Overview of Beimang Mountain
North Mangshan, formerly known as Mangshan, is located in the northeast of Luoyang, Henan, so it is called North Mangshan. From Sanmenxia in the west to Yishui in the east, it stretches for more than 400 miles from east to west. This mountain is the tail of Longshan Mountain, which is a treasure trove of geomantic omen in China. Therefore, since King Chengyang was buried here in the Eastern Han Dynasty, officials and ministers of later generations have regarded this place as the first choice for grave-sweeping.
There are many villages here, surrounded by mountains and rivers, and the climate is pleasant. In addition, many princes and celebrities were buried here in history, so the culture of "born in Suzhou and Hangzhou and buried in Beimang" gradually formed. Thanks to the unique natural and human conditions here, it has formed the characteristics suitable for farming, health preservation and tourism.
The characteristics of Beimang
First of all, the city where it is located is quite special. Luoyang, known as the 13th ancient capital of China, is also known as the "Five Ancient Capitals of China" with Xi 'an (Chang 'an), Kaifeng (Bianjing, Tokyo), Beijing (Beiping, Shi Jing) and Nanjing (Jinling, Jianye and Jiankang).
From the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, many feudal monarchs took a fancy to Luoyang's geographical position in the Central Plains, its advantages of easily manipulating the world and some military factors. Moreover, this place, as a big city with an early development in the Central Plains, has created an extremely prosperous economy, so many feudal monarchs like to regard this place as the capital of a country.
Secondly, there have been many famous historical events here. For example, when the eunuchs made an insurrection at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xie (later Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, then) took refuge here, so a very famous nursery rhyme "The Empress rode away from Beimang for thousands of miles" was circulated.
For example, during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty confronted each other militarily, and Gao Changgong, the general of the Northern Qi Imperial Clan, led 500 troops to achieve "Great Victory in Northern Mang" here, and the warriors of Lanling became famous in World War I ... For example, at the end of Sui Dynasty and the beginning of Tang Dynasty, Wang He and Shi Mi assembled 10 million troops here to fight the "Battle of Northern Mang". In short, there are countless, and so on.
Third, the particularity of Feng Shui. In geomantic omen, Beimang Mountain is called the remnant vein of Kunlun Mountain (Zulongshan), Qinling Mountains and hills by them, and it is called one of the 72 blessed places of Taoism in China. Moreover, Luoyang is bred by four rivers, such as Jishui and Luoshui, which makes Beimang Mountain a unique and unique resting place for souls, and many people ask to be buried here after death.
Documentary records and myths and legends about Beimang Mountain
Numerous literati and poets have written the legend of Beimang Mountain with literary works.
Tao Yuanming, a great poet in Jin Dynasty, said, "When you are 100 years old, you will return to Beimang Mountain." Tao Yuanming is a famous hermit and poet in the history of China. Noble people like him regard Beimang Mountain as an excellent burial place. Bai Juyi also said: "Virtuous fools, noble and low all die, and the tomb of Beimang is high and steep. In ancient times, I was so lonely that I was still singing before I died. " He expressed his lament about the life of drinking and getting drunk now, and regarded Beimang as a synonym for funeral culture. However, Yuan Haowen said in the Yuan Dynasty: "It will take a long time to drive horses to the north of Tanyuan. Thousands of rich people have fallen into this mountain. " The so-called mountain refers to Beimang Mountain.
Beijiang River has left many touching legends. According to legend, Lao Tzu quietly came to Beimang Mountain and built the Altay Red Bagua Furnace with eight people to mobilize the spirituality of heaven and earth. After careful refining in 998 1 day, he finally refined the elixir. I tasted one of them and instantly became immortal, so I touched his green cow with elixir, and then he stepped on the green cow and walked out of Hanguguan in the north of Mangshan Mountain.
Land of the dead
Because there are too many dead souls buried in Beimang, several famous figures from several dynasties are selected here. In the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu, the former tomb of Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, established the Eastern Han Dynasty with Luoyang as its capital after Liu Xiu's uprising, and was buried in Beimang after his death.
It stands to reason that the ancient emperors chose tombs as an excellent place to look up at the world with mountains and waters at their backs. However, the original mausoleum is a unique place, which is not easy to be destroyed by the Yellow River. Because of his few funerary objects and scientific location, his mausoleum is relatively well preserved.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei Wendi Cao Pi's first Yangling. Cao Pi's first Yangling was chosen in a "land without food in Xu Qiu" east of shouyangshan. He built such a mausoleum in a place like this, just to let future generations after hundreds of thousands of years not know the existence of this mausoleum. Xelloss made great achievements in his life. He reigned for seven years and was named Huang Chu.
His funeral concept mainly inherited his father Cao Cao's "thin funeral concept", so he was a staunch supporter of thin funeral culture. There is no treasure hidden in the grave. He thinks that the thick burial is clearly tempting those with malicious intentions, and his father's actions of setting up a captain to touch gold and seeing off a mountain doctor deeply touched him.
In the Northern Wei Dynasty, the tomb of Emperor Xiaowen Yuan was called Hong (Tuoba Hong). Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty was a famous politician and reformer in China. His reform greatly promoted the great integration of the Chinese nation, leaving a colorful page in the history of China's economic, political and cultural development.
In the 18th year of Taihe (AD 494), Emperor Xiaowen ordered the capital to be moved from Pingcheng in the north to Luoyang in the Central Plains, and carried out reforms in Luoyang. Later, in the twenty-third year of Taihe (AD 499), it collapsed in the southern expedition. Because the last Ningling Mausoleum of Emperor Xiaowen Zhao Wen is about 100 meters away from Changling, the locals commonly call these two mausoleums "Big and Small Mausoleums".
Someone made a rough statistics on the number of tombs here: 8 tombs in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, 5 tombs in the Eastern Han Dynasty, 4 tombs in the Northern Wei Dynasty, 5 tombs in the Western Jin Dynasty, and 5 tombs in the Late Tang Dynasty 1 seat. Together with the tombs of princes and ministers, there are roughly thousands. If you add the tombs of ordinary people, the number may reach hundreds of thousands.
As an important representative of funeral culture in China, Beimangshan Mountain has been mentioned countless times in literary works. Because it is located in the land of geomantic omen, there are more than 20 tombs of emperors and thousands of tombs of ministers buried here, and there are many mysterious myths and legends and excellent geographical location, so it is called the "hometown of the dead" in China.
Now there are ancient tombs everywhere, so it is also a major feature of this place. If we want to understand the history and culture of our country, then funeral culture must be an unavoidable topic, and when it comes to funeral culture, we must avoid Beimang Mountain.