1, the policy of controlling arms with literature has caused mutual restraint within the military, frequent restrictions and many shortcomings;
2. The "Sixteen States" ceded by Shi Jingtang in the late Jin Dynasty lost the natural barrier of the Han nationality and could not resist foreign cavalry;
3. Lian Jin's decision-making mistakes in resisting Liao and Lian Meng's resistance to Jin only saw the strength of Liao (Jin) and did not see the threat of Jin (Meng);
4. The military ignorance, incompetence and inaction of the ruling class led to the failure of Kaifeng's defense war;
5. The emperor is fatuous, the political affairs are corrupt, the political infighting is serious, the military expenditure is large, and the people are overwhelmed.
Extended Information Neo-Confucianism appeared in the Song Dynasty, Confucianism revived, science and technology developed rapidly, politics was enlightened, there was no serious eunuch dictatorship and warlord regime, and the number and scale of mutiny and civil strife were relatively small in the history of China. The rice-growing population in Zhancheng increased rapidly in the Northern Song Dynasty, from 3,765,438+million in the fifth year of Taiping Xingguo (980) to1260,000 in the sixth year of Xuanhe (124).
Chen Yinque said: "The culture of the Chinese nation has developed for thousands of years, which is the peak of the Zhao and Song Dynasties." Many western and Japanese historians believe that the Song Dynasty was a renaissance and economic revolution in China's history.
The Song Dynasty was an era of high prosperity in commodity economy, culture, education and scientific innovation in the history of China. In the third year of Xianping (1000), the total GDP of China was $26.55 billion, accounting for 22.7% of the world economy.
Reference materials Baidu Encyclopedia Song Dynasty (Chinese historical dynasty)