Pangu:
He is called Yuanshi Tianwang, also known as Fuli Yuanshi Tianzun.
Some people believe that Pangu is the incarnation of Yuanshi Tianzun in Taoism. There are many versions of the legend about Pangu, but they are generally agreed that Pangu was the epoch-making figure.
“When the heaven and earth were first born, they were a blur, and Pangu was born in this blur. After 18,000 years, Pangu used a sharp ax to break open the sky and the earth. Clear and light things rose to form the sky; heavy things rose to form the sky; The turbid things sank to form the earth. Pangu was afraid that the sky and the earth would rejoin, so he supported the sky. The sky rose one foot every day, and Pangu grew one foot taller every day. After another 18,000 years, Pangu died, and his body's organs changed. All things in the world: the body became mountains, muscles became fertile fields, blood became rivers, muscles and bones became roads, teeth became jade, and fur became vegetation..."
Some people think that Pangu's The legend was created by the ancient ancestors by absorbing the legend of "Panhu" or "Pangu" among the southern ethnic minorities, adding philosophical elements from ancient classics and their own imagination to fill the gaps in the Hongmeng era. The story of Pangu was first seen in the "San Wu Li Ji" written by Xu Zheng during the Three Kingdoms period.
Three Emperors and Five Emperors:
The Three Emperors and Five Emperors are the legendary "emperors" that appeared in China before the Xia Dynasty. It now appears that they are all tribal leaders and have become leaders of the tribal alliance due to their strength. Basically, whether according to myths, legends or historical records, it is believed that the era of the Three Emperors was earlier than the era of the Five Emperors. However, different historians have different definitions of "Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors". The Three Emperors have five theories, and the Five Emperors also have five theories. Three Emperors:
Suiren, Fuxi, Shennong
Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong
Fuxi, Zhurong, Shennong
Fuxi, Shennong, Huanggong
Fuxi, Shennong, and Huangdi
The last theory was popularized due to the influence of "Shangshu". Fuxi, Shennong, and Huangdi became China's oldest Three emperors.
In addition, the Weishu of the Han Dynasty calls the Three Emperors the Emperor of Heaven, the Emperor of Earth, and the Emperor of Humanity, and they are the three gods. Later, in Taoism, the three emperors were divided into three groups: the first, middle and last groups: the first three emperors had human forms; the middle three emperors had human faces and snake bodies or dragon bodies; among the last three emperors, the Houtian emperor had a human head and a snake body, that is, Fuxi. Later, the emperor had the head of a snake and the body of a snake, which was Nuwa, and the emperor of the later generation had the head of an ox and the body of a snake, that is, Shennong.
Five Emperors:
Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Yao, Shun
Mixi (Fuxi), Shennong, Huangdi, Yao, Shun
Taihao (Fuxi), Yandi, Huangdi, Shaohao, Zhuanxu
Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Yao, Shun
Huangdi, Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Ku , Yao
The third version is the most popular, which refers to the gods in the five directions of east, west, south, north, and middle, Taihao in the east, Yandi in the south, Shaohao in the west, Zhuanxu in the north, and Huangdi in the center.
Another explanation is the five holy kings in ancient Chinese legends, with the first and fourth versions being the more common ones. Nuwa: Nuwa is also known as the Empress Nuwa, with the surname Feng. She was born in Chengji. It is said that her name is Fenglixi (possibly Fenglixi). According to legend, the ancestors of mankind, Fuxi and Nuwa are brothers and sisters, and they are also husband and wife. There are also images of Nuwa and Fuxi having sex on Chinese totems. (Li Chun of the Tang Dynasty wrote in "Duyi Zhi": "When the universe first opened, only two brothers and sisters, Nuwa, were in Kuncang Mountain, and there were no people in the world. They thought they were husband and wife, but they were ashamed of themselves. The brother and his sister went to Kuncang Mountain. Cangshan, Zhu said: "If God sends my brother and sister to be husband and wife, the smoke will be together; if not, the smoke will disperse." Then the smoke will be together, and the sister will come to her brother, and she will make a fan of grass to block him. "..." This is the origin of the use of fans by later generations. According to the "Spring and Autumn Genealogy": "The woman of Hua'an Immortal? Xiexun?" The "brother and sister" mentioned above are. Refers to Nuwa and Fu Zai. According to legend, soon after, Nuwa gave birth to a huge fleshy blister due to "consanguineous marriage". Fuxi was angry and smashed the fleshy blister with a stone. These dregs of flesh turned into humans one by one. It is precisely because of the combination of the two that human beings on the earth can reproduce and multiply.)
