Wei ren in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. At that time, Yedi was an important gateway and strategic location of Weidu, but natural and man-made disasters continued, and the people were in dire straits. Wang Wei appointed Ximen Bao as the magistrate of Ye County to manage Ye Di. When Ximen Bao arrived in the wilderness, he visited the people's sufferings incognito, used the "Hebo Marrying a Wife" incident to punish the three elders, courtiers and witches, educated the people with facts, and got rid of superstitions. At the same time, 12 canals of Zhanghe River were built to control the flood in Zhanghe River and develop agricultural production, so that the people of Yedi gradually became rich. Ximen Bao was an official all his life, honest and clean, and benefited the people. After his death, Yedi people specially built an ancestral temple for him by the Zhangshui River to worship the four seasons. ?
2. Zhao Guanghan
Chef Hippo was born in Wuli County, Zhuo Jun during the Western Han Dynasty. He used to be the magistrate of Yingchuan county, such as Shou Jing and Jing Jing. Zhao Guanghan's reign as satrap in Yingchuan County was the best stage in his early days. He is not afraid of power, smart and capable. In his first few months in office, he did two major things: one was to crack down on the powerful family forces and ease social contradictions; The second is to strengthen local management and change local bad atmosphere. His reputation spread from this, and it is his nature to be good at handling government affairs in this Hanshu. When Zhao Guanghan served as Zhao Yin in Beijing, he showed a high sense of responsibility and often stayed up late to handle various official duties. And good at thinking, pay attention to efficiency. During its governance, the politics of Jingzhao area was clear and clear, which was praised by both officials and people. However, Jing's duty is to manage the capital, because under the emperor's feet, it is easy to offend royalty and dignitaries in daily handling of government affairs. Therefore, although Zhao Guanghan was a leader among city managers, he was finally beheaded. During his tenure in Beijing, Zhao Guanghan was honest and won the praise of the people. ?
3. Ba Huang
(? -5 1 BC), male, born in Yangxia, Huaiyang, Western Han Dynasty (now Taikang, Henan Province). Historian Ban Gu commented: "Since the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the number of officials governing the people has been the first." When Ba Huang was still young, he made up his mind to be a good official. Because there was no imperial examination system in the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued imperial edicts to alleviate financial difficulties, and all those who contributed property to the country were given to officials. Ba Huang traded food for a history of death. After entering politics, be law-abiding, honest and clean; Observing people's feelings, it is important to persuade farmers to mulberry. In particular, Ba Huang ruled the case, advocated benevolent governance and opposed torture; Insist on handling suspicious cases lightly; It advocates leniency from the outside, education first, and prevention before it happens. Therefore, Ba Huang is an official who is supported by the people, satisfied by the court and convinced by his subordinates. As a result, Ba Huang rose from a small history of paying 200 stones a year to the prime minister of the imperial court. One of the most outstanding achievements was serving as a satrap in Yingchuan County, a big county at that time. Previously, Yingchuan County was a place where powerful landlords unified one side and the people were displaced. After he took office, he took drastic measures, bite the hand that feeds him, resettle refugees, attach importance to farming and mulberry, and educate them. After several years of careful management, Yingchuan has a peaceful scene of peace and stability, clear management and production development. Therefore, the emperor wrote a letter praising Ba Huang as a good official. ?
