Hong Chengchou (1593- 1665) Yan Yan, Hengjiu. A native of Duyingxia Meixiang (now Liangshan Village), Nan 'an, Fujian.
Du Ying is located in the west of Nan 'an, bordering on Chadu 'anxi County, China. The town is home to nearly 60,000 Hong clan relatives, and more than 30,000 people live in Southeast Asian countries, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. It is one of the famous hometown of overseas Chinese in Nan 'an.
Du Yinghong's ancestors attached importance to education, cultivated fields and cultivated children, and talented people came forth in large numbers. According to Weng Shan Zhi, there were 16 Jinshi in the Ming and Qing Dynasties alone, including 65 central secret students, 63 tribute students and 570 Jinshi who passed the official and academy examinations. Government officials 2 1, provincial officials 14, state officials 37, county officials 44. Among them, Hong Tinggui's grandparents and grandchildren are ten scholars in four generations, Hong Chengchou and his son are two scholars, and Hong and his son are more praised by the world. The couplet at the entrance of the East-West Pavilion of Wushijia Temple in Du Ying reads: "Xie Yuan will preach Humboldt, and it will be the vest of' Xianggong Hou Jun'" and Tai Fang Bodavdi of Xi 'an will serve as the chief secretary of the marquis's family. Since ancient times, the British capital has been known as "the land of the rich, the land of hidden dragons and crouching tigers".
Hong Chengchou's family background.
Great-grandfather Hong Yiyu was modest and itchy in the middle of Ming Dynasty. Factor Sun Gui, to Dr. Zhong Xian, to Dr. Tai Fu, the Prince, and the University of Wuyang Hall. Great-grandmother Lin, to the imperial secretary and Mrs. Yipin. Son three: long view, second rank, and third assistance.
Grandfather Hong has a rank, a word forever, and a person. It was given to Senior Minister, Ministry of War Shangshu and right deputy director of Douchayuan. Grandmother Dai gave birth to a posthumous child after her husband died. Show filial piety and give it to your wife. Son 3: Chang Ji, Er Ji, San Ji.
Hong Chengchou's first wife, Li, married Liu. Son 1: Shi Ming (Li Chu).
Son: Hong Shiming, whose fame is getting bigger and bigger, is called Wei Xuan. Thirty Jinshi from the Palace Examination, Shunzhi, B, Wake, Qing Dynasty. Cheng, head of the ceremony department of Dali Temple, and Zhengqing of Taichang Temple. Son of daughter-in-law Lin 1:
Grandson: Hong, a scholar, whose word is Chao Zong. Prince and son-in-law of Heshuo in Qing Dynasty-Attached.
As a matter of fact, Hong Chengchou's great-grandfather, grandfather and father have never been senior officials, because the descendants have prominent positions and are kind to their parents and ancestors, and knighthood is not a real role.
Hong Chengchou's life story
I. adolescence
Hong Chengchou was born on September 22nd in the 21st year of Wanli in Ming Shenzong (1593). At that time, his father Qixi was born in poverty and went out to make a living. His mother, Fu Shi, was taken back to her family by her parents. Hong Chengchou was born in the home of his grandfather Fu Yuanwai in Jintian Village, Fengzhou. According to the custom of southern Fujian, the house would rather borrow someone to die than life, which means that it is afraid that Feng Shui Long Mai will be taken away. Grandparents didn't care, but uncles and aunts were unhappy, so when Hong Chengchou was just full moon, his mother took him back to his hometown in Du Ying. An important factor of Hong Chengchou's success is that Hong's mother is polite and teaches her children well. Hong Chengchou was smart, studious and quick-thinking, and was deeply loved by teachers. At the age of seven, he was enlightened by the overflow hall in the stream. When he was eight years old, his grandfather died. He recited a short eulogy with the Classic of Three Characters, which was praised by relatives and friends present. 1/kloc-0 dropped out of school to help his mother sell fried tofu. Because of helping students in Shuigou Pavilion pair up, Mr. Hong, who is familiar with him, takes Hong Chengchou to school for free. When studying in Shuigou Library, Hong Chengchou often borrowed books from his teacher's house to read besides finishing his studies. I have learned a lot from Historical Records, History as a Mirror, History of the Three Kingdoms and Sun Tzu's Art of War. Once he wrote an article about his reading experience, and the teacher clapped his hands and wrote a comment on "Little Ma Qianli, a country with a thousand kings", praising Hong Chengchou's ambition when he was young. Later, Hong Chengchou transferred to Quanzhou Chengbei College to study, and his academic performance was excellent.
