See the boundless ocean
Eastern Han Dynasty (Cao Cao)
Jié stone looks at the sea in the east.
What is water (à n à n) and what is a mountain island (ǒ ng zhi).
Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean.
A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected;
Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.
Fortunately, even zai (zāi), singing Yong Zhi.
About the author:
Cao Cao (155-220) was born in Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). Outstanding politician, strategist, writer, poet, Han nationality in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Politically and militarily, Cao Cao eliminated many separatist forces, unified most of northern China, and implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, which laid the foundation for the founding of Cao Wei. In literature, under the impetus of Cao Cao and his son, Jian 'an literature represented by three Cao Cao (Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi) was formed, which was called Jian 'an style in history and left a glorious stroke in the history of literature.
After the establishment of Wei Dynasty, Cao Cao was honored as "Emperor Wu" and the temple name was "Taizu". [Edit this paragraph] Note: Boarding is sightseeing.
Jié stone: The name of the mountain. Jieshi Mountain is located in Jieshi Mountain, Changli County, Hebei Province. In the autumn of 207 AD, Cao Cao passed by when he was collecting Wu Huan.
Mr Hu: How?
Dàn dàn: The way the water waves ripple.
Sangzhi: Hold your head high. "Shrugging", high. Z: Stand up straight.
Bleak: The sound of trees being blown by autumn wind.
Hong Bo: Rough waves
Sun and Moon: Sun and Moon.
Xing Han: Galaxy.
Fortunately, I am very happy.
To: extremely.
Fortunately, even: really lucky. Use this poem to express your wishes and ambitions.
A hymn: a hymn
Chanting ambition: that is, expressing one's mind.
The last two sentences are not directly related to the text of this poem, but a way of ending Yuefu poetry.
This is the first chapter of Yuefu poem "Out of Xiamen". [Edit this paragraph] Appreciate the position of the first two paragraphs: the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi Mountain, high in the sea, with a wide view and a panoramic view of the sea. The following ten descriptions are almost all derived from this.
"The water is full of water, and the mountains and islands are all scenery" is the general impression of seeing the sea at the beginning, which is a bit like a thick line in the painting. In this rippling sea, the first thing you see is the towering mountain islands, which are dotted on the flat and wide sea, making the sea look magical and spectacular. These two sentences roughly outline the prospect of the sea, which will be described in depth at different levels below.
"There are many trees and plenty of herbs. The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges. " The first two sentences specifically describe the mountain island: although the autumn wind is bleak and the vegetation is withered, the trees on the island are lush and the grass is flourishing, giving people a poetic feeling. The last two sentences are a further description of the sentence "What is water like?". Look carefully, the sea in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave, surging and undulating. Here, although it is a typical autumn environment, there is nothing bleak and desolate. Facing the bleak autumn wind, the author wrote the vastness and magnificence of the sea: in the bleak autumn wind, the sea is rough and meets the sky; The mountain island is tall and straight, with lush vegetation and no fading and sentimental artistic conception. This new realm and new style just reflect his "martyr" mind.
"The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " The previous description is observed from the sea. These four sentences are related to the vast universe, presenting the momentum and strength of the sea to readers: the vast sea is connected with the sky and the air is turbid; In front of this magnificent sea, the sun, the moon, the stars and the Han (the Milky Way) are all small, and their operation seems to be freely absorbed by the sea. The sea described by the poet here is not only the real scene in front of him, but also his own imagination and exaggeration, which shows the magnificent atmosphere of the universe and is full of the momentum of "the five mountains start from the square". This kind of "cage cover breathing atmosphere" is the artistic realm of the poet's "eyes" and "chest". From the heart, if the poet had no grand political ambition, no ambition to make contributions, and no optimistic attitude full of confidence in the future, he would never have written such a magnificent poetic scene. In the past, some people said that Cao Cao's poems were "domineering" (in Shen Deqian), referring to works such as Looking at the Sea.
"Fortunately, Lian, the song is to be sung." This is a group of words in the chorus, which has nothing to do with the content of the poem and needs no elaboration. [Edit this paragraph] Select the poem "Looking at the Sea". Literally, the sea, mountain islands, vegetation, autumn wind and even the sun, moon and stars are all in sight. This poem, written purely about natural scenery, seems to have never been written by Cao Cao in the history of China literature. It not only describes the whole landscape, but also has its own style. It is the earliest masterpiece of landscape poetry in China, especially loved by literary historians. This poem, written on the autumn sea, can wash away the sentimental sentiment of sad autumn and is vigorous and magnificent, which is closely related to Cao Cao's tolerance, personality and even aesthetic taste.
