Beijing Capital International Airport is located in Shunyi District, northeast of Beijing, about 30 kilometers away from the urban area. Capital Airport is the first airport in China with three terminals, three runways and two towers. Among them, Terminal 3 is the largest single terminal in the world and the first Olympic non-competition venue put into operation.
Taxi: The starting price of taxis operated by Capital Airport is 10 yuan/3km, and then 2 yuan/km. After driving 15km, 50% idle driving fee will be charged for every kilometer. It takes about 80 yuan to get to the airport by taxi from downtown.
Airport bus: Line 2, Line 3, Line 4 15 minutes, and other lines run every 30 minutes. Tickets are available at the airport and all stations in the city. The fare is 16 yuan.
Airport Line 1: Capital Airport-Fangzhuang (Gui You Building), passing through Liangmaqiao, Baijiazhuang, Dabeiyao (Guomao), Panjiayuan and He Shili (Jing Rui Building), with the first bus at 6:00 and the last bus at19: 30; Fangzhuang-Capital Airport, passing through Dabeiyao
(China Southern Airlines Hotel), the first bus leaves at 7:30 and the last bus leaves at 22:30.
Airport Line 2: Capital Airport-Xidan (Civil Aviation Business Building), passing Sanyuanqiao, Dongzhimen and Dongsishitiao Bridge, with the first bus at 7:00 and the last bus ending on the same day; Xidan-Capital Airport, passing through Dongzhimen (50 meters east of the bridge), with the first bus at 5:30 and the last bus at 2 1:00.
Airport Line 3: Capital Airport-Beijing Railway Station, passing through Yuyang Hotel, Dongdaqiao (no stop after 22:30), Chaoyangmen and Yabao Road, with the first bus at 7:30 and the last bus ending on the same day; Beijing Railway Station-Capital Airport, passing through International Hotel (West Gate), Dongzhimen (50 meters east of the bridge) and Jingxin Building (West Gate), with the first bus at 5:30 and the last bus at 2 1:00.
Airport Line 4: Capital Airport-Gongzhufen (Xinxing Hotel), passing through the International Exhibition Center, Xibahe, Anzhen Bridge, Madian Bridge, Beitaizhuang, Jimen Bridge, Friendship Hotel, Beijing TV Station and Zizhu Bridge, with the first bus at 7:00 and the last bus at 23: 00; Gongzhufen-Capital Airport, passing through Friendship Hotel (North Gate Air Ticket Office), North Taiping Zhuang, Anzhen Building and Space Bridge, the first bus is at 5:30, and the last bus is at 2 1:00.
Airport Line 5: Capital Airport-Zhongguancun (Bridge 4), passing through Wangjing (Huajiadi), Xiaoying, Asian Games Village (Anhui Bridge) and Ponte dell'Accademia, with the first bus at 8:30 and the last bus at 21:30; Zhongguancun-Capital Airport, passing Beihang University (North Gate), Huixin West Street (Anhui Building) and Huixin East Street (China Petrochemical Group), the first bus is at 6:00, and the last bus is 19:30.
Airport Line 6: Nanyuan Airport-Xidan, passing through Fuhai Park, and the departure time is adjusted with the flight time.
Wangjing Special Line: Capital Airport-Wangjing (Civil Aviation Cadre Management College), passing through Huajiadi Beili, Nanhu Canal, West Exit of Wangjing Street and West Area of Wangjing Garden, with the first bus at 7:00 and the last bus at 23: 00; Wangjing-Capital Airport, passing through Wangjing Garden West, Wangjing Street West and Guang Shun Street North, with the first bus at 5:45 and the last bus at 20:45.
Direction of Tianjin: The departure time of Beijing Capital Airport is from 7:00 to 23: 00, and it runs every 30 minutes after 7: 00, 8:00 and 9:00, opposite to the bus stop 15; Tianjin runs every 30 minutes after 4:00 ~ 18: 00, 4:00, 5:00 and 6:00, and the bus stops at the intersection of Nanjing Road and Shanxi Road. Ticket price, 70 yuan.
Nanyuan Airport is located in Fengtai District, the southern suburb of Beijing, 5 km away from Tiananmen Square/KLOC-0, with a 4C-class runway. This is the first large-scale dual-use airport in Beijing. At present, the navigable cities are Wuxi, Jiamusi, Jingdezhen, Dalian, Harbin, Hailar, Chengdu and Hohhot.
Transportation: Take bus 13, 62, Yuntong 16+05, 6 10, 369, 353 and 953 and get off at the south exit of Xinhua Road.
railway
Beijing is the national railway hub, with six passenger train stations.
