1. The main gardening ideas of Chinese classical gardens are
(1) The idea of ??"harmony between man and nature":
The construction of Chinese classical gardens is based on It is carried out on the premise of respecting nature. The owner of the garden mainly imitates nature and uses artificial power to build natural scenery, showing a feeling of "although it is made by humans, it is like nature."
However, in this process, the gardener did not simply imitate, but an artistic creation based on the freehand brushwork of nature. Stacking mountains and managing water blends into nature: trees and flowers express nature: construction management conforms to nature. This realm originating from nature sublimates the idea of ??gardening. This is also the most important philosophical thought expressed in gardens.
(2) "Emotional" Thought:
Garden architecture culture emerged in the fertile soil of Chinese culture and was deeply influenced by painting, poetry and literature. Therefore, when the garden was first built, it had a strong poetic and emotional color.
Chinese painting, especially landscape painting in Chinese painting, has the most direct and profound impact on gardens. The construction of gardens has always been developed in the context of painting. And it follows one of the most important principles in Chinese painting: "The external teacher is the source of creation, and the center is the source." Pay attention to emotional expression.
(3) Implicit, illusory, profound, and unrealistic thoughts.
Gardens imitate natural landscapes and pursue the same realm as poetry and painting. Therefore, garden designers can only find inspiration in nature. This leads to a rule: the more in line with nature, the richer the meaning. The implicitness, illusion, etc. shown in gardens. The secret lies in not revealing it, seeking an implicit meaning that allows people to immerse themselves in its confusing and endless fantasies.
At the same time, the garden draws on the effect in Chinese painting of seeing the big in the small, the virtual in the real, hidden or exposed, deep or shallow, thus interweaving and integrating many completely opposite factors to make it seamless. .
2. The differences between royal gardens and private gardens are reflected in
(1) Difference in scale
Royal gardens:
Huge scale , there are many real mountains and rivers, the buildings in the garden are magnificent in color and tall in size.
Private gardens:
Small in scale, rockery and water are commonly used, and the buildings are small and exquisite, showing elegant and pure colors.
(2) Functional differences
? Royal gardens:
In addition to the function of private gardens, they often also have the function of offering sacrifices to ancestors and worshiping Buddhas for emperors; In the palace-type gardens, because the emperor lived there for a long time, it also had the function of listening to government affairs for the emperor.
Private gardens:
Most of them are attached to residences and have the functions of living, entertaining, reading, and amusement for the owner.
(3) Architectural differences in the garden
Royal gardens:
First of all, most of the royal garden buildings are palace-style, solemn and magnificent. It has a graceful and luxurious figure and a resplendent color.
Secondly, there are many garden architectural sketches in the royal gardens, such as archways, Chinese watches, stone lions, etc., which play a supplementary role in the formation of the overall style of garden architecture.
Private gardens:
First of all, the architecture of private gardens usually gives people a lively, elegant, exquisite and airy feeling. The appearance of the building pays attention to the twists and turns, smoothness and lightness of the lines. , the structure generally uses a bucket type or a mixed structure of a bucket type and a platform beam type, and the outer walls of the building are generally thin.
Secondly, the interior of the private garden hall is freely separated by partition fans, screens, etc. according to the different functions; and the ceilings at the top of the hall are made into various forms of "xuan", which are beautiful and full of changes.
Furthermore, the wooden parts of the exterior of private garden houses are combined with white walls and gray tiles in colors such as brown and ink. The colors are elegant and tranquil, giving people an ethereal and elegant feeling, and can easily blend with the natural landscape. .
3. The uniqueness of royal gardens and private gardens is reflected in
(1) Element composition
Whether it is a royal garden or a private garden, its composition The elements are the same, namely building mountains, arranging ponds, animals, buildings, plaques, couplets and carved stones.
(2) Theme
Both royal gardens and private gardens learn from nature, integrate with nature, comply with nature, and express nature.
These are the concrete manifestations of the "unity of nature and man" in ancient China. This is also the core of national culture. It is also the biggest feature of Chinese gardens that can be independent of the world's forests. It is also the fundamental reason why Chinese gardens will always have artistic vitality.