In this poem, scenery and emotion are closely combined. By writing about the sea, the author expressed his ambition to unify China and make contributions. But this kind of feeling is not directly revealed in the poem, but contained in the description of the scenery, which contains feelings. Every sentence is about the scenery and every sentence is lyrical. Although the six sentences in "What's Water" are depicting the vibrant sea scenery, they are actually praising the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland and revealing the author's feelings of loving the motherland. Seeing the magnificent scenery of the motherland's mountains and rivers aroused the poet's strong desire to unify the motherland. So with the help of rich imagination, to fully express this desire. The author compares himself to the sea and expresses the poet's broad mind and heroism by writing about the momentum of the sea devouring the universe. His feelings are unrestrained but subtle. Sun and Moon is the climax of landscape writing and the author's emotional development. Poets in the Song Dynasty said that Cao's poems were "as full of vitality as veteran Yan". The poem "Looking at the Sea" has a broad artistic conception and is magnificent, which conforms to the demeanor of an aspiring politician and strategist. Reading its poems really makes people feel like people.
In the 12th year of Jian 'an (207), Cao Cao led an army to conquer Wuhuan, which was a great disaster in Northeast China at that time. This is an important war in Cao Cao's great cause of reunifying the north. On the way to the expedition, I wrote the Yuefu poem "Out of Xiamen" (belonging to "Harmony Song, Sediao Song"). This group of poems consists of five parts, starting with the word "Yan", that is, preface poems. The following articles are named after poems, namely Watching the Sea, Winter in October, He (also known as Different Land) and Guifengshou. From the perspective of music melody, the five parts are a whole, and from the perspective of lyrics, the four parts can be independent.
"Looking at the Sea" was written in September this year when Cao Cao marched north to Wu Huan and destroyed the remnants of Yuan Shao. This four-character poem depicts the magnificence of the motherland's rivers and mountains through the natural scenery that the poet saw when he climbed to the sea. It not only depicts the moving images of mountains and seas, but also expresses the heroic and optimistic enterprising spirit of the poet. It is a masterpiece describing natural scenery in Jian 'an period and one of the earliest representative works of China's classical landscape poems. In the first two sentences, "Jieshi looks at the sea in the east", the poet came to the foot of Jieshi Mountain and climbed to see the sea during the Northern Expedition. Jieshi Mountain was originally located in the southwest of Laoting County in Hebei Province (northwest of Changli County in Hebei Province). The Han Dynasty was still on land, facing the Bohai Sea. Due to the geological changes in the Six Dynasties, it sank into the sea. When the poet climbed Jieshi Mountain and looked down at the sea, he saw: "Where is the water, where are the mountains and islands?" . Even, the water waves are not exciting. The towering appearance of the island. When the poet climbs the mountain, what he can see is the endless sea, and the islands in the sea stand tall. What a spectacular sight it is! In history, both Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi visited here, carving stones and watching the sea. Now, the poet stands in the place where Qin Huang and Hanwu traveled, commanding, looking at the vast sea and towering islands in the sea, thinking that the Central Plains region has been pacified, the northern expedition to Wuhuan has also won a decisive victory, and the reunification of the north is about to be realized. How excited he is! At this time, the poet's eyes were fixed on the island at sea, and in front of him was a vibrant scene: "There are more trees and more grass. The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges. " The trees are covered with grass, and they grow very luxuriantly. A bleak autumn wind blew and the sea was rough. Although the bleak autumn wind gives people a feeling of sadness and killing, the vigorous grass shows its heroic nature; Hongbo is surging, and the more you see it! This is a true description of the natural environment and a concrete portrayal of the poet's subjective feelings. After winning a series of wars, Cao Cao felt that his great achievements were as full of vitality as flowers and trees, and also full of vitality for the surging sea. Below, the poet developed a rich imagination and further described the magnificent spirit and broad mind of the sea embracing the sun and the moon. "The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " The movement of the sun and the moon seems to linger in the embrace of the sea, and the brilliant Milky Way stars seem to be wrapped in the belly of the mother sea. Look, this is the spirit of the sea, the mind of the sea. It's spectacular, it's spectacular.
The poem Looking at the Sea is full of scenery, in which there are no words to express feelings directly, but reading the whole poem can still make people feel the feelings deeply entrusted by the poet. Through the poet's vivid description of stormy waves, we seem to see Cao Cao's great ambition and grand mind of forging ahead and unifying the whole country, and touch the flow of his thoughts and feelings in a typical environment as a poet, politician and strategist. The whole poem is simple in language, rich in imagination, magnificent, desolate and tragic, which has been greatly appreciated by readers of all ages. Shen Deqian commented that this poem "has a cosmic flavor" in "The Origin of Ancient Poetry". This is very accurate.
