The construction of nature reserves in China began in the 195s, and after nearly 5 years of construction, especially since the late 197s, the cause of nature reserves in China has developed. By the end of 21, 1,55 nature reserves of various types had been built, accounting for about 14.4% of the total land area, including 155 at the national level, 22 of which were included in UNESCO's biosphere reserve network and 21 were listed as important wetlands by the International Convention on Wetlands. With the establishment of nature reserves, 7% of terrestrial ecosystem types, 8% of wild animals and 6% of higher plants in China, especially most of the rare and endangered wild animals and plants under state protection, are well protected in nature reserves-there are different understandings about nature reserves at home and abroad, which is easy to misunderstand. The following synonyms related to nature reserves are introduced as follows:
1) Nature reserve: refers to the land, land water bodies or sea areas where representative natural ecosystems, rare and endangered wild animal and plant species are naturally concentrated, and natural relics with special significance are located, and a certain area is designated according to law to be specially protected and managed.
2) Biosphere reserve: it is a protected area of UNESCO system, emphasizing protection, development and logistics. At present, there are 22 biosphere reserves in China
3) Forest parks: areas that emphasize providing leisure and tourism for human beings by protecting forest ecosystems and their landscapes
4) Scenic spots: with ornamental, cultural or scientific value, concentrated natural and human scenery, beautiful environment and a certain scale and scope, Areas where people can visit, rest or engage in scientific and cultural activities
5) Protected areas of traditional cultural forests: Taoist and Buddhist temples in China are usually located in deep mountains and dense forests, and have a long-term tradition of protecting and cultivating surrounding forests, which plays a very important role in preserving typical ecosystems and species diversity in different regions. Many forest ecosystems preserved by temples directly become national or provincial nature reserves. China's rural areas have thousands of years of tradition of protecting Feng Shui forest, which is endowed with some religious colors in culture, but its essence is to protect the ecological environment conditions of rural settlements, how to protect key watersheds and preserve biological resources. This fine tradition will also play an important role in China's natural protection
6) Natural forest protection sites: Since 1998, the state has officially launched the natural forest protection plan. This new type of protection sites mainly focuses on the forest ecological service function, with particular emphasis on its functions of water conservation and soil and water conservation
7) Natural heritage: the protected areas of UNESCO system, mainly protecting famous natural heritage sites, and the protected objects are ecosystems and geology. At present, there are 28 natural and cultural heritages in China, such as Wuyishan, Mount Emei, Qinshan, Huangshan, Jiuzhaigou, Huanglong, Zhangjiajie, Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors, Dunhuang and Lijiang. Among them, there are four double heritage sites (Mount Taishan, Mount Huangshan, Mount Emin and Wuyishan)
8) International wetlands: nature reserves that mainly protect wetlands, also known as Ramser international wetlands. At present, there are 21 sites in China, such as Zhalong, Xianghai, Poyang Lake, East Dongting Lake, Dongzhai Port, Qinghai Lake and Mipu in Hong Kong.
9) Geopark: it is a protected area with the main purpose of protecting geological relics, such as glacial relics, volcanic relics, Danxia landform, caves, etc.
Countermeasure 2: ex-situ protection-this is through the establishment of zoos, botanical gardens, arboretums, wildlife parks, seed banks, sperm banks, gene banks, aquariums, aquariums and other different forms of protection facilities in different places where biodiversity is distributed. For those rare species, species with ornamental value or their genes, artificially assisted protection is implemented-this protection is largely salvage, and she may protect the genes of species, but this protection is passive. After a long time, it may protect living specimens of biodiversity. Because, after all, ex-situ conservation is an artificial simulated environment, and natural viability and natural competition cannot be formed here-of course, ex-situ conservation can provide people in different places with opportunities to watch, bring in certain income, and carry out biodiversity conservation publicity. To some extent, it can promote the development of the cause of biodiversity conservation areas
Countermeasures and suggestions
Countermeasures 1: Pay attention to community management issues-recognize the importance of community management issues, and incorporate community management work into the management objectives and responsibilities of protected area management institutions in the legislative process, which is the premise to solve the conflict between communities and protected areas. The concept advocated by the biosphere reserve is to combine biodiversity conservation with community economic development, consider people as an integral part of the nature reserve, and attach importance to the functions of buffer zone and experimental zone.
Countermeasure 2: Respect community rights and share benefits with the community-respect the principle of benefiting the collectively owned land, mountains, water bodies and pastures in the reserve, share benefits with the community and help the community economic development. We can purchase and lease the right to use land and the right to manage resources, and we can * * * enjoy the income from resources according to the share of different owners, such as tickets, resource compensation fees, rental fees of land facilities, etc., and we can also make other compensation methods, such as exchanging grain for forest rights and grain for ecology, etc.
In the new century, we are eager for a clean earth, a healthy earth and an environmentally friendly home. In order to protect the green of the earth, for future generations, eliminate pollution and protect the development environment. Here, we propose:
1. Use phosphorus-free detergent. When phosphorus-containing detergent is used, a large amount of phosphorus will enter the urban water body, causing the water quality to decline and the water body to turn black and smelly. We can choose "phosphorus-free" detergent to reduce pollution.
