In the autumn of Jiaqing, Qing Dynasty, Wu Xilin, a famous person in Qiantang (now Hangzhou), Zhejiang Province, visited the South Lake and wrote: Hongcun South Lake is comparable to Zhejiang West Lake, so South Lake is also called the Little West Lake at the foot of Huangshan Mountain. Many poets and painters in ancient and modern times have made many poems and drawings after visiting South Lake. Moon Lake Moon Lake, commonly known as Moon Lake, is the so-called tripe. Moon Bay was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1403- 1424). At that time, Wang Siqi came out from Hongcun. He found a natural spring in the village, which kept flowing in winter and summer. He Keda, a feng shui master in Haiyang County (now Xiuning), was hired for three times, and his elders in the family read mountains and rivers and examined the context in detail. Later generations, Sheng Wang equals contributed more than 10,000 yuan. Continue to dig holes, dig to the moon pool for one and a half months, and complete the unfinished moon marsh. In fact, the moon pool has become a space for people to enjoy and an open-air stage for "customs". Deyitang was built in the 20th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 15), and it is a two-story three-bay building.
There is a 16 semi-lotus gate in front of the main hall of Deyitang, and there is a passage connecting indoor and outdoor. There is a pond in front of the main hall, and there is a culvert in the pond that communicates with the puddle. There are bonsai around the pond. There are many combs and flowers in the courtyard of Deyitang. Layers of shading are called "open-air flower houses". A kiwi vine in southern Anhui climbed the east wall. There are two gardens in the garden, one bright and the other dark, with fruit trees and flowers. Deyitang is like the water in the garden, and the layout of the garden is in the water. Deyitang Garden is a typical representative of private gardens in Huizhou. Chengzhitang Chengzhitang is located in the middle section of Sheung Shui Town, Hongcun. Built in the fifth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (AD 1855), it was the residence of Wang Dinggui, a big salt merchant in the late Qing Dynasty. The whole building is made of wood, and the interior is richly decorated with bricks, stones and wood carvings. The total floor area is about 265,438+000 square meters, and the building area is more than 3,000 square meters. It is a well-preserved large-scale residential building. The whole house has 9 patios, 60 rooms, 136 wooden columns and 60 doors and windows. The whole house is divided into inner courtyard, outer courtyard, front hall, back hall, east room, west room, study, fish pond hall, kitchen, stable and so on. There are mahjong tiles "Paishan Pavilion" and opium smokers "Swallow Yun Xuan". There are also bodyguard rooms, men's toilets and women's toilets. There is a pond in the house. Wells and water can't leave the house.
The front hall is the most important part of the whole house. Behind the front door stands a magnificent middle door. Above the word "Fu" in the middle gate, there is a woodcarving painting of "Hundred Immortals Lantern Festival", which depicts the scene of 100 little boys crossing the Lantern Festival. This is a vivid portrayal of the traditional concept of "many children are blessed" in ancient times, and it is also two sides of the picture of "Hundred Immortals Lantern Festival". There is a "North-South" god of wealth carved above the bucket arch, and there is a garret guard above the "North-South" god of wealth. Here, Wang Dinggui designed four wooden pillars of "fishing, firewood, ploughing and reading", representing four ancient occupations respectively. Shurentang Shurentang is located in Hongcun Scenic Area. Shu Ren Hall was built in the first year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1862) after Wang Xingju, an official doctor of the Qing Dynasty, resigned and retired because he was dissatisfied with official corruption. Covering an area of 266 square meters, it has a two-story three-room structure and a garden swimming pool, which is unique. The base of the house is hexagonal, which means six and great harmony. The main hall is backed by the pool, facing south, with peony butterflies painted on the ceiling, hoping that future generations will have a happy home; A small fish pond will be built on the east side of the main hall, with limited open space and flowing water forever. There are two small study rooms in the yard. The outer gate is a eight-character gatehouse with a built-in hanging railing board, which symbolizes the majesty and ostentation of the official family and represents the once prominent position; There is no back door, and guests enter and leave the gate, which symbolizes the quality of the builder as an official. Shurentang takes the meaning of "all trades must be refined, and children must teach", which has far-reaching influence. Nanhu Academy is located on the north bank of Nanhu Lake. It turned out that there were six private schools built in the late Ming Dynasty, which were called "six schools according to the lake". In the 19th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 14), it was merged and rebuilt as "College of Literature", also known as "Nanhu Academy". The rebuilt academy consists of six parts: Zhitong, Wenchang Pavilion, Wudao Pavilion, Huiwen Pavilion, Wanghulou and Tanyuan Garden, with white walls and tiles, clear water and blue sky, and a very elegant environment. Lexutang is the ancestral temple of the Wangs, located in the middle of the north bank of Moon Bay. It is the only existing Ming dynasty building in the village, and the wood carving is very beautiful. Red and white ancient trees, red and white ancient trees, two 500-year-old trees located at the entrance of Hongcun village, one is called ancient Pterocarya stenoptera, and the local name is red poplar; One is called ginkgo tree, and the local name is ginkgo tree.
Poplar tree height 19 meters on the north side, with a circumference of 6 meters. It takes four to five people to hold it together. The crown of the tree is shaped like a huge umbrella, covering several acres of land at the entrance of the village under the shade. The ginkgo tree on the south side is 20 meters high, shaped like a sword and piercing the sky. Because ginkgo is a rare tree species in the world, and this ginkgo tree is 500 years old, everyone calls this ginkgo tree the "treasure" of the village entrance. These two big trees are the "horns" of this bull-shaped village, and the "Feng Shui Tree" of Hongcun is also a symbol of good luck. According to the past custom here, the villagers hold a happy event, and the bride's sedan chair should turn around the poplar tree in a big circle, which indicates that the couple will be happy for a hundred years. When the old man dies, he should carry the coffin around the ginkgo tree in a big circle, which means that his children and grandchildren are full of happiness and longevity. reference data