Yuefu poems in Han dynasty are generally untitled, and the topic of "watching the sea" was added by later generations. Yuefu poetry can be sung, and the last two sentences of the poem are "fortunately!" A song is an ode to ambition. "Music is added, and it is an attachment of the poem, which has nothing to do with the content of the poem.
Brief introduction of the author
Cao Cao (155-220): Wei Wudi. Politicians, militarists and poets in the Three Kingdoms period. Meng De, nicknamed Ayun, was born in Qiao County (now Bo (two provinces) city, Anhui Province). Representative figures of Jian 'an literature.
At first, Lian Xiao was appointed as the Northern Commandant of Luoyang and moved to Dun. Later, in the war to suppress the Yellow Scarf Uprising and crusade against Dong Zhuo, the military strength gradually expanded. In the third year of Chuping (A.D. 192), he belonged to Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army, and was lured by Zhou Mu's division, so he was made into "Qingzhou Soldiers". The first year of Jian 'an (196), Xu, Xian Di (now Xuchang, Henan). From then on, he gave orders in his name and successively leveled the separatist forces such as Lu Bu. After the battle of Guandu defeated Yuan Shao, a separatist force in Hebei, the northern part of China was gradually unified. In the 13th year of Jian 'an, he ascended the position of Prime Minister, led his troops south, and was defeated by Sun Quan and Liu Bei in Chibi. Feng Wang Wei. His son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor and made him Emperor Wu.
He reclaimed land and built water conservancy projects in the north, which solved the problem of insufficient rations and played a certain role in the recovery of agricultural production. Employ talents, attract the middle and lower classes of the landlord class, restrain the strongmen and strengthen centralization. The social economy of the ruling area has been restored and developed. The method of selecting a good soldier is written by Sun Tzu's Brief Explanation of the Art of War, The Art of War and other books. Good poems, such as "A Journey in the Great Miles" and "Watching the Sea", express political aspirations and reflect the tragic life of the people at the end of the Han Dynasty. They are magnificent, generous and sad. Prose is also neat. His works include The Collection of Wei Wudi, which has been lost and compiled by Ming people. There is a typesetting copy of Cao Caoji today. Left more than 20 works.
translate
Go east and climb Jieshi Mountain to see the sea.
How vast the sea is, and Jieshi Mountain stands tall by the sea.
There are many trees on Jieshi Mountain, and all kinds of grass grow luxuriantly.
The autumn wind is rustling and the waves on the sea are sky-high.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to start from this vast ocean.
The Milky Way is dotted with stars, as if it were born in this vast ocean.
Very lucky. Use singing to express your thoughts and feelings.
Overview of Basic Knowledge of Chinese Characters and Sentences
sea
The word "sea" can refer to the sea in general, because the sea is pale and endless, so it is called the sea. For example, Ge Hong's "Bao Pu Zi Qiong Da": "Well frogs don't know the sea." Sea: the sea, the sea.
"Sea" is another name for East Sea in China. In the poem, "Jieshi looks at the sea in the east" and "sea" refers to the East China Sea. The sixth book of Beginners explains: "According to the difference between the East China Sea and the West Sea, the East China Sea is called the Bohai Sea, and the Bohai Sea is also called the sea. The East China Sea referred to here generally refers to the eastern waters of China, which is different from the "East China Sea" referring to the waters east of Zhejiang today.
Lianlian
The original meaning of "Lian" is the appearance of water fluctuation. This is the meaning of the poem what is water. . You can also describe peace of mind. For example, Liu Xiang's "Nine Sighs of Fate" means "full of affection". It can also be described as vast. For example, Du Mu's "Leyou Tombs" "There are no solitary birds in the sky, and they have sunk in it for ages." (Lian: Describe the vastness of the sky. )
rustle
"Bleak" is a continuous word used to describe the sound of autumn wind. From Song Yu's "Nine Arguments", "The bleak vegetation is falling and declining". The poem bleak autumn wind uses its original meaning. Writing "Little Sa" again.
Bleak can also be used to describe loneliness and desolation. For example, a sentence in Du Fu's "Poems on Huai": "Yu Xin was the most bitter in his life, and his poems in his later years stirred the rivers and lakes."
bright
"Brilliant" is a rhyming word with dazzling meaning, and can also be used to describe gorgeous words. This poem "The Stars Are Brilliant" is brilliant. Zhang Heng's "Fu Xuan" is "brilliant", brilliant: gorgeous words. And it says "rotten".
I hum this song.