2. Please turn off the tap at hand, and advocate multi-use of one water. A faucet that doesn't close tightly can drain 1-6 tons of water a month. It is easy to turn off the tap with the water, and multi-use of one water is a concrete manifestation of saving water.
3. Please recycle the renewable resources by classification, and pay attention to recycling the waste plastic products in time.
4. Please use less disposable products. Disposable products bring us convenience, but they also waste a lot of valuable resources. "Disposable" items, we really can't afford to consume!
5. Please choose environmentally-friendly building materials to decorate the living room. Many people will feel headache and nausea after living in the newly renovated house, which is caused by the pollution caused by the decoration process. (If materials containing benzene and other harmful substances exceed the standard are used) Therefore, I would like to remind you to use environmental protection materials as much as possible when decorating.
6. Refuse to use wild animal products. If you don't wear rare animal fur clothing, try to wear natural fabrics; Refuse to eat wild animals; Traveling in the wild, not poaching wild animals and so on.
7. Promote the purchase of green food.
We believe that one day, environmental protection will shine intoxicating stars in every corner of us!
responsibilities of community residents' committees
1. publicize the constitution, laws, regulations and state policies, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of community residents, educate residents to fulfill their obligations stipulated by law, rationally utilize natural resources, protect and improve the ecological environment, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of residents, and take good care of public property.
2. Assist government departments to carry out civil mediation, social security, employment, public health, family planning, special care and relief, youth education and floating personnel management in the community, and help protect the urban ecological environment and maintain municipal public facilities such as transportation, communication and energy in the community.
3. Be responsible for the community residents' meeting or community members' representative meeting, report the work regularly, and strive to complete the tasks put forward by them.
4. Handle the public affairs of residents in this community, carry out the construction of * * * in * *, and manage and maintain the collective assets.
5. Develop community culture and education, popularize scientific and technological knowledge, and carry out various forms of socialist spiritual civilization construction activities.
6. Carry out community services for the convenience and benefit of the people, set up relevant social welfare undertakings, and guide and manage community service institutions such as the elderly and the disabled.
7. Assist government departments in socialized management and service of the unemployed and retirees in the community.
8. Participate in the owners' committee to guide, supervise and support the property management and services in this community.
9. Strengthen the ties between communities, promote unity and mutual assistance, and cooperate with government departments and other communities on issues of common concern.
1. reflect the opinions and demands of community residents to government departments and make suggestions.
11. Organize community residents to conduct democratic appraisal and democratic supervision on various government affairs of government departments.
12. Actively cultivate and develop community non-governmental organizations in accordance with the law, and assist government departments to strengthen guidance and assistance to community non-governmental organizations.
13. decide on community affairs independently within the scope permitted by national laws, regulations and the government.
post responsibilities of the director
1. Conscientiously implement the Party's line, principles and policies and the spirit of relevant documents at higher levels, take the lead in observing the national constitution, laws and regulations, adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles, and lead members of community residents' committees to perform their duties.
2. Preside over the overall work of community residents' committees, hold regular working meetings of residents' committees, urge all subordinate committees to do their own jobs, coordinate the relations among members of residents' committees, fully carry forward democracy, adhere to the principle that the minority is subordinate to the majority, and strive to build a community leadership group with unity, cooperation, fairness and decent style.
3. Actively promote community construction and provide residents with a civilized community with convenient life, elegant environment, active culture, good public security and harmonious interpersonal relationships.
4. Be responsible for financial examination and approval, conscientiously implement the accounting management system, adhere to democratic financial management, and make the accounts clear and open on a regular basis.
5. Accept the guidance of the government and its departments with an open mind, actively report and reflect the community work to the government and its agencies, and timely feedback the opinions and demands of the community masses.
6, firmly establish the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, and constantly improve the policy and business level.
Responsibilities of the Deputy Director
1. Be a good staff officer and assistant to the Director, and assist the Director in completing community work and tasks assigned by superiors.
2. In addition to taking charge of the work, assist the director in arranging, inspecting, supervising and summarizing the work, and help and guide the work of the working committees and residents' groups.
3. Be responsible for the accumulation and storage of all kinds of materials and data in the community, and timely summarize and report all kinds of information.
4. Assist the director to manage the income and expenditure of the property and funds of the community residents committee, and actively develop public welfare undertakings such as community service.
5. In the absence of the director, act as the director.
Responsibilities of Committee members
1. Publicize the Party's line, principles and policies, and guide the community people to realize self-management, self-education and self-service.
2. Perform corresponding duties according to the division of labor, and do other work assigned by community members' congresses and residents' committees.
3. Go deep into the community, understand the people's feelings, listen to opinions, provide policy advice to the community residents, ask for help, solve the relevant problems raised by the community residents, feed back the relevant problems and opinions to the residents' committees in time, and put forward feasible suggestions.
4. strengthen contact and communication with government departments and community-based units, play a good role as a bridge and link, and comprehensively promote the development of various undertakings in the community.