Second, one of the official careers, etiquette in the late Ming Dynasty.
In the 43rd year of Wanli (16 15), when Hong Chengchou was 23 years old, he got 19 as a candidate. In the second year, he was admitted to Dimethyl 17 Jinshi. From then on, Hong Chengchou entered the official career and took charge of punishments. In Langzhong, Zhejiang has learned something, and Jiangxi has settled in as an agreement. In the seventh year of the apocalypse, he served as the governor of Shaanxi. In the third year of Chongzhen, Hong Chengchou was appointed as the governor to suppress the peasant rebels. In four years, he served as the governor of Shaanxi Trilateral, pursuing Longdong East and Shanxi West Rebels. In seven years, the Ministry of War was awarded the title of Shangshu, and the governor passed the military affairs of five provinces. Eleven years, led the troops to break the Tongguan Nanyuan Rebel Army, and Li Zicheng was defeated by Shangluo Mountain. In ten years, Hong Chengchou moved to the northern battlefield, concentrated his forces and adopted panic-stricken tactics one by one to defeat the rebels, which made great contributions to the Ming Dynasty. In 12 years, Hong Chengchou awarded the Governor of Jiliao and became an official in the late Ming Dynasty.
Third, aid Jin Kangqing and capture Songshan.
In the thirteenth year of Chongzhen, the Qing Emperor Taizong led the troops around Jinzhou, and the border was in a hurry. In fourteen years, Hong Chengchou ordered eight company commanders, 130,000 troops and one year's supplies to leave Shanhaiguan for Ningyuan to save Jinzhou. Hong Chengchou advocated maintaining wars by fighting, step by step, trapping the enemy, and then clearing the way. Chen Xinjia, the minister of the Ministry of War, advocated speed clearance with ulterior motives and appointed Zhang Ruolin as the army supervisor, which made it difficult for Hong Chengchou to take it easy. Coupled with the food being robbed and no reinforcements, the soldiers have no fighting spirit. The company commander Wang Pu led his troops to flee first, and the whole army fled for their lives. They were ambushed by the Qing army and suffered heavy losses. They retreated to Songshan. Hong Chengchou was trapped in Songshan City for half a year and was in a difficult situation. On the night of February 15 18, Xia Chengde, deputy commander of Songshan Chengwei, made a secret appointment with the Qing army. Songshan City was broken and Hong Chengchou was captured.
Fourth, assess the situation, sum up experience and define the future.
Hong Chengchou was sent to Shengjing and was ordered to shave his head and surrender easily. Hong Chengchou refused to shave his head and lengthen his neck. He "just wants to die quickly", fasted for seven days, and still "doesn't want to die". The reason is that Huang Taiji accepted the opinions of Fan Wencheng and Zhang Cunren, and strived for Hong Chengchou's submission, being polite and kind, and went to his cell to solve the problem of mink and fur. After much deliberation, Hong Chengchou saw that the political corruption in the Ming court was irreversible. I also saw the vigorous rise of the Qing court, and the kings of the two dynasties had their own thoughts, which was the general trend of the Qing dynasty. It means submission. However, in the past two years, Hong Chengchou was still observing the changes of the current situation, neither serving as an official nor serving the Qing court. In March of the 17th year, Li Zicheng went to Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen weeping willows. Hong Chengchou saw the complete collapse of the Ming Dynasty. In order to save the Chinese nation in from the mire and reduce the loss of life, he was determined to work for the Qing court to unify China.