It is also said that she used loess to create humans (according to "Customs": "It is said that when the heaven and earth were opened, there were no people. Nuwa rolled loess for people and dramas, but people had no time to provide it, so they dug a rope into the mud and raised it to become a human being. Therefore, Those who are rich and noble are people from loess; those who are poor and mediocre are people who are poor. "Since Nuwa "made people out of loess" in the Loess Plateau of China, she made people out of loess. This is the reason why the Chinese nation is called. It is because of the "yellow people") that they made five-color stones to mend the sky, broke the turtles to support the four poles, calmed the floods and killed wild beasts, and humans were able to live in peace. (According to "Huainanzi·Lan Mingxun": "In ancient times, The four poles were destroyed, the nine states were torn apart, the world was restored, the earth was not destroyed, the fire was tempered and the fire was not extinguished, the water was vast and the ocean was endless, ferocious beasts devoured the people, and the birds of prey preyed on the old and the weak. So Nuwa refined the five-color stones to make them. The sky is repaired, the four poles are broken, the black dragon is killed to help Jizhou, and the reed ashes are accumulated to stop the water.
Legend has it that she has the head of a human and the body of a snake. In Chinese mythology, she created humans from clay. Later, the god of water, Gong Gong, fought with the god of fire, Zhu Rong. Gong Gong, the god of fire, was defeated by Zhu Rong, and he was so angry that he killed him with his head. It hit Buzhou Mountain, the pillar of the world in the west, causing the sky to collapse and the water of the Tianhe River to flow into the world. Nuwa couldn't bear the disaster, so she made five-color stones to repair the sky. In addition, Nuwa also created musical instruments like the harp. After Wa's death, her intestines transformed into ten gods and went to the vast wilderness of the west to protect her. It is said that Nuwa later ascended to heaven and was protected by Bai Chi and Soaring Snakes in the Celestial Palace in southern China. The Miao and other ethnic groups respect her as a great god and build temples to worship her.
The name Fuxi and Nuwa means the sun and the moon. As the father, the moon is the mother. Because the ancient sounds of "Fu" and "Father" and "Wa" and "Mother" are similar, it is called "Fuxi Muwa". As for Nuwa's "creation of human beings", it is just a female. Wa played a primitive sculpture game of "kneading people with yellow mud". It shows that the ancients did not realize that men and women could only reproduce after mating, and cast a layer of deified innate psychology on human reproduction. Therefore, later generations built. The temple enshrines the goddess Nuwa, who prays for the birth of a son and a daughter to carry on the family line. In addition, Nuwa also stipulates that close relatives should not marry each other, which laid the foundation for ancient wedding music that is still preserved among ethnic minorities in southern China. On March 3rd every spring, men play the sheng to woo women.
As for Nuwa, she "kills the black dragon to help Jizhou", "refines five-color stones to mend the sky", and "breaks the Ao to build the pole". , etc. The theory of magic power. It is said that in the past, Emperor Gong of the Qing Dynasty fought with Zhuanxu to be emperor. He was so angry that he touched Mount Buzhou with his head. So "the pillars of heaven were broken and the earth was broken." Empress Nuwa made five-color stones to mend the sky and cut them off. Ao's foot serves as the pillar of heaven. This is nothing more than a myth, praising the magical power of this goddess in ancient China. But no matter what, Nuwa is still respected by future generations as "the ancient holy god who transforms all things." "Testing his merits and deeds, as high as the Nine Heavens and as low as Huanglong, his reputation will be passed down to future generations, and his brilliance will be reflected in all things." "
Fuxi:
Fuxi or Paoxi (called Fuxi in historical records) is also known as Taihao. Legend has it that he is the ancestor of mankind. Humanity was born from the intermarriage between him and Nuwa's brother and sister. Legend has it that he is the ancestor of mankind. He taught the people how to make nets, fish, hunt, and livestock, etc. Taihao Fuxi made his capital in Wanqiu (now Huaiyang County, Henan Province). It is said that Fuxi sat on the square altar and painted Bagua. The origin of the Book of Changes is the beginning of Chinese divination, using certain media (such as mugwort and turtle patterns) to seek divine fortune. It is actually a simplified version of the Book of Changes. :
Suiren (Suiren clan) is the inventor of fire in ancient Chinese mythology. It is said that he is one of the three emperors.