Beijing Railway Station is located at No.A 13, MAO house bay hutong, Dongcheng District, and can be reached by subway or bus. Beijing Railway Station is a national special railway passenger station, which mainly undertakes the passenger transport tasks of Jingshan, Qin Jing, Beijing-Shanghai, Jingcheng, Jingyuan and Baojing lines, and there are international and international combined passenger trains bound for Pyongyang, Ulaanbaatar and Moscow.
Beijing West Railway Station is located at Guanglian Road 19, Fengtai District. From downtown, you can take the subway 1 line and get off at the Military Museum Station. Beijing West Railway Station is also a special station, and the trains from here cover major cities in South China, Southwest China and Northwest China.
Beijing South Railway Station is located atNo. Yongwai 12, Chongwen District. It was put into operation in August 2008. Xinnan Station has become the most modern railway station in Beijing and the starting point of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway.
Beijing North Railway Station is Xizhimen Railway Station. Take Metro Line 2 and get off at Xizhimen Station. The railway station, designed and built by Zhan Tianyou, has been listed as a first-class cultural relic protection building in Beijing. The station mainly transports tourists to Badaling and Kangxi grasslands in the suburbs of Beijing.
Beijing East Railway Station, located at No.7 Baiziwan Road, Chaoyang District, is a freight-oriented passenger and freight station.
Fengtai Railway Station, located at No.4 Zhengyang Street, Fengtai District, is a comprehensive special station integrating passengers, goods, transportation and equipment.
highway
There are 12 national highways radiating from Beijing in all directions, which can reach Shenyang, Tianjin, Harbin, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Nanjing, Fuzhou and Kunming respectively.
There are nine expressways in Beijing: Badaling Expressway, Capital Airport Expressway, Shen Jing Expressway, Jingjintang Expressway, Shi Jing Expressway, Zhangjing Expressway, Jingcheng Expressway, Jingha Expressway and Jingkai Expressway.
There is a 19 coach station in Beijing.
Beijing has now opened direct passenger transportation to Benxi and Liaoyang expressways. Both lines run on the Beijing-Shenyang Expressway, and meals are provided free of charge on the way. The total length of Benxi line is 820km, and the fare is 195 yuan, which runs every day. 10: 30am departs from Bawangfen Long-distance Bus Terminal (partially departs from Sihui Station), and Benxi Bus Terminal returns at 20: 00am. The total length of Liaoyang Line is 700km, and the fare is 170 yuan. It also runs every day. Depart from Bawangfen long-distance bus terminal at 1 1:00 in the morning and return to Liaoyang bus terminal at 22:00.
bus
The unified fare for urban buses is 1 yuan, and the starting price for suburban buses is 1 yuan. According to the distance, the fare will be charged according to 0.5 yuan or 1 yuan, and the fare of air-conditioned cars is more expensive than that of ordinary cars. It is recommended to apply for a bus card, which has great discount and convenient use.
Bus card: According to the regulations of Beijing Municipal Government, anyone who swipes a card will enjoy a 60% discount on the ticket, and students can apply for a student card with their student ID card, with a 20% discount on the fare. It can be handled in subway stations, some bus hubs and big shopping malls, and the deposit is 20 yuan. (Both the subway window of Beijing Railway Station and the bus hub of Beijing West Railway Station can be handled, and the acceptance point will get off work at 7 pm)
Time ticket card: 3-day card fare 10 yuan, limited within 3 days 18 times; 7-day card fare 20 yuan, limited to 42 times in 7 days; 15 card fare in 40 yuan, limited to 90 times a day on 15. You can take the urban bus lines except the prefix "9", excluding the subway. Deposit, 20 yuan.
Tourist-only route
There are many kinds of tourist buses in Beijing. One is a tourist bus that starts with the word "tour". The fare depends on the distance, luxury cars and air-conditioned cars, generally between 30-70 yuan, in which 1 to 5 branch lines leave every day, and bus lines and shuttle buses from 6-to 18 leave on Saturday, Sunday and legal holidays. In addition, there are buses with the prefix "9" (20% off with one card) and single-day buses.
Human tricycles
Passenger tricycles in Beijing are generally gathered in the transportation center and tourist hotspots in the city center. Due to the serious traffic jam in taxis on holidays, people choose tricycles that can wear hutongs. In addition, it is very convenient to see the street scene by tricycle, so the cost of tricycle is slightly higher than that of taxi.
Bicycle; Bicycle exercise
Many big hotels in Beijing have the business of renting bicycles, and the daily rent is around 20 ~ 30 yuan. If you want to have a more thorough understanding of Beijing, you might as well rent a semi-new bike, and then you can enjoy walking in the hutongs in the city center.