Appendix to poetry. [Edit this paragraph] About the poem Looking at the Sea 1. The Writing Background of Looking at the Sea
Looking at the Sea is a famous work of Cao Cao, which was written when he was wooing Wu Huan. In 207 AD, Cao Cao led an army to the north to hunt down the remnants of Yuan Shao, swore the Northern Expedition in May, and left Lulong Village in July to face Jieshi Mountain. He climbed the mountain and looked at the sea. Facing the surging sea, he wrote this magnificent poem.
(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems with Pictures and Feelings and Analysis of Junior Middle School Chinese Texts, Volume II)
Looking at the sea gives the poet deep feelings, through which we can see the poet's own soul. Cao Cao climbed Jieshi Mountain on the way to the northern expedition to Wuhuan this time. Wuhuan was a great disaster in Northeast China at that time. In the 11th year of Jian 'an (AD 206), Wu Huan conquered Youzhou and captured more than 100,000 Han people. In the same year, Yuan Shang and Yuan, the sons of Yuan Shao, colluded with Ta Dun, the leader of Wuhuan in western Liaoning, and repeatedly harassed the border, which forced Cao Cao to resolutely conquer Wuhuan in the 12th year of Jian 'an. In the great war in August this year, Cao Cao finally won a decisive victory. This victory consolidated Cao Cao's rear area, enabling him to March south in the following year to realize his ambition of reunifying China. Linking the events before and after, we can see how important a war Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wu Huan was. And "Looking at the Sea" was written when I passed Jieshi Mountain on my way to northern expedition to Wuhuan. Before the war, Cao Cao boarded Jieshi as a commander-in-chief, which was also visited by many emperors and Hanwu, and when the autumn wind was bleak, his mood would be as difficult to calm as the sea. He put his high-spirited spirit into the poem and expressed it through the image of the sea, which made this poem have a vigorous and vigorous style and become a masterpiece.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
2. About Jieshi Looking at the Sea in the East (Yuan Xingpei)
"Jieshi looks at the sea in the east." The opening point explains the orientation, place and object of observation. Although these two sentences are not written directly to people, we seem to see Cao Cao's heroism in climbing mountains and looking at the sea. "Jieshi", according to the Records of Geography of Hanshu, was in the southwest of Licheng (now Laoting, Hebei Province) and sank into the sea during the Six Dynasties. The word "Guan" dominates the whole poem and is the clue of the whole poem. The following is what I saw and heard when I climbed the mountain according to the word "Guan".
The first two sentences started smoothly. "Jieshi looks at the sea in the east" means that he climbed Jieshi Mountain and looked down at the sea. The former Jieshi Mountain is in the southwest of Laoting County, Hebei Province, facing the Bohai Sea.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
3. Six sentences about "What is water like?"
"Where there is water, there are mountains and islands." It's about overlooking the sea from Jieshi Mountain. "Lian Lian" is to describe the swaying appearance of the sea; "What", here when "how". "How about water?" Describe the vastness of the sea, including surprise and praise, which is the first impression of just climbing the top of the mountain. "Ruzhi" is a towering appearance. The meaning of these two poems is: the vast sea is blue and boundless, and only the mountain island at the foot stands high in the center of the sea. As we all know, watching the sea, standing on the shore, sitting on the bow, or climbing to the top of the mountain, our feelings are very different. At this time, when Cao Cao stood on the mountain, the first thing he saw was the panoramic view of the sea. Therefore, he tried to exaggerate the boundless momentum of the sea, giving people a sense of firmness and stubbornness. The towering mountain island suddenly attracted the poet's attention, so he immediately wrote down the scenery on the island: "There are many trees and many herbs." There are thriving scenes everywhere, as if there is infinite life waiting for us to discover. "The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges." With the bleak wind, suddenly set off a huge wave, people feel amazing a little too late! But when we turned our eyes to the surging waves, the poet stopped describing them.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
The six sentences "water" are written in front of the sea. There are only two sentences about the sea. Although there are not many words, the author focuses on the morphological changes of the sea, draws a big outline and writes out the characteristics of the sea. "How about water?" It's about the rough waves of the sea when there is no wind. When there is a strong wind at sea, it will immediately set off an uproar. "Hongbo surges" vividly shows the majestic momentum of the sea in just four words. The word "Yong" is used very well. From this description, we not only see the shape of the sea surging into the sky, but also seem to hear the sound of stormy waves lapping on the shore. Although the author wrote about the sea, he didn't just write about it. If you only write about the boundless and choppy sea water, even if it is well written, it will give people a sense of silence. Therefore, when describing the sea, the author inserted the mountain island vegetation to touch it. With the brushwork of mountain island vegetation, the sea is written with vigor and prosperity, which makes people feel that the sea is not only vast and magnificent, but also beautiful. Let's try to recite these sentences together, and we can appreciate the charm: the vast sea, undulating waves, flapping the coast, towering mountains and islands, lush vegetation swaying in the bleak autumn wind, what a magnificent artistic conception and what a beautiful picture!
