However, there is a well-preserved mausoleum in the Valley of the Kings, which has preserved more than 5,000 precious cultural relics for future generations. The owner of this mausoleum is the Pharaoh Tutankhamun of the 18th dynasty in ancient Egypt more than 3,000 years ago.
Lifting its veil is an eye-opener. It not only makes people see the funeral system and etiquette of the Pharaoh during the New Kingdom period 3,200 years ago, but also the Pharaoh's appearance, clothing, daily necessities, precious works of art, chariots and horses weapons and so on. It also truly reflects the social economy, political thought, religious culture, science and technology and other aspects of the New Kingdom period 3200 years ago. Some archaeologists excitedly called Tutankhamun's mausoleum "the epitome of the new kingdom society in Egypt", which should be no exaggeration. 1922, when this discovery was made public, the whole world was shocked. From 1972 to 1976, some precious cultural relics and rare treasures unearthed from Tutankhamun's mausoleum were exhibited in London and Washington, attracting thousands of European and American audiences. It was British Egyptian scientist howard carter who completed the search and excavation of Tutankhamun's mausoleum. 19 At the end of the 20th century, a large number of uninvited guests poured into the Valley of the Kings, including archaeologists who devoted themselves to science and travelers with ulterior motives. The Valley of the Kings suffered an unprecedented catastrophe. Many graves have been dug up at will, and many treasures have disappeared. Just then, Carter also came to Egypt. After comparing the name of the owner of the excavated tomb with the ancient Egyptian literature, he came to the conclusion that the tomb of a Pharaoh Tutankhamun who died prematurely was buried in the valley and unknown to people. With the support of a British rich man, Carter made a huge scientific excavation plan. But because of the outbreak of World War I, it was forced to shelve. It was not until after the war that his plan was carried out.
However, many projects and huge costs, from1917 ~1921year, have achieved nothing, making Carter's sponsors almost lose confidence. At the critical moment of this matter, an exciting news came, which was scientifically identified: 1907, some of the cultural relics unearthed were ritual vessels used in the ceremony of making Tutankhamun's mummy. This shows that Tutankhamun's mausoleum is close at hand. This scientific inference. There is no doubt that Carter's sponsor was injected with stimulants. Decided to continue his investment, lest the excavation work die prematurely. The excavation finally succeeded. The ancient and mysterious tomb of Tutankhamun has been rediscovered. This news shocked the world and had a far-reaching impact on archaeology and history. According to ancient Egyptian historical materials and legends, Tutankhamun's life is limited to the following situations: he was born about 1370 BC, formerly known as Tutankhamun. Around136 BC1year, he became king of Egypt. At that time, he was only 10 years old and married the 12-year-old princess of Akhenaten, king of the 18 dynasty. He died suddenly after nine years in office at the age of 18 (some people think it is 19, that is, 1352 BC). There is no detailed record of his death in ancient Egyptian literature. Historians are deeply skeptical about whether he died of disease. Because judging from some circumstances after his death, we have to let future generations have some questions.
It was not until his mausoleum was discovered that people ruled out the possibility of his "death". Tutankhamun's mummy was sealed in a heavy coffin. The outer four layers are gold-plated wooden sticks, and the innermost layer is a gold coffin cover, which is made into the image of Pharaoh himself and covered on the mummy. When the last layer of linen wrapped around his body was uncovered, archaeologists were shocked: there was a fatal wound on his face near his left ear! It can be inferred that he didn't die of disease, but was suddenly stabbed by a sharp weapon. Whether he committed suicide or homicide, if he was murdered, who was the murderer and how the young Pharaoh died is still an eternal mystery. To solve this mystery, we must understand the sharp and complicated political struggle situation in Egypt in his time.
At that time, the ruling class in Egypt was mainly composed of two parts. They have a plenty of emerging military aristocrats headed by the king; Others belong to court nobles and local nobles, including the influential Amun Temple Group. Amon was the highest god believed by Egyptians at that time. With the power of God, priests intervened in state affairs, even controlled the abolition of kings, and sometimes directly served as prime ministers, in charge of state power. The king thinks this is a serious threat to the kingship. During the reign of King Tutankhamun's father-in-law, Enatong, relying on military nobles, tried to ban the belief in Amon and other local gods in the form of religious reform. He closed the Temple of Amon, drove away the powerful priests, ordered all the images or characters of Amon appearing in public places or private graves to be worn away, and moved the capital to a new town 300 kilometers north of Thebes, named "Ektaton", in an attempt to get rid of the long-term influence and control of the Amon Priests Group. However, after Akhenaten's death, his reform failed completely. The little emperor who succeeded to the throne had no political experience and could never have his own independent policy. He had to compromise with Amon Group and local power groups. So the old ruling order came back to life. In order to show his worship of the sun god, he changed his name from Tutankhamun to Tutankhamun, which means "the incarnation of the sun god Adon" to show his sincere belief in the sun god. This important restoration shows that he has completely betrayed his father-in-law's political views. Can this not arouse the envy of some interest groups? This has nothing to do with his murder? In addition, there is a fact that after Tutankhamun fell to his death, the beautiful young queen asked the Hittite kingdom to send a prince to marry her in order to inherit the Egyptian throne. However, when the cheerful Hittite prince came to Egypt to get married, he was accidentally assassinated, while Ayi, an old minister who had been in power with Tutankhamun, unexpectedly succeeded to the throne. Is there no causal relationship between this fact and Tutankhamun's death? However, the existing scattered data and the judgment based on it can't make a fair historical conclusion, and the revelation of the mystery needs further study and exploration.