Zhu, also known as Zhong Hui, was called Huian, later called Huiweng, and later called Zhu Wengong. Originally from Wuyuan County, Huizhou Prefecture, Jiangnan East Road (now Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province), he was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture (now Youxi County, Fujian Province). Famous Neo-Confucianist, thinker, philosopher, educator, poet, representative of Fujian School, master of Confucianism, Buddha named Zhu Xi.
Zhu is the only one of the twelve philosophers in Dacheng Hall who worships Confucius Temple without being personally handed down by Confucius. Zhu is a student, a disciple of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, and served as the governor of Nankang, Jiangxi, Zhangzhou, Fujian and eastern Zhejiang. He is an honest official and promotes the construction of academies. This official worships Huan's attendance system and gives lectures to the emperor. Zhu Zhu wrote many works, such as Notes on Four Books and Sentences, Notes on Taiji, Notes on General Books, Readings of Zhouyi, Notes on Chuci, etc. Later generations compiled The Complete Collection of Zhu Zi and Zhu Xiangyu. Among them, "Notes to Four Books and Chapters" became the standard of textbooks and imperial examinations.
In the Song Dynasty, Zhu's academic attainments were the deepest and most influential. He summed up the thoughts of predecessors, especially Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty, and established a huge Neo-Confucianism system, which became the representative work of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty. His achievements were praised by later generations, and his thoughts were regarded as official studies, while he himself was mentioned as a saint with Confucius and was called "Zhu Zi". Zhu wrote The Original Meaning of the Book of Changes, listing the images of Heluo and congenital, and edited The Book of Changes with his disciples Cai and his son (Cai and Cai Shen), explaining the theory of Heluo and congenital, which was used by later generations to explain Zhu's innate thought of Heluo.
In Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, it has always been the official philosophy of the feudal ruling class, which indicates that the ideology of feudal society is more complete. In the second year of Yuan and Qing Dynasties (13 13), the imperial examination was resumed, and the imperial examination was ordered to be based on Zhu's Notes on Four Books and Sentences. In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), Zhu et al. "passed the note as the Sect" in the imperial examination. Zhu Xue became the spiritual pillar to consolidate the ruling order of feudal society. It strengthened the "three cardinal guides and five permanents" and hindered the later changes in feudal society. Zhu's theory also had a far-reaching influence on Wang Yangming's psychology in Ming Dynasty. Wang Yangming's thought of unity of knowledge and action is a breakthrough on the basis of Zhu's philosophy.
But it is such a person that his behavior is not as admirable as his knowledge.
When Zhu was in charge of the lifting of the prison in eastern Zhejiang, he had an argument with the county magistrate Tang. Both sides were very angry, so they went to court to sue each other and were deadlocked for a while. The neo-Confucian didn't consider how to persuade Tang, but moved his head. Zhu learned from many inquiries that Tang admired Yan Rui, a famous prostitute in the south of the Yangtze River at that time, so he secretly sent someone to arrest Yan Rui and tortured him, hoping to learn some news against Tang from Yan Rui to blackmail him. Unexpectedly, Yan Rui would rather die than follow, so Zhu locked her up and beat her again, but there was still no result.
Regardless of Tang's personality, Zhu's behavior is really not a gentleman's behavior, which is quite different from what he advocates. As the saying goes, good things don't go out, and bad things spread thousands of miles. This matter was soon known by others, and public opinion was in an uproar for a time. Many people admire Yan Rui, even Emperor Xiaozong knows about it. In the end, both Tang and Zhu were dismissed for this matter.
According to the Records of the Four Dynasties, although Zhu kept saying "remoulding people's desires and restoring justice", in the second year of Song Qingyuan (1 196), Shen Jizu, the state supervisor, listed a large number of facts and revealed that his words and deeds were different: he once took two beautiful women out for a trip and lured them with sweet words. In addition, Zhu's eldest daughter-in-law became pregnant after her husband died; I don't know filial piety and abuse my old mother; Take the opportunity of children's wedding celebration to receive red envelopes, "between one year old and tens of thousands"; Opening schools, raising prices and charging high tuition fees without authorization under the signboard of well-known scholars; Instructing the children of family members to steal other people's cattle (ancient felony) and eat and drink after slaughter.
In addition, Zhu also forcibly occupied the trees left on Fan Ranzu to build his own private house, falsely accused the original owner and convicted him. As mentioned earlier, Zhu attached importance to Feng Shui and chose a grave for his mother. How did this cemetery come from? He had an archer's parents' grave dug in Chong 'an to bury his mother, regardless of other people's ancestors being exposed in the wilderness.
Hypocrisy should be the best evaluation of him.