"Han Feizi·Wuzhe" records: "The people." Eating fruits, clams, clams, and clams will damage the stomach and cause many diseases to the people. There was a sage who drilled a flint to make fire to dissolve the fishy smell. The people liked it and made him king in the world. He was named the Suiren clan. ”
Zhu Rong:
Zhu Rong is the legendary ancient emperor who used fire to transform and was named Red Emperor. Later generations respected him as the God of Fire. Some people say that Zhu Rong is one of the three emperors, five emperors and three emperors in ancient times. 1.
In addition, the wife of Meng Huo, the king of the Southern Barbarians during the Three Kingdoms period, was also named Zhu Rong. According to legend, she was a descendant of Zhu Rong, the god of fire.
***Gong:
***Gongshi, a figure in ancient Chinese legends.
It is said that Jiang, whose surname is Jiang, is a descendant of Emperor Yan. ***Gong was another person after Shennong who made important contributions to the development of agricultural production. He invented the method of building embankments to store water. The legends about him are almost all related to water. The most famous story is: The Japanese workers were angry and touched Mount Buzhou. It is said that the activity area of ??the Japanese labor tribe is in Huixian County, Henan Province today.
***Gong’s anger touches Mount Buzhou
Zhuanxu’s lineage belongs to the Yellow Emperor, so the struggle for the throne caused by ***Gong’s and Zhuanxu’s different views on agriculture can also be explained Counted as the continuation of the Yanhuang War.
Zhuanxu disapproved of Gong's agricultural practices. Zhuanxu believed that he was the supreme authority in the tribe, and the entire tribe should only obey his orders. The Gong family could not make decisions on their own. He objected to Gong's plan on the grounds that it would anger God if he followed his plan. As a result, a very fierce struggle broke out between Zhuanxu and the Gong clan. On the surface, it was a dispute over land and water control, but in fact it was a struggle for tribal leadership.
***Gong is stronger than Zhuanxu, but he is not as resourceful as Zhuanxu. Zhuanxu used the talk of ghosts and gods to encourage the tribesmen not to believe in the Gong family. People at that time believed very much in ghosts and gods. Many people believed in Zhuanxu and believed that once the Gong family leveled the land, it would really offend the ghosts and gods and cause disasters. Therefore, Zhuanxu received the support of the majority of the people. Although Mr. Gong did not gain the understanding and support of the people, he still firmly believed that his views were correct and refused to compromise. He was determined to sacrifice himself and sacrifice his life for his cause. He came to Mount Buzhou (now Kunlun Mountain) and wanted to knock down the peak of Mount Buzhou to show his strong determination. Mr. Gong flew the flying dragon into the air and slammed into Mount Buzhou. After a loud noise, Mount Buzhou was suddenly hit by Mr. Gong, and immediately broke in half, and the entire mountain collapsed with a rumble. ***Gong's behavior finally gained people's respect. After the death of Mr. Gong, people worshiped him as Shuishi (the god of water conservancy). His son Houtu was also regarded as the God of Society (i.e. the god of the earth). Later, when people swore, they said "the earth behind the sky is above", referring to him, which shows how much people respect them.
Yellow Emperor:
The Yellow Emperor is considered the ancestor of the Chinese nation. According to records, there are Xuanyuan clan, Xiong clan, and Ji surname. One theory is that the surname is Gongsun, and the tribal leader with the surname Ji is the legendary leader of the Chinese nation in ancient times and the first of the Five Emperors. The Yellow Emperor is also revered by Taoism as the ancestor of Taoism and has a special status in Taoism.
"Historical Records: The Original Records of the Five Emperors" records: "The Yellow Emperor, the son of Shaodian, had a surname of Gongsun and a given name of Xuanyuan. The Yellow Emperor lived on the hill of Xuanyuan." The Chinese Ancient Capital Society (an organization that recognizes China's seven ancient capitals) believes that Xuanyuan Qiu is located in Xuanyuan Qiu, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province today. It was the capital of the Xiong Kingdom in ancient times, and his father Shaodian was the king of the Xiong Kingdom. Huangdi was born in Jianglongxia, Juyuan Pass, on the Loess Plateau in northwest China, on the second day of the second lunar month (see February 2). According to legend, the mother of the Yellow Emperor was a girl on the Loess Plateau. She suddenly saw the Northern Lights one evening (some say it was night), and then she became pregnant and gave birth to the Yellow Emperor. According to Chinese history books, he unified the various tribes in China after Emperor Yan. The capital was established in Zhuolu. He calculated the calendar, taught the people how to sow grains, invented the compass, built boats, chariots, bows and arrows, invented writing, made stems and branches, made musical instruments, and created medicine.
