Huizhou School is a branch of Huizhou School. Xidi and Hongcun in Yixian County are the most representative houses of Huizhou School, which were listed in the World Heritage List in 2000. The architectural styles of Huizhou folk houses are "three wonders" (folk houses, ancestral halls and memorial archways) and "three sculptures" (wood carving, stone carving and brick carving). Huizhou architecture is obviously a popular ancient architectural style near Anhui. Blue tiles and white walls are the outstanding impression of Huizhou architecture. The patchwork horse head wall not only has the beauty of modeling, but also has the practical function of preventing fire and blocking the spread of fire.
2. One of the characteristics of Huizhou folk houses is high walls and deep courtyards. On the one hand, it is to prevent thieves, on the other hand, it is the need for mobile families suffering from displacement to gain psychological security. Another feature of Huizhou folk houses is the inner courtyard centered on the deep patio, surrounded by high walls, with almost no tiles outside, and only the narrow patio is used for lighting, ventilation and communication with the outside world. This basic shape with patio as the center and high walls closed is the focus of attention. Rainwater falling on rainy days flows into the patio from four roofs, commonly known as "four waters return to the hall", which also vividly reflects the mentality of Huizhou merchants that "fat water does not flow to outsiders", which is similar to Shanxi folk houses.
3. Fujian-style folk houses are a popular architectural style in southern Fujian, among which "earth building" is its most distinctive representative. Fujian Tulou, distributed in most parts of the province, especially in Zhangzhou and Longyan in southwest Fujian, is a defensive residential building, which is most concentrated in Yongding County in the west and Nanjing, Pinghe and Hua 'an counties in the south. It originated from the ancient adobe building technology in the Central Plains, appeared in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and continues to this day.
4. Beijing School: Beijing School architecture is the most typical quadrangle in northern China, and quadrangles are the most typical of Beijing School architecture. Siheyuan is a traditional residence in Beijing and even North China. The quadrangle in Beijing is famous because it is a residential building, but it contains profound cultural connotation and is the carrier of China traditional culture. The construction of quadrangles pays great attention to geomantic omen. From site selection to determining the specific scale of each building, it must be carried out according to the theory of geomantic omen. Geomantic omen theory is actually an ancient architectural environmentology in China and an important part of China's traditional residential architecture theory. This geomantic theory has guided the architectural activities in ancient China for thousands of years. In addition to the theory of geomantic omen, the decoration, sculpture and painting of quadrangles also reflect folk customs and traditional culture everywhere, showing people's pursuit of happiness, beauty, prosperity and auspiciousness under specific historical conditions. For example, the pattern composed of bats and longevity characters means "longevity", and the pattern with Chinese rose flowers in the vase means "peace in the four seasons". Auspicious words embedded in the door tube and the door head, couplets pasted on eaves columns, and masterpieces of calligraphy and painting hung indoors are all ancient sayings that combine the achievements of sages and philosophers, using ancient and modern famous sentences, or praising the beauty of mountains and rivers, or inscriptions.
5. Soviet-style residential houses refer to the architectural styles in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, which concentrate the architectural styles in the north and south, and the garden layout is one of its remarkable characteristics. Soviet-style residential buildings mainly face south, so that you can enjoy the sunshine in the leeward place in winter and enjoy the cool in the wind in summer, which is full of the charm of the ancient culture of Jiangnan water town. Roof with high ridge angle, plus Zoumalou, brick gatehouse, Luva window, street building, etc. The white walls and tiles are arranged in rows, which are light and elegant, reflecting the artistic characteristics of clearness, lightness, elegance and simplicity. The layout of traditional gardens in China pursues the theory of twists and turns: the garden-style layout pays attention to structure, with deep twists and turns, twists and turns in the direct exposure and ups and downs in the relief. The layout of traditional gardens in China pays attention to the word "Tibetan" (compared with European gardens), and most of them are royal gardens, which are large and straightforward. While the traditional gardens in China emphasize borrowing scenery, the ancient buildings distributed in the traditional gardens in China are: hall, hall, cave, pavilion, building, terrace, pavilion, pavilion, door, corridor, patio and roadway.
6. Jin School is just a general term, not only referring to Shanxi area, but also including parts of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai. Only in these areas, the architectural style of Shanxi area is relatively mature. Jin-style architecture can be roughly divided into two categories: one is urban architecture in Shanxi, that is, Jin-style architecture in a narrow sense; The other is cave architecture in northern Shaanxi and its surrounding areas, which is also the most widely distributed architectural style in northwest China.