(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems and Paintings Love, ditto)
4. Four sentences about "Journey to the Sun and Moon"
In the face of this charming sea scenery, the author launched a rich and strange imagination. "The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " The sun, the moon and the Milky Way, which keep running, are all contained in this sea. How energetic! These four sentences are the climax of the whole poem, and the author uses exaggerated expression techniques to create an extremely open artistic conception, which adds a positive romantic color to the whole poem. Although highly exaggerated, the author still firmly grasps the majestic characteristics of the sea to write, and exaggeration is reasonable.
(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems and Paintings Love, ditto)
The poet's rich imagination has brought us to a more magnificent realm: "If the journey of the sun and the moon comes out from this; Xinghan is brilliant, if you take it by surprise. "This word 16 describes the vastness of the sea and writes a picture of the sun, moon and stars, including pregnant stars. The sky is connected with water, and the water is connected with the sky, which is boundless. It's really spectacular. " Xinghan is the Milky Way in the sky. The meaning of these four poems is: the sun and the moon rise in the east every day, go around once, and then set to the west, as if rising from the sea and falling into the sea. The starry galaxy is oblique in the sky, and its far end is perpendicular to the sea, as if it originated from the sea. The sun, the moon and the milky way are the most brilliant and greatest images in nature, but the poet feels that their operation is still inseparable from the embrace of the sea, which is like the mother of the sun, the moon and the stars. This broad realm is rare in ancient poetry.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
5. The characteristics of scene blending in watching the sea.
In this poem, scenery and emotion are closely combined. Facts have shown that the author expressed his ambition to unify China and make contributions by writing about the sea. This feeling is not directly revealed in the poem, but contained in the description of the scenery. This lyric way is different from many lyric ways of writing landscape poems in ancient times. Many lyric poems describing scenery in ancient times were divided into scenes, or they focused on the scenery above and the emotion below. For example, in Jing Ke's Yi Shui Ge, the sentence "The wind is rustling, Shui Han" focuses on Feng Shui; The next sentence "A strong man will never return" describes the feeling that a strong man will die. For example, Du Fu's "The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower", the first part of "With Wu in my east and Chu in the south, we can see the endless drifting of heaven and earth", which focuses on scenery and is also very ambitious; The bottom line is "but there is no news from relatives or friends, I am old and sick, alone with my boat", and the focus is on love writing. Looking at the Sea contains feelings in the scenery and feelings in the scenery. The words in Looking at the Sea are full of passion. Although the six sentences in "What's Water" are depicting the vibrant sea scenery, they are actually praising the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland and revealing the author's feelings of loving the motherland. Seeing the magnificent scenery of the motherland's mountains and rivers aroused the poet's strong desire to unify the motherland. So with the help of rich imagination, to fully express this desire. The author compares himself to the sea and expresses the poet's broad mind and heroism by writing about the momentum of the sea devouring the universe. His feelings are unrestrained but subtle. Sun and Moon is the climax of landscape writing and the author's emotional development. Poets in the Song Dynasty said that Cao's poems were "as full of vitality as veteran Yan". The poem "Looking at the Sea" has a broad artistic conception and is magnificent, which conforms to the demeanor of an aspiring politician and strategist. Reading its poems really makes people feel like people.
(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems and Paintings Love, ditto)
Cao Cao's Looking at the Sea accurately and vividly depicts the image of the ocean, which is simple and full, rich but not trivial, like a thick charcoal brush stroke. What is particularly commendable is that this poem not only reflects the image of the ocean, but also gives it character. Every sentence is a scene, and every sentence is lyric. It shows the sea and the poet himself. The poet is not satisfied with imitating the shape of the ocean, but tries to express the gestation and turbulent character of the ocean through images. The lifeless sea has a personality in the poet's works. Only in this way can we reflect the face of the sea more truly and profoundly.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
"Looking at the Sea" is a lyric poem, which skillfully combines the seascape in front of me with my own ambition. The climax of watching the sea is at the end of the poem. Its feelings are unrestrained, but its thoughts are subtle. Not only the scene blends, but also the combination of reason and reason. Because it is implicit, it is more enlightening, more stimulating to our imagination and more intriguing. In the past, people praised Cao Cao's poems as deep, full and vigorous, such as "You Yan veteran, charm still exists", which can be confirmed from here.