The tomb of Emperor Aisingiorro Michelle Ye, the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, is located at the foot of Changrui Mountain in Malanyu, Zunhua, Tangshan, east of the Qing Xiaoling Mausoleum 1 km.
Location. The mausoleum was started on February 10th in the 15th year of Kangxi (1676) and completed in the 20th year of Kangxi (168 1). Jingling is adjacent to Changrui Mountain in the north, and the architectural layout from south to north is: Shengde Shen Gong Monument Pavilion, Five-hole Arch Bridge, Wang Zhu, Stone Statue Students, Ma Xia Monument, Chef Library, Arched Gate, Tombstone Pavilion, Erzhumen, Taishi Martial Arts, Fangcheng, Minglou, Baocheng and Baoding, with underground palace under Baoding. These large and small buildings run through a complete sequence with a 9.70-meter-wide Lu Shen Road, which starts from Lu Shen Road in Xiaoling in the south and ends at Baocheng in the north. Buried in Jingling with Emperor Kangxi are: Herse Rihara, Empress Xiao Chengren (the granddaughter of Sony, assistant minister, the mother of the abandoned prince, who died in dystocia in the 13th year of Kangxi at the age of 22), Niu Zhilu, Empress Xiao Zhaoren (the daughter of assistant minister, who died in the 17th year of Kangxi), Tong Jiashi and Empress Xiao Yiren (the daughter of Tong Guowei, who died in the 28th year of Kangxi, the day before her death). He died in the first year of Yongzheng) and Zhang Jiashi, the princess of Jingmin (the mother of the thirteenth son of Yi, who was a princess in Kangxi), died in the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi and was buried in Princess Jingling Garden. In the first year of Yongzheng, he became a high-ranking imperial concubine and moved to Jingling. Jingling is the second imperial mausoleum built in Dongling in the Qing and Five Dynasties. Its building scale is slightly lower than that of Xiaoling, and the building scale takes Xiaoling as a whole, but it is innovative. For example, there are two monuments in the pavilion of St. Shen Gong; The number of stone students has been reduced to five pairs; Change Longfeng Gate to Paifang Gate, etc. Jingling has also made great changes in the burial system, creating a system of burying the queen first and then the imperial concubine; In addition, it abandoned the tradition of cremation and burial of bodies and changed to burial. The architectural style and funeral form of Jingling are mostly imitated by later generations, which plays a connecting role. In the imperial tombs of the Qing Dynasty, the sacred stone tablet pavilion was built by the successor emperor to publicize the achievements of the first emperor. Jingling Shengbei Pavilion was built from the third year of Yongzheng to the fifth year of Yongzheng (1725- 1727). According to Yong Zhengdi's wishes, two stone tablets were erected in the pavilion, engraved with Manchu and Chinese characters respectively, to record the great achievements of Emperor Kangxi for more than 60 years. The inscription, written by Yong Zhengdi, is more than 4,300 words long, which is a precious historical material for later generations to study the history of Kangxi Dynasty. The layout of the stone students in Jingling is different from that of all imperial tombs in Qing Dynasty. The sacred road from Wukong Bridge to Pailou Gate is curved due to the influence of topography, and it is the tomb of Qu Aisinjolo Michelle Ye.
Lines can't be arranged symmetrically like other mausoleums, so the architects at that time set them according to the direction of God's path, which changed the rigid mode, presented flexible and changeable effects, and reflected people's intelligence at that time. However, after the Japanese surrender in 1945, China was still in turmoil at that time. In July 1928, some grave robbers near the Qing Tombs set off the second wave of excavating the cultural relics of the Qing Tombs after Sun Dianying. In September of the same year, a local man surnamed Zhang gathered about 300 people to carry out a large-scale excavation of Jingling, opened the Jingling underground palace, which had been dusty for more than 200 years, and stole all the buried treasures. The bones of Emperor Kangxi and the Fourth Princess were scattered in the underground palace, which was terrible. The thief's mouth in Jingling Underground Palace has been "open to the outside world" for 7 years, until 1952 Qing Dongling Cultural Relics Protection Institute was established, and the thief's eloquence was blocked. Jingling is backed by Changrui Mountain and looks at Xiangshan in the south. Mountains and rivers meet. It can be said that the scenery is natural and it can be called a "good luck and good soil". But at that time, Feng Shui master and Mr. Feng Shui did not know that Jingling was located on the geological fault zone. Once affected by the earthquake, it is likely to cause the underground stones to roll down and the stone components to break. This happened in his grandson, Emperor Qianlong's Yuling underground palace. Yuling was built 67 years later than Jingling, but like Jingling, Yuling is also in a geological fault zone. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), that is, 47 years after the establishment of Yuling, two cracks appeared in the moonstone on the first stone gate of Yuling underground palace. Emperor Jiaqing immediately erected two stone pillars under the Shimen after Emperor Qianlong was buried. In 1970s, these two cracks not only became more and more serious, but also cracks in different degrees were found on the upper threshold of the second and third stone gates (because the upper threshold of the fourth stone gate was made of copper, no cracks appeared). With the approval of National Cultural Heritage Administration, 65,438+00 stone pillars were supported by the three gates of the Qing Dongling Cultural Relics Management Office. The fact that 16 years after the pillar support shows that the cracks have been effectively controlled. Without these pillars, the consequences can be imagined. Jingling is located in a geological fault zone that is more serious than Yuling. Yuling underground palace is still so serious. What about Jingling underground palace, which was built 67 years earlier than Yuling? Despite the search by grave robbers, there are still some cultural relics left in the underground palace, such as wood and silk. And every coffin is also a precious cultural relic. There are 1 emperors and 1 concubines buried in Jingling Underground Palace, with many tomb owners and noble status (the largest number of queens buried in Jingling Underground Palace) and rich funerary objects, which is called the crown of Qingling. It can be asserted that there must be many cultural relics left in Jingling underground palace. Emperor Kangxi paid attention to sand control in the Yellow River all his life, but his bones were always soaked in the water behind him. The cultural relics and coffins left in the underground palace will undoubtedly be greatly damaged if they are soaked in water containing a lot of corrosive calcium carbonate for a long time. Cleaning the underground palace can not only protect the remaining cultural relics, but also take drainage measures to prevent the underground palace from seepage, which not only effectively protects the cultural relics, but also is very beneficial to the protection of the underground palace. Emperor Kangxi was the first emperor to be buried in a coffin after entering the DPRK. Through the cleaning of Jingling underground palace, a series of problems were found, such as the shape and placement of coffins, the shape and placement of Zilai stone, Longshan stone and box. It's all caused by thunder and fire in Jingling.
You can find the answer. At the same time, it is also of great significance to understand the regulation of Xiao and Tai Ling underground palaces. There were two big fires in Jingling, which were in the 31st year of Guangxu (1905) and 1952. The Long 'en Hall was destroyed by the fire in Guangxu period, and it was not rebuilt until Xuantong period. The cause of the fire is still unknown, and it is suspected that the minister of Shouling neglected to let the fire enter the wooden palace. 1952 was caused by contact with lightning. In addition, there are many fires because the losses are less than the above two, so I won't list them one by one.