Five, Wen Tao's military strategy, liquidation hero.
On May 2nd of the first year of Shunzhi, Hong Chengchou entered Beijing with the Qing army. Dourgen accepted Hong Chengchou's opinion, and the records announced the king's order, hired the Ming Dynasty to surrender, set up a county government, stabilized social order, did not slaughter people, burned houses, plundered property, restrained military discipline, and did not commit crimes in autumn; Free of three salaries, the burden on the people is light. Hong Chengchou still went into the inner court to assist in the maintenance with the title of Prince Taibao, Minister of War, and right deputy of Duchayuan, and was awarded the secretariat college student. With the help of participating in the national plan, Hong Chengchou put forward a series of measures to build the Qing regime and stabilize social order, such as cracking down on the Ming system, protecting the people, selecting talents, learning Chinese and reading Confucian books, so as to promote social development.
In the second year of Shunzhi, Hong Chengchou was entrusted with the important task of appealing to the military college students of the governors of southern provinces, and adopted the strategy of "caressing first, suppressing second". Politically, contact the landlord of Han nationality, on the condition of "retaining the original official", enlist the thirteen governments of Anhui and Jiangxi, surrender Zheng Zhilong, and let the Qing army enter Fujian; Militarily, it disintegrated the anti-Qing forces of Zhang Jinyan, the former minister of the Ministry of War of Ming Dynasty, and gradually tamed more than 40 villages in Henan, Hubei and Hunan provinces. Culturally, scholars are constantly recruited (according to legend, there is a clause that "China women's top scholar is dissatisfied with not entering the official position"), and national cultural traditions are promoted so that newcomers can participate in politics organically; Economically, please give Suzhou and Hangzhou tax relief and stop collecting grain. These measures have played a positive role in easing ethnic conflicts, reducing looting by soldiers and fire, reducing people's burden, stabilizing social order and promoting production development.
In ten years of Shunzhi, Hong Chengchou was ordered to be in charge of the military affairs of the governors of Huguang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. Princes, princes, generals, auxiliary governments and civil servants who are below five grades are restrained, and the military horses listen to their scheduling. "If you want to control the suppression, you can't manage it from the middle and report it afterwards." It can be seen that the Qing court has great trust in him. After he entered Huguang, he divided his troops around Hunan. Reclaiming farmland, preparing grain, training troops, repairing city defenses, and setting up naval divisions are long-term plans for "defending for war" in the military; Politically "showing off and soliciting customers"; Economically, in the fifteenth year of Shunzhi, Hong Chengchou led an army to capture Guiyang, and then divided his troops into Yunnan.
In the 16th year of Shunzhi, armies from all walks of life gathered in Kunming. While planning a plan to stabilize Yunnan, Hong Chengchou asked the court to help the border people. Shunzhi immediately sent three hundred and two thousand pieces of silver, half of which was given to the hungry people in Yunnan and Guizhou, and the other half was left to Hong.
In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi, Hong Chengchou returned to Beijing from Kunming due to a serious eye disease.
On February 17th, 4th year of Kangxi, Hong Chengchou died at the age of 73. Burial of Balizhuang outside Xizhimen, Beijing.
How to treat and evaluate Hong Chengchou correctly?
After all, history is history, and it does not depend on human will. It is absolutely not allowed to fabricate or tamper with it. To evaluate historical figures, we must be based on historical facts, seek truth from facts and evaluate objectively, so as to stand up. Violation of this principle and unfair evaluation of historical figures will be overthrown sooner or later. When Wang Hongzhi's Biography of Hong Chengchou/KLOC-0 was reprinted in May, 1997, the following sentence was specially added to the back cover: "Clarify the inside story, clarify the first merit, loyal minister?" Treacherous court official? History tells you a true conclusion. "It is to emphasize that historical facts have the most say. In his speech at the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art, Comrade Mao Zedong once put forward a standard to measure whether the ancient literary heritage is worthy of recognition: "The proletariat must first check how they treat the people and whether it has historical progressive significance." This principle and standard also apply to the evaluation of Hong Chengchou.