Today there is the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor in Qiaoshan, Shaanxi Province. It is said that when the Yellow Emperor was old, he made a tripod and rode a dragon to the sky. His ministers shot arrows to stop him, and the dragon was shot. When he flew over the bridge country, he lowered himself to rest. The Yellow Emperor was killed by the bridge. The Chinese pulled off a boot and buried it here. Both Huangdi and Yandi are regarded as the ancestors of the Chinese nation, so the Chinese sometimes call themselves "descendants of Yan and Huang". According to legend, the Yellow Emperor's first concubine was Lei Zu, and his second concubines were Fang Lei, Tong Yu and Ai Mu.
According to "Historical Records": "Of the twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor, fourteen were given their surnames." Zhuan Xu, Emperor Ku, Tang Yao, Yu Shun, as well as the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties The monarchs are all descendants of the Yellow Emperor. The deification of the Yellow Emperor in later generations was carried out gradually. "Zhuangzi" mentioned that the Yellow Emperor attained enlightenment and became an immortal; the Yellow Emperor in "The Biography of Immortals" was also able to control the immortals.
"Historical Records" mentions that Huangdi married Leizu, the daughter of the Xiling family, who invented silkworm breeding and was called "Leizu the first silkworm". Leizu was the concubine of the legendary northern tribe leader Huangdi Xuanyuan. She gave birth to two sons, Xuanqi and Changyi. Changyi married a daughter of the Shushan clan, gave birth to Gaoyang, and inherited the world. This was the "Emperor Zhuanxu" among the Five Emperors.
According to the "Book of Sui·Etiquette", the Northern Zhou Dynasty revered ancestor Lei as "Xiancan" (the god of the first silkworm). "Tongjian Waiji" records: "Leizu, the daughter of the Xiling family, was the emperor's concubine. She began to teach the people how to breed silkworms and cultivate silkworms for clothing."
Emperor Yan:
Later, because Shennong took too many kinds of poisons, the poison was too deep and he finally died.
The Shennong family (some say he is a descendant of Shennong), with the surname Jiang, was called Emperor Yan because he was the king of fire virtues. He was from the Chinese legendary era (or the ancient era), about 3000 to 4000 BC. , the leader of the Jiang clan in present-day Shaanxi and Hubei, was born in Lieshan (today's Lishan Town, Hubei Province), so he was also called the Lieshan clan after Emperor Yan. Shennong tasted herbs and taught people how to heal. He was the legendary inventor of agriculture and medicine. It is said that Shennong is Emperor Yan, and is brother to Emperor Huang.
It is said that Shennong had a very peculiar appearance and a thin figure. Except for his limbs and head, his body was transparent, so his internal organs were clearly visible. Shennong tasted all kinds of herbs. As long as the herbs were poisonous, his internal organs would turn black after taking them. Therefore, it was easy to know which herbs affected which parts of the human body.
Chinese people honor Shennong as the "Five Grain Patriarch" because in ancient times, he collected grain seeds and started making grass. He taught the ancestors to grow grains. Food was the first thing for the people, so they worshiped him as "The ancestor of grains". Every April 26th is the birthday of the "Five Grains Ancestor". Farmers prepare abundant grains and fruits to worship him devoutly.
According to historical records: "Shennong's family, surnamed Jiang, was born on the day of her mother's death. She was promoted to Shaodian concubine. She traveled to Huayang. She had the head of a divine dragon and gave birth to the Emperor Yan. She had a human body with the head of an ox and grew older than Jiang Shui. She had holy virtues. Yihuodewang, hence the name Yandi, was born in Lieshan, also known as the Lieshan clan. During his reign, he tried hundreds of medicines to treat diseases and established a market to sell money. He died at the age of 18 and was buried in Changsha. "Shennong can be said to be a prophet among the ancient ancestors of our country. He "began to teach farming" in the ancient barren mountains and rivers, and also used "all kinds of whips and hundreds of medicines, knowing that they are poisonous and cold." Warm in nature and dominated by odor, it can be used to cure all diseases. "Boldly explore and try all kinds of grains and medicines to cure diseases for people's reproduction, and establish a store to connect department stores." Because of his "contributions to the people", later generations respectfully called him "Emperor Kaitian Yan", "First Emperor of Five Grains", "Great Emperor of Medicine", "King of Millet Mother", "Tian Ancestor" and other honorary titles. Build temples all over the world, build statues of them, and offer sacrifices to them for generations to come.
