Zen House is located in Guangchang Road, Lucheng District, which has witnessed the long cultural history of Wenzhou for thousands of years. An ancient city with a history of more than 2000 years. As early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Wang Dongou, the eighth son of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, established the capital. According to the lost article in Yuejueshu, "Dongou was built by Wang Yue, that is, Fan Li, the King of Yue, built it in Zhou Yuanwang in four years". But where is the urban construction of Ouyue? Is it really a model? Historians are still controversial and difficult to verify. However, Yongjia County was built in the first year of Taining in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (323) and the city was built on the 18th, but the evidence is conclusive. The city wall is slightly rectangular, with Oujiang River in the north, mountains in the east and west, and Huichang Lake in the south. There are seven gates in the city, namely Zhenhai Gate, Ruian Gate, Yongning Gate, Frye Gate, Yingen Gate, Yongqing Gate and Wangjiangmen. Although the ruins of the old city base can still be vaguely identified, it is still a mystery whether there is a watchtower on the wall. If it is inferred that the bridge building in China began in the Western Han Dynasty, there should be ancient buildings such as the Drum Tower, but there is no cultural and historical basis.
Today, the pagoda standing in the center of the old town of Wenzhou was built by Qian Liu, the king of Wu Yueguo in the Five Dynasties, when he was the secretariat of Wenzhou during the reign of Qian Chuanguan (887-94 1). According to historical records, at the end of the Tang Dynasty, there were many wars in Fanzhen, and Wenzhou was also at war for years. In 907 AD, when the Tang Dynasty perished, Huang Zhu, the king of Liang Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor, making me the king of Zhenhai (852-932, a native of Lin 'an, Zhejiang Province), one of the five dynasties and ten countries, with Hangzhou as its capital. Wenzhou is an important town in the south of Wu Yue State, so it is highly valued by Qian Liu. His son was instructed by his father to stay in Wenzhou, operate calmly and strengthen military defense to ensure long-term security. So while restoring the old city (that is, Lucheng built in the Jin Dynasty), the inner city (known as Qianzicheng in history) was built. Qianchuan built a sub-city, focused on building water conservancy, prospering commerce and developing maritime traffic, which made Wenzhou form a stable situation. Later, Qian Chuanguan returned to Hangzhou, where Governor Zhang Wu made Wenzhou ambassador and carried out the established decision.
Since 907 AD, Zicheng has been built, with a circumference of three miles and fifteen steps (with an area of about 6.72 square kilometers), and the side roads and ditches are well-behaved. The city is square, with Dagong Bridge in the east, Yufeng Bridge and curling pool in the south, Chengxi Street in the west and Cang Qiao in the north. Cheng Zizhou is surrounded by a moat, and a bridge gate is built on the river to connect the inside and outside of the city. There is a tower on each of the four gates. According to historical records, after the completion of the "Qian's Zicheng", it was used for more than 440 years, and it was destroyed in the Yuan Dynasty, leaving only the South Gate Tower.
Thousands of years of vicissitudes
Throughout China's Zen Buildings, he is undoubtedly like an old man who has read all the vicissitudes of history, and his body is full of lingering memories of ancient times: Zen Buildings began in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin Dynasty, and were rebuilt in the Tang and Song Dynasties, once rejuvenating.
The bridge buildings in Wenzhou have experienced thousands of years of wind and rain. It seems that the most beautiful time was February of Song Jianyian's fourth year (1 129). It was an era of war. Jinbing invaded the Central Plains and soon captured Bianjing (now Kaifeng). The fatuous Huidi and Qin have been captured. Kang Wang Zhao Gou (nine sons of Song Huizong) fought overseas, supported ten thousand people, proclaimed himself emperor, and was called the Southern Song Dynasty. After moving south to Yangzhou as the capital. Nomads from the Yellow River crossed again, cut the Song Dynasty on a large scale, chased and fled Yangzhou in a hurry, passing through Zhenjiang and Suzhou and Hangzhou, and was forced to continue south after Jin and Ming, passing through Yuezhou and Mingzhou, and finally arrived in Wenzhou and lived in Fusaiji. Wenzhou satrap Lu Zhiyuan and scholar-bureaucrat Xue Bi asked Gaozong to move into the county seat. On February 17 of the lunar calendar, Emperor Gaozong moved from Jiangxin to Wenzhou, and Royal Guards entered from Gongbeimen (now Shuomen). Father and ordinary people made flowers, burned incense to welcome him, and then passed through the main street, Wuma Street and Xinjie Street, and passed through the dead building to stay in Dazhouzhi (Wenzhou Yamen), and changed the Zhouzhi Yamen into a palace.