1. According to historical materialism, Hong Chengchou is beneficial to the people and has contributed to the society and the country in terms of its attitude towards the people and whether it has contributed to the Chinese nation in history.
Life Story has been briefly introduced. When Hong Chengchou went to Beijing with Dourgen, he put forward three chapters of "Don't slaughter people, don't burn houses and don't plunder finances", and at the same time he was exempted from three salaries. March into Jiangnan and Yunnan-Guizhou, and reduce taxes in Suzhou and Hangzhou, stop collecting grain, and ask the court to help the border people. This is the achievement of Hong Chengchou's "people-oriented, caring for people's livelihood". In addition, he also participated in the national plan and formulated a series of important measures, such as cracking down on the Ming system, recommending talents and learning Chinese, which brought peace and stability to the country. When appealing to Jiangnan, the principle of "caressing first" was adopted, and thirteen states in Anhui and Jiangxi, as well as more than forty villages in Henan, Hubei and Hunan were appealed. Surrender to Fujian Zheng Zhilong to reduce war losses and human suffering. After a short visit to the southwestern province of Wang, he implemented the policies of "defending with war", "publicizing and soliciting" and "cultivating fields", which quickly calmed down southern Xinjiang and unified the whole country. To sum up, Hong Chengchou benefits the people, the society and the country, which should be fully affirmed.
Fourth, assess the situation, sum up experience and define the future.
Hong Chengchou was sent to Shengjing and was ordered to shave his head and surrender easily. Hong Chengchou refused to shave his head and lengthen his neck. He "just wants to die quickly", fasted for seven days, and still "doesn't want to die". The reason is that Huang Taiji accepted the opinions of Fan Wencheng and Zhang Cunren, and strived for Hong Chengchou's submission, being polite and kind, and went to his cell to solve the problem of mink and fur. After much deliberation, Hong Chengchou saw that the political corruption in the Ming court was irreversible. I also saw the vigorous rise of the Qing court, and the kings of the two dynasties had their own thoughts, which was the general trend of the Qing dynasty. It means submission. However, in the past two years, Hong Chengchou was still observing the changes of the current situation, neither serving as an official nor serving the Qing court. In March of the 17th year, Li Zicheng went to Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen weeping willows. Hong Chengchou saw the complete collapse of the Ming Dynasty. In order to save the Chinese nation in from the mire and reduce the loss of life, he was determined to work for the Qing court to unify China.
Five, Wen Tao's military strategy, liquidation hero.
On May 2nd of the first year of Shunzhi, Hong Chengchou entered Beijing with the Qing army. Dourgen accepted Hong Chengchou's opinion, and the records announced the king's order, hired the Ming Dynasty to surrender, set up a county government, stabilized social order, did not slaughter people, burned houses, plundered property, restrained military discipline, and did not commit crimes in autumn; Free of three salaries, the burden on the people is light. Hong Chengchou still went into the inner court to assist in the maintenance with the title of Prince Taibao, Minister of War, and right deputy of Duchayuan, and was awarded the secretariat college student. With the help of participating in the national plan, Hong Chengchou put forward a series of measures to build the Qing regime and stabilize social order, such as cracking down on the Ming system, protecting the people, selecting talents, learning Chinese and reading Confucian books, so as to promote social development.
In the second year of Shunzhi, Hong Chengchou was entrusted with the important task of appealing to the military college students of the governors of southern provinces, and adopted the strategy of "caressing first, suppressing second". Politically, contact the landlord of Han nationality, on the condition of "retaining the original official", enlist the thirteen governments of Anhui and Jiangxi, surrender Zheng Zhilong, and let the Qing army enter Fujian; Militarily, it disintegrated the anti-Qing forces of Zhang Jinyan, the former minister of the Ministry of War of Ming Dynasty, and gradually tamed more than 40 villages in Henan, Hubei and Hunan provinces. Culturally, scholars are constantly recruited (according to legend, there is a clause that "China women's top scholar is dissatisfied with not entering the official position"), and national cultural traditions are promoted so that newcomers can participate in politics organically; Economically, please give Suzhou and Hangzhou tax relief and stop collecting grain. These measures have played a positive role in easing ethnic conflicts, reducing looting by soldiers and fire, reducing people's burden, stabilizing social order and promoting production development.
