2, you can use a plastic brush, which is the kind that brushes shoes. For firmly attached sludge, you can scrub it with an iron brush. Iron brushes can usually be bought in hardware stores.
3. Chemical cleaning method: chemical substances such as oxalic acid, acetone or some detergents can be used to clean leather goods, but it should be noted that oxalic acid solution is acidic and most stones are alkaline, so oxalic acid will corrode stones and may lead to some problems such as fading, so it is generally not recommended to use oxalic acid solution for cleaning.