According to historical records: In ancient times, when worshiping Shennong, the answer was "Wax Sacrifice", also known as "Eight Wax Sacrifice", or "Big Wax Sacrifice". Because in ancient times, people enjoyed all things and thought it was God who did it. Therefore, after the farm affairs were completed, the emperor would sacrifice all things in October every year, and the sacrifices were all related to farming. According to the Book of Rites, the eight waxes are: "The first one is stingy, the second one is si, the third one is farming, the fourth one is postage, the fifth one is cat and tiger, the sixth one is square, the seventh one is water, and the eighth one is insect." Note: The first one is stingy. Refers to Shennong, Sisi refers to Houji, Nong refers to ancient fields, post refers to field reed houses, surface refers to field roads, and is field boundaries, cats and tigers refer to voles and wild animals, square refers to embankments, Shuiyong refers to ditches, and insects refer to locusts, etc. The purpose of offering sacrifices to pests is to wish them no disaster. In folklore, it is said that after Shennong taught the ancestors to cultivate grains, so that "people could enjoy all things" in ancient times, the ancestors began to become lazy. Do evil. Shen Nong got angry, so he scattered the grass seeds and buried them one foot deep in the ground. He said: Whoever hoe the soil will grow grain, and whoever doesn't hoe the soil will grow grass, and the lazy will starve to death. It was only after Shennong said this that farmers all over the world began to "work diligently". Legends about Emperor Yan:
The Jiang clan is a branch of the Xirong clan. They were originally nomadic people and entered the Central Plains from the West very early. At that time, at the junction of today's Shaanxi and Henan, there lived the Jiuli ethnic group (some say it was the Miao ethnic group) headed by Chiyou. The two sides had a long-term conflict due to the development of the tribe. Emperor Yan was defeated and retreated to Hebei Province.
It is said that because "Emperor Yan wanted to invade the princes", he later fought three fierce battles with Huangdi, whose surname was Ji from the Xuanyuan clan. This was considered the first large-scale war of the Chinese nation, and was called the Battle of Banquan (Banquan, Banquan Village in today's Yanqing suburb of Beijing). Faced with the powerful opponent who led the tribe of Xiong, Pi, Pi, Xiu, Hao, and Tiger as totems, Emperor Yan was finally defeated, formed an alliance with him, and submitted to him. Huang Di ended the war with a victory. The Yanhuang Alliance continued to expand, and more and more tribes surrendered, but Chi You remained unconvinced, and a war was inevitable. Chi You led Jiuli and fought against the alliance in Zhuolu (today's Zhuolu Village, Hebei Province). It was the second war in the legendary era, called the Battle of Zhuolu
The so-called Zhuolu Central Plains, This is the source. In the end Chi You was defeated. From then on, the Jiang clan and Huangdi settled down in the Central Plains. The term "descendants of Yan and Huang" refers to people's tracing back and respect for Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang, the ancestors of Chinese civilization.
Shaohao:
Shaohao, also known as Shaohao. One of the Five Emperors, the son of the Yellow Emperor.
Shaohao Mausoleum, east of Qufu City, Shandong Province
Zhuanxu:
Zhuanxu (pinyin zhuān xū) is said to be a descendant of the Yellow Emperor’s son Changyi. Emperor Qiu (now southeast of Puyang, Henan Province) was named Gaoyang. Zhuanxu once appointed him as an official in Nanzheng, in charge of worshiping the gods; he appointed Li as an official in Huozheng (one name is Beizheng), in charge of civil affairs. Zhuanxu carried out another important religious reform. The Jiuli people who were conquered by the Yellow Emperor still believed in witchcraft and worshiped ghosts and gods when Zhuanxu arrived. Zhuanxu banned witchcraft and forced them to obey the teachings of the Huangdi tribe, which promoted the integration between tribes. Legend has it that the King of Chu is his descendant. After Qu Yuan called himself Emperor Zhuanxu in "Li Sao", Qu Yuan and the King of Chu were of the same clan.