In ten years of Shunzhi, Hong Chengchou was ordered to be in charge of the military affairs of the governors of Huguang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. Princes, princes, generals, auxiliary governments and civil servants who are below five grades are restrained, and the military horses listen to their scheduling. "If you want to control the suppression, you can't manage it from the middle and report it afterwards." It can be seen that the Qing court has great trust in him. After he entered Huguang, he divided his troops around Hunan. Reclaiming farmland, preparing grain, training troops, repairing city defenses, and setting up naval divisions are long-term plans for "defending for war" in the military; Politically "showing off and soliciting customers"; Economically, in the fifteenth year of Shunzhi, Hong Chengchou led an army to capture Guiyang, and then divided his troops into Yunnan.
In the 16th year of Shunzhi, armies from all walks of life gathered in Kunming. While planning a plan to stabilize Yunnan, Hong Chengchou asked the court to help the border people. Shunzhi immediately sent three hundred and two thousand pieces of silver, half of which was given to the hungry people in Yunnan and Guizhou, and the other half was left to Hong.
In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi, Hong Chengchou returned to Beijing from Kunming due to a serious eye disease.
On February 17th, 4th year of Kangxi, Hong Chengchou died at the age of 73. Burial of Balizhuang outside Xizhimen, Beijing.
How to treat and evaluate Hong Chengchou correctly?
After all, history is history, and it does not depend on human will. It is absolutely not allowed to fabricate or tamper with it. To evaluate historical figures, we must be based on historical facts, seek truth from facts and evaluate objectively, so as to stand up. Violation of this principle and unfair evaluation of historical figures will be overthrown sooner or later. When Wang Hongzhi's Biography of Hong Chengchou/KLOC-0 was reprinted in May, 1997, the following sentence was specially added to the back cover: "Clarify the inside story, clarify the first merit, loyal minister?" Treacherous court official? History tells you a true conclusion. "It is to emphasize that historical facts have the most say. In his speech at the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art, Comrade Mao Zedong once put forward a standard to measure whether the ancient literary heritage is worthy of recognition: "The proletariat must first check how they treat the people and whether it has historical progressive significance." This principle and standard also apply to the evaluation of Hong Chengchou.
1. According to historical materialism, Hong Chengchou is beneficial to the people and has contributed to the society and the country in terms of its attitude towards the people and whether it has contributed to the Chinese nation in history.
Life Story has been briefly introduced. When Hong Chengchou went to Beijing with Dourgen, he put forward three chapters of "Don't slaughter people, don't burn houses and don't plunder finances", and at the same time he was exempted from three salaries. March into Jiangnan and Yunnan-Guizhou, and reduce taxes in Suzhou and Hangzhou, stop collecting grain, and ask the court to help the border people. This is the achievement of Hong Chengchou's "people-oriented, caring for people's livelihood". In addition, he also participated in the national plan and formulated a series of important measures, such as cracking down on the Ming system, recommending talents and learning Chinese, which brought peace and stability to the country. When appealing to Jiangnan, the principle of "caressing first" was adopted, and thirteen states in Anhui and Jiangxi, as well as more than forty villages in Henan, Hubei and Hunan were appealed. Surrender to Fujian Zheng Zhilong to reduce war losses and human suffering. After a short visit to the southwestern province of Wang, he implemented the policies of "defending with war", "publicizing and soliciting" and "cultivating fields", which quickly calmed down southern Xinjiang and unified the whole country. To sum up, Hong Chengchou benefits the people, the society and the country, which should be fully affirmed.