When the historical rings rolled to the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolian aristocratic rulers were afraid of the confrontation of the Han people, so they ordered all the cities in the country to be demolished, and the inner and outer cities of Wenzhou were not spared. In the 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1353), all its east, west and north walls and three gates were destroyed, and only the South Gate Tower was preserved to this day.
convenient to use
Although it survived, the fate of the pagoda is still troubled, and it has been repaired since the Yuan Dynasty. During the reign of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, the pagoda was destroyed by a military disaster, rebuilt in the 12th year of Kangxi (1673), and restored in the years of Yongzheng, Qianlong and Daoguang. In the late 1920s, a four-story western-style bell tower imitating Roman style was built more than 0/00 meters away from the pagoda/kloc-and an advanced mechanical giant clock was installed. After the completion of the bell tower, it echoes the drum tower from a distance, providing convenience for the people to master the time. Soon, a modern alarm was added to the bell tower, which played an important role in preventing enemy air strikes in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The stone tablets on the south and north arches of the Bell Tower, which are even more memorable to the old people, are engraved with the characters "Dongou Famous Town" and "Great Viewer" respectively. They are still clearly visible 100 meters away from the building, which embodies the cultural heritage of Ouyue and is full of strong cultural atmosphere.
1925, the old Wenzhou public library set up a branch in Qiaolou. 1928, the pagoda was turned into a mass education hall to raise funds for training, set up books, give lectures, popularize science and entertain. , but also held mass evening schools to popularize education. During the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese invaded the temperature, and books and utensils disappeared. 1946, the citizens donated money to decorate again.
After the founding of New China, the ancient pagoda was once neglected. In order to solve the housing difficulties of citizens, in 1950s, the watchtower was changed into a two-story building, which was occupied by relevant departments and family members for a long time, and the watchtower lost its original dignity.
198 1 year, the pagoda was listed as a municipal cultural relics protection unit in Wenzhou, but it was in disrepair for a long time. 199 1 year, the municipal people's government allocated special funds to rebuild the cultural heritage and cultural relics of the motherland. After hearing the news, Mr. Wu, a Taiwanese from Wenzhou, generously donated 500,000 yuan. The restoration project was presided over by the Municipal Cultural Relics Management Office, designed by the Architectural Design and Research Institute of Southeast University and constructed by Linhai Construction Engineering Company. Construction started in June 1993 1 1. In August of the following year, an ancient pagoda that basically kept its original appearance appeared in front of people with a brand-new look.
The renovated watchtower covers a total area of 356 square meters and is surrounded by spacious platforms. The granite carved guardrail on the periphery echoes the pavilion repaired in the middle. Cornice carved railing, blue tile red column, strong beam and column, rigorous structure. The bottom of the city gate is made of stone, and the vault is made of Daqing brick, with a height of 4.20 meters and a width of 4.75 meters. Besides, the watchtower is newly carved.
In order to protect the stupa, the stupa was decorated again in June of 200 1 year 10 and 200 10. The relevant departments moved the teahouse upstairs, and opened a photo exhibition of famous historical cities and a "Dongou Famous Embroidery Exhibition Hall", which brought together the historical relics of the ancient city of Wenzhou and encouraged citizens to get close to Wenzhou, understand Wenzhou and build a new Wenzhou. Later, Wenzhou kite exhibition, Wenzhou artist solo exhibition and arts and crafts exhibition were held one after another. Qiaolou has become an important window and position to spread Wenzhou culture.
Efficacy of toad hall
Drum Tower, called Chenlou in ancient times. Shi Yun: "When the world casts a city, a watchtower must be built. This is the legacy of the Han Dynasty. " . There is no doubt that the Qiaolou flourished in the Han Dynasty. In BC 12 1 year, after Huo Qubing defeated Xiongnu in the Western Expedition, Zhangye County was established and a bridge building was built, which is one of the oldest existing bridge buildings. During the Three Kingdoms period, Soochow general Lu Su trained sailors in Dongting Lake and built a watchtower. So he left the world-famous Yueyang Tower. If you ask the ancients why they were keen on building? Because of its many functional effects, it has high value in military strategy, cultural life and architectural art.