Emperor Ku:
Emperor Ku is one of the five emperors in ancient Chinese history. His surname is Ji, his given name is Jun, and his name is Gao Xin. He is the grandson of Xuan Xiao, the eldest son of the Yellow Emperor, and Zhuan Xu is his uncle. .
Emperor Ku was fifteen years old and served Zhuanxu. He was granted the title of Youxin (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and lived in Diqiu (now Puyang). At the age of thirty, Zhuanxu became the emperor. ), reigned for seventy years and lived to be a hundred years old. He was buried in Qiu Shan, Yinye, South Terrace of Dunqiu City, Puyang. Many ancient documents believe that Emperor Jun is Emperor Ku. "The Classic of Mountains and Seas: Dahuang Nan Jing" records that Emperor Jun had sub-tribes such as Zhongrong, Yanlong, Heijia, and Jili, and was "born on the tenth day" and "on the tenth day of his birth".
It is said that the emperor's concubine Jiang Yuanqi, Houji, was the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty; the second concubine Jian Di was the ancestor of the Shang Dynasty; the second concubine Jian Di was the ancestor of the Shang Dynasty; the second concubine Qingdu was the descendant of Fangxun; the second concubine Changyi was the descendant of Zhi. Emperor Zhi inherited the throne from Ku, but nine years later abdicated it to Fangxun, also known as Emperor Yao. Confucius believed that the emperor "brings generous benefits, not to himself. He is wise to know the distance, and wise to detect the subtle. Benevolent is the power, benefit is trustworthy, and he obeys the righteousness of heaven and earth. He knows the needs of the people, cultivates himself and the world will obey him, and takes the earth Use your wealth sparingly, care for and educate the people, welcome them when the sun and the moon are new, understand the righteousness of ghosts and gods, and respect them. Also sad.” Cao Zhi's "Emperor's Praise" eulogized: "The ancestors came from Xuanyuan, and the descendants of Xuan Xiao were born to speak of his name. Wood rules the world. He calms the world and brings peace to the gods. He teaches the whole world, and the sun shines brightly."
Yao:
Yao, named Fangxun, also known as Tao Tangshi, was one of the five emperors in ancient Chinese legends. "Historical Records: The Chronicles of the Five Emperors" records: Emperor Ku had two sons - Zhi and Fangxun. After Emperor Ku's death, he was succeeded by Zhi, who was Emperor Zhi; Emperor Zhi was not good and gave way to Fangxun, which was Yao. When Yao was in power, his benevolence made the people love him and all nations respected him. Yao's capital was in the south of Shanxi. "Shangshu Yaodian" records: Yao ordered the Xi family and the He family to observe the celestial phenomena and tell the time to the people; he appointed Yu's father Gun to control the floods, but unfortunately he failed; Yao believed that his son Danzhu was tyrannical and vicious, so he did not pass the throne to Danzhu; Later, the throne was passed to Shun because of his virtue.
Shun:
Shun is one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors in ancient Chinese legends. Historians are unclear about whether Shun existed. It is generally believed that in Shun's era, Chinese civilization began to enter the era of farming, which was also the beginning of morality. Legend has it that Shun was succeeded to the throne by Yao, and he was succeeded by Yu. The writer Bo Yang believes that Shun did not gain the throne because of Yao's abdication, but by usurping power. He cultivated his own wings by "eliminating the four evils and raising sixteen signs" to evacuate Yao's power.
Then Yu repeated the same mistake. It is said that "Shun was on a hunting tour in southern China, collapsed in the wilderness of Cangwu, and was buried in Jiuyi in the south of the Yangtze River." The actual situation may be that he was exiled by Yu and died on the way, because the Jiangnan area was still a barbaric land in ancient China. Shun was already an old man, so it was illogical to go on a hunting tour in the wilderness. The following quotes some records about Shun from the Zhou Dynasty: Mencius: Shun was born in Zhufeng, moved to Fuxia, and died in Mingtiao. He was a native of Dongyi.
Mozi: In ancient times, Shun cultivated Mount Li, Tao Riverside, and Yu Lei Ze. Yao got it and subdued the sun, granted him government, and the world was at peace.
Guan Zi: Shun used severe punishments and heavy bans, but the people returned.
Sima Qian's Historical Records said: All the virtues in the world began with Yu and Shun. It is also said: Shun was on a hunting tour in the south, died in the wilds of Cangwu, and was buried in Jiuyi in the south of the Yangtze River.