(2) Because of the high price of seeds, it is advisable to use nutrition pots to raise seedlings.
Preparation method of nutrient soil: 5 parts of disease-free fertilizer mud, 2 parts of decomposed livestock manure, 2 parts of fly ash 12, and 2 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer per cubic meter of nutrient soil, mixed and screened. After disinfection, it can be used to raise seedlings. Or select 6 parts of peat soil+3 parts of river sand+perlite 1 part and compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 1 kg per cubic meter to prepare nutrient soil, and fill the nutrient soil with (8 ~ 10)cm×(8 ~ 10)cm plastic seedling cup for seedling raising.
(3) In the process of cultivating strong seedlings, attention should be paid to maintaining appropriate temperature and soil moisture. Generally, the temperature in the greenhouse should be around 25℃ in early spring. The soil in the seedling cup should not be too wet and dry, and it should be sprayed with 500 times dicyandiamide or 800 times carbendazim to prevent damping off. If the seedlings grow weakly or the leaves turn yellow at the seedling stage, they can be watered thoroughly with 1 ~ 2 times of 1% compound fertilizer solution, and can be planted when the seedlings grow to 4 ~ 5 real leaves. Pay attention to controlling water and temperature at seedling stage to prevent seedlings from growing in vain.
(4) In greenhouse cultivation, decomposed chicken manure 1000kg was applied every 667m2, and 30kg of compound fertilizer was used as base fertilizer. The ground should be flat. Fasten the plastic film in the greenhouse/0/0 day before planting, close the greenhouse at high temperature, and sterilize and kill insects. Generally, it is about 0/8000 plants per hectare/kloc.
For flowerpot cultivation, plastic or ceramic flowerpots with a diameter of 25-35cm and a height of 30-40cm can be selected for cultivation. The cultivation soil can be made by mixing peat soil, river sand and perlite in a ratio of 5: 3: 2. Before putting the cultivation soil, about 250g of peanut bran or chicken manure is added to the bottom of each pot as the base fertilizer. The seedling has two leaves, and 1 heart can be planted. Choose sunny evening to plant, spray water for half a day before planting, spray foot water after planting, and cover the roof with sunshade net in summer.
(5) Temperature management generally requires that the temperature in the shed be controlled between 15 ~ 30℃.
(6) Water management delays the emergence of seedlings to keep the soil moist, and more water is needed at the peak of growth and after flowering and fruiting to ensure water supply.
(7) After 7 days of fertilizer and water management and field planting, spray roots with 1% compound fertilizer aqueous solution to promote new roots. Spray 2% compound fertilizer aqueous solution 1 time every week before flowering to make the plants grow healthily. During the period from flowering to fruit setting, water and fertilizer management should be strengthened to promote plant reproductive growth and improve fruit setting rate. Generally, after planting 2 ~ 3 fruits, topdressing decomposed peanut bran 150 kg and compound fertilizer 20 kg every 667 m2 to promote the young melon to expand, maintain the vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The method is to apply it in a hole or strip 25 cm away from the base of the stem, and be careful not to apply fertilizer too close to the base, otherwise it will cause root burning and watering after application. In the full fruit stage and harvest stage, according to the fruit setting and leaf color of the plant, apply fertilizer again, and the method is the same as last time. (8) Oblique pruning When the seedling is 25 ~ 30 cm high, it is necessary to insert bamboo or hang rope to guide it to grow upwards; There are many lateral vines in the growth process of pumpkin, but they are mainly ornamental pumpkins, so all the lateral vines below 1 meter should be pulled out in time to avoid consuming nutrition and affecting flowering and fruiting. 1 ~ 2 lateral vines can stay behind the main vines to increase their performance. If it is a decorative gallery in the park, vines can be led to the pre-designed scaffolding, generally without topping; If it is planted in a flowerpot, it is necessary to lead the vines to a pre-designed frame and tie the vines. After meeting the requirements, it is necessary to go to the top, to pick the heart, and to maintain a beautiful appearance.
(9) After artificial pollination, it is best to use artificial pollination. Pollination usually starts at 8 o'clock every morning. Select the male flower that blooms that day, remove the corolla, and coat the stamen pollen on the stigma of the female flower. Pollination is too early, and the pollen does not come loose; If pollination is too late, the pollen will lose water and its vitality will be reduced, which will affect the fruit setting rate.
(10) Picking melons and selling them are mainly used as ornamental and plaything. If it is used for food, it can be harvested about 20 days after the fruit is produced and before the peel becomes hard. The method is to harvest with scissors. If it is used for viewing or making works of art, it should be harvested when the fruit is fully mature and the skin is hard, otherwise the storage time is not long enough (the normal mature melon can be stored for more than half a year), and it will soon lose its ornamental value. At the same time, tourists can visit and pick their own melons, which can also be brought to the market as ornamental objects and toys. When selling, pay attention to giving each kind of melon an interesting name to improve the value of the goods. If you are a calligraphy lover, you can carve your favorite poems on the melon skin when it is still tender, and then collect them to dry as souvenirs, which is of great appreciation value.
(1 1) Pest control ornamental pumpkins mainly control powdery mildew, viral diseases, Fusarium wilt, aphids and mites. At seedling stage, 65,438+0,000 times solution was used to control damping-off and blight. In the growth period, 800 times of methomyl plus 800 times of carbendazim or 600 times of triadimefon can control powdery mildew. Use 4000 times 50% wettable powder to control aphids, 800 times 23 to control mites, and 500 times 20% virus A to control virus diseases. When spraying, spray the leaves evenly on both sides to improve the control effect.