Wang: Note in qi zhou's Famous Examination: The city gate is a tall building, which means looking at the enemy's array. Its original meaning is the same as the word "looking", which means looking at the enemy's array. As a military facility built to prevent foreign invasion, the city wall is commanding. Looking up, you can see the enemy's position and actions, whether attacking or defending, strategizing and attacking, the city gate is wide open, and soldiers are like tigers coming out of the mountain; The city gates are closed, which can be described as and while one man guards it and ten thousand cannot force it.
Time: There are more drums upstairs, and the lower part leads to the customs area. Sound the alarm in wartime, and mobilize the people to defend the city and resist foreign aggression with drums and bells. Usually every day starts at dusk and ends at the morning bell, so as to set the time and tell the time. According to historical records, there was a system of "beating drums at dawn to remind people to get up, and ringing bells at night to remind people to rest" in the Han Dynasty. An ancient timer-"copper pot dripping water" was installed on the bridge building, that is, the time was determined by the water surface in the leaking pot and the scale engraved on the frying pan. It has four leaky pots, and it has become a pioneer of modern mechanical time telling in terms of form, structure and accuracy. In order to make the timing more accurate, in winter, increase the water temperature to maintain the flow rate of kettle water, and the daily error is only about 20 seconds. In addition, the Drum Tower once used incense to measure time and the number of incense to set the clock. According to the book Qi Hai Suo Tan written by Xiang Xian Jiang Zhun in Ming Dynasty, the watchtower of Wenzhou Qianzicheng is equipped with "copper pot carving and leaking" and "drum whistle", which usually works at night and beats drums and gongs on time; There were military operations, six people drummed, 333 mallets were beaten, and thousands of mallets were tied into three links; Five people blew the horn for twelve times at the same time, and it was agreed to blow the horn three times, and the battle was over.
Landscape: Zen House is an ancient public pavilion building. For example, Beijing Drum Tower was built in Yongle 18 of Ming Dynasty, which is called a palace-style building built on a high brick platform and listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Another example is the "Cross Drum Tower" in Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The building is 36 meters high and covers an area of 567 square meters. It consists of a podium, a pavilion and a corner square. The podium is surrounded by a 5-meter-wide top door tone and a cross. Compared with the world famous buildings, Wenzhou ancient pagoda is slightly inferior, but it is located at the south gate of the inner city, with layers of eaves, with extraordinary momentum, self-contained and unique.
Entertainment: Although the pagoda is a military project, it is usually open to the public and is a good place for sightseeing and leisure. The stupa is a brick-wood structure, with ventilation on all sides, spacious and comfortable, and there are open spaces around it. There are beauty bars, stone benches and tables on the pavilions for tourists to rest. Ancient literati and poets often come to the pagoda to recite poems, play chess and sing in harmony. In the Qing Dynasty, Wenzhou people in Tongzhi Sima chanted: "It's already midnight, with bright lights and noise in the city. Street analysis doesn't have to be banned at night, and farmers will still have to give people back." This shows the prosperity of Zen House. However, the Drum Tower is often the place where sacrificial ceremonies are held. For example, in the famous Drum Tower in Dongliao, Guizhou, when there is something to discuss or celebrate in the village, the big leather drum will ring, and the villagers will gather in the Drum Tower Hall to listen to their elders' orders. When everyone is dancing, drums will be played during the festival.
Qiaolou drum music has rich cultural connotation and artistic charm. There are generally big, medium and small drums in the building. The biggest drum is made of two whole pieces of cowhide. For example, Beijing Drum Tower has 25 drums, that is, 24-face group drums, 1 face main drum, main drum face diameter 1.60m, drum height 2.40m, group drum face diameter 1. 12m and drum height 1.60m, which is so spectacular. Some are: hit seven before, eight after, eighteen slowly in the middle, and hit three times before and after, which consists of three links 108. In the melodious drums, people are all ears and deeply influenced by exquisite music art.