Other tourist trains
Every day, there are special tourist trains from several railway stations in Beijing to various scenic spots in the suburbs of Beijing. Beijing Railway Station, Beijing North Railway Station, Beijing South Railway Station and Beijing Railway International Travel Service can all buy holiday train tickets. Visitors can buy tickets for tourist attractions at designated railway ticketing places, and there is no need to buy tickets after arriving at the scenic spots. With the ticket, you can take the outbound trains of Beijing Railway Station, Beijing North Railway Station and Beijing South Railway Station for free.
subway
At present, there are subway 1 line, subway line 2, subway line 5, subway Batong line and subway 13 line (light rail) in Beijing. Line 1 starts from the apple orchard in the west and ends at Sihui East Station in the east; Line 2 passes through Xizhimen, Fuxingmen, Hepingmen, Qianmen and Beijing Railway Station. Batong Line Sihui to Tuqiao. The first bus is usually at 5 o'clock in the morning and the last bus is around 23 o'clock in the evening. The fare is 739 yuan, and there is no discount for one card.
Located at the southern foot of Yang Cuiling, Ming Yongling is the tomb of Zhu Hou, the Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, and three Empresses Chen, Fang and Du.
The construction of Yongling Mausoleum was in the fifteenth year after Emperor Sejong ascended the pole. It was the "first merit" he built when he was in office. However, the location of Buxuanling was when Empress Chen died in the seventh year of Jiajing (1528). At that time, Sejong ordered Zhang Cong, assistant minister, and Luo Yongqing, minister of war, to choose the mausoleum for Queen Chen. At the same time, I also secretly chose my own tomb.
Luo Yongqing was famous for his mastery of Feng Shui during Jiajing period. After he came to Tianshou Mountain, he chose two auspicious places, Acorn Ridge and Shibadaoling, for Sejong. Later, Sejong led Qin ministers and officials to visit two auspicious places that Luo Yongqing chose for him. After reading it, I thought that Shibadaoling had the best feng shui and decided to build a mausoleum there. But still not at ease, he sent people to Jiangxi to find the descendants of famous Feng Shui masters Yang Junsong, Emperor Zeng Wendi and Liao Sanchuan to check again. Finally, Shibadaoling was determined as the location of the mausoleum. Sejong suspected that the name of Eighteen Ridges Mountain was indecent, so he changed his name to "Yang Cuiling". On April 22nd, the 15th year of Jiajing (1636), the work of Daling started. Emperor Sejong personally presided over the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Changling, and Hou Guoxun and Wuding Assistant Minister Shi Li were ordered to build the Prime Minister's Mountain Mausoleum. On this day, the repair works of seven other mausoleums, Shinto Stone in Changling and Stone Terrace began.
During the construction process, Sejong planned to build in accordance with the provisions of Changling, but it was difficult to explain the text. He said to the ministers insincerely, "The system of the mausoleum is similar to that of Changling, so it must be severely suppressed and killed, and sweaters and coffins are often remembered." Ministers got the news from Sejong, and the design of the mausoleum for Sejong's imperial view was only slightly smaller than that of Changling, so it was quickly approved by Sejong.
After about 7- 1 1 year of operation, the construction of Yongling is basically completed. Compared with the former Seven Mausoleums, the completed Yongling Mausoleum is really unique.
The first is large-scale. In ancient times, the size of the cemetery depended on the rules of the tomb hall, Ming building and Baocheng. According to "Daming Hui Dian", the diameter of Yongling Treasure City is 8 1 piece, with seven double eaves and nine left and right side halls, which is second only to Changling and exceeds the system of sacrifice, scenery, abundance, Mao, Tai and Kang Ling. Its _ en facade is five rooms wide, which is equal to Changling, and then only Dingling is made of it. In addition, in addition to the square yard and Baocheng of Yongling, there is also a Wailuocheng that was not found in the first seven tombs. Its system is "long, stone meticulous, fine, Changling planning heart, not as good as also." In the outer Luocheng, there are five kitchens on the left and five warehouses on the right, and there are east-west long streets modeled after the system of the deep palace and the eternal lane. "Illustration of the Mausoleum of the Emperor" once recorded the origin of Luocheng: "Yongling has been built, which is extremely magnificent, and it is the highest among the seven tombs. Emperor Deng Yang Cuiling visited the Ministry of Industry and said,' Is my mausoleum here?' The minister said quickly, "There is Joo Won? outside". So all around _ build by laying bricks or stones, the wall is thick and strong. Although Xiaoling never existed, Dingling has been effective since then. "Of course, this passage is from hearsay. Because, according to the Records of Shizong in the Ming Dynasty (volume 187), the system of eternal mausoleum drawn up by Xia Yan and others at that time was based on the will of Emperor Shizong, and the imperial concubine was considered from the burial form to the cemetery system. More precisely, Emperor Sejong wanted to bury his concubines in his own cemetery (though not in a mysterious palace), so Xia Yan and others designed Wailuocheng, so that all the imperial concubines could be buried in Wailuocheng, and the burial place was planned to be "outside Baoshan, in front of the Ming building", that is, outside the left and right palace walls in front of the Ming building, from left to right. Later, although the tomb of Sejong's concubine was not built in Wailuocheng as originally agreed, Wailuocheng was built as originally planned.
The masonry buildings in Yongling, the sacred monument with novel shape, the unique platform design of Baocheng, the Baocheng battlements with mottled stones, and the royal stone carvings with the pattern of "Dragon, Phoenix and Pearl Play" in _ Endian and _ Enmen were all absent in previous tombs. These practices were later imitated by Dingling.
Because of the exquisite materials and broad regulations of Yongling, Qin Long's Chronicle of Changping in the Ming Dynasty called it "the heavy doors are strict and deep, the hall is magnificent and profound, the building is magnificent, and the pine and cypress are green, just like the fairy palace." Its regulation is accurate to Changling, but Wei Li is exquisite. "The completion of Yongling spent a lot of money in the national treasury. According to Records of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, there were 40,000 officers and men of 3rd Battalion who participated in the construction of Yongling at that time. In addition, in the sixteenth year of Jiajing (1537), the construction of the new palace and the sacred pavilion in the mausoleum area and the internal and external projects of the palace cost more than 302,000 yuan per month. However, at that time, the silver stored in the warehouse of the Ministry of Industry was only one million taels, so it was very difficult to repair the mausoleum. To this end, Sejong had to adopt the opinions of ministers and help the palace bell by accepting the example of silver.
During the fifty to fifty-two years of Qianlong reign in Qing Dynasty (1785— 1787), when the imperial court renovated the Ming Tombs, Yongling was also renovated. At that time, although the _ Enmen and _ Endian in Yongling were "damaged when the rafters stopped, and the rafters, purlins, purlins and mats were also rotten", their large wooden frames were not greatly damaged due to their gorgeous materials and elaborate construction. Jin Jian (Shangshu of the Ministry of Industry), Cao (Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Industry) and other ministers in charge of repairing the Ming Tombs should all suggest repairing the Ming Tombs according to the original system. However, due to the large scope of repair, Nanmu has been "chiseled away" during the Qianlong period. If it is still repaired like this, it will be more difficult for Changling and Yongling to buy big trees. After discussion, we put forward such a situation. The yongling palace gate and the palace gate will be composed of two wooden boards, and the five rooms and three rooms of the palace gate will be built according to the regulations of each mausoleum. "In their view," not only the scale of Changling will remain unchanged, but also the palace of Yongling will be neatly restored and treated together with all the tombs, and the scenery will be spectacular and open. "Today, this proposal does not conform to the principle of' repairing old buildings as old', but it can only be done at that time, because Emperor Qianlong ordered the repair of the Ming Tombs, with the aim of softening the relationship between Manchu and Han nationalities and maintaining the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and its political purpose was in the first place. As long as the political goal is achieved, it is not important whether the cemetery conforms to the original system. According to this proposal, the funds for tomb repair will be lowered. As a result, the memorial of Jin Jian and others was presented to the court, and soon Emperor Qianlong was allowed to play it. Therefore, the _ En Gate and _ En Temple in Yongling were built on a reduced scale: _ En Temple consists of seven (50.65 meters wide) and five (27.72 meters deep). It was reduced to five rooms' (width 25.9 1 m) and three rooms' (depth 14.4 m), and the roof of the temple was transformed from double eaves to single eaves. _ Enmen, from five rooms with a width of 26.26m and two rooms with a depth of11.26m, reduced to three rooms with a width of12.3m and three rooms with a depth of 8.7m.. The shape of the single-eaves rest peak has not changed.
During the Republic of China, the _ Endian and _ Enmen rebuilt during the Qianlong period collapsed one after another. Up to now, the abutment still completely retains the pillar cornerstone for rebuilding the back door and hall. There are not many pillars in the gates and temples in the Ming Dynasty, but it can be seen that their volumes are obviously larger than those after reconstruction. Among them, the existing stone drum mirror with double eaves and golden columns in Ming Dynasty in _ En Hall has a diameter of 1.2 m, which is only 2 cm smaller than that in Changling. As you can imagine, the nanmu column in Yongling _ Endian in Ming Dynasty is also very thick. & gt