4. Xu Yougong
(? -702), whose real name is Xu, was born in Chang 'an, Tang Dynasty, and was the most famous official in the Tang Dynasty who specialized in handling cases. In ancient times, most official positions were mixed with administration and justice, and only the imperial court had special judges, but their position in the bureaucratic system was extremely low, so it was difficult to make a difference. Although Xu Yougong served as a full-time trial judge for a long time, he went down in history because he dared to strictly abide by the law and hit his face, rehabilitated hundreds of unjust cases and saved more than 10,000 lives. Xu Yougong has served as a judicial officer in Zhou Pu, a criminal officer in Dali Temple, a foreign minister in Qiu Guan and a criminal officer in Shao Qing. When Xu Yougong was an official, it was the Wu and Zhou Dynasties. At that time, there was an insurrection by marquis Wu and a trap set by cruel officials, so it was not easy to enforce the law correctly. Because Xu Yougong handled six or seven hundred major cases before and after, he saved tens of thousands of lives, inevitably offended cruel officials and treacherous court officials, and was frequently impeached and tried. However, in the end, he was charged with the death penalty three times, pardoned three times, dismissed twice and returned twice. In spite of this, he remained firm, did not flatter, and devoted himself to law enforcement. Because of this, Xu became a rare full-time "judge" in history and was praised as "a good official without history" by people at that time. ?
5. Di Renjie
(AD 630-700), Huai Ying, a native of Taiyuan (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi) in the Tang Dynasty, took the Ming Classic (a branch of the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty) and entered the official career. After entering politics, he experienced two eras: Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian. At the beginning, he was appointed as an imperial minister in Cheng Dali. He has served as the secretariat of Ningzhou and Yuzhou, and the assistant minister of local officials. Di is an official, as Lao Tzu said, "saints are fickle in their hearts, and people are fickle in their hearts." In order to save the innocent, he dared to defy the will of the monarch and always maintained the true colors of being close to the people and not afraid of power. He always lived above the temple, worried about the country and the people, and was called "the mainstay of the Tang Dynasty" by later generations. He was appointed Cheng Dali in charge of criminal law. After any one year, he handled more than 65,438+07,000 cases left by his predecessor, and none of them appealed for rehabilitation. This shows that his fairness in handling affairs can be seen. Later generations have compiled many wonderful legends based on this, and even some people in the Netherlands have compiled a book "The Trial Legend of Renjie in Datang Empire".
6. Bao Zheng
bao zheng
(999- 1062), a native of Hefei, Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui), was the most famous honest official in history. Since he was a teenager, he has been determined to make contributions to the country, and "do his best to die". The starting point of Bao Zheng's official career was the magistrate of a county, and later he served as a magistrate, a transfer ambassador and other local administrative officials. He has served as a senior official in charge of state finance, such as the Minister of Supervision and the Deputy Minister of Housing. As a diplomatic envoy in Liao country; The most famous thing is that he worked as a bachelor in Tianzhangge and Longtuge, so later people called him Bao, Bao and Bao Bachelor. Although he served as the magistrate in Kaifeng for just over a year, after his death, Kaifeng people built a Baogong Temple next to the Kaifeng government office building to commemorate and worship him. Bao Zheng lived a clean life and never paid attention to ostentation and extravagance. Even when he became a high official, he still wore the same clothes as when he was dressed in cloth. I hate corruption. I told Injong in the play Begging Without Bribery that "incorruptibility is the appearance of the people". Greedy people are thieves of the people. "He has been strict with himself all his life. Ren Duanzhou, the magistrate, rectified the bureaucracy and cracked down on corruption, which was well received by the people. When leaving office, he politely refused, "I won't return until I send the inkstone"; He was selfless all his life, did not avoid powerful people, and enforced the law like a mountain. It is strongly advocated that all illegal acts of the royal family and eunuchs be brought to justice. It is the main content that Bao Zheng was highly praised and praised by the people before and after his death. Bao Zheng was famous at that time and later generations, especially after his death, as a typical image of an honest official, he was greatly exaggerated by different genres of literary works, making it magical. With the development of international cultural exchange, Bao Zheng, a historical figure and artistic image, has won the world reputation. Although the image of Bao Zheng in historical materials is very different from that in works of art, Bao Zheng's life can not only be appreciated by the feudal supreme ruler, but also be supported and loved by the lower class in dire straits. As an honest official, it is really typical. There is a story in Two Surprise Moments. When Zhu was a county magistrate in Chong 'an County, Fujian Province, one day he received a case that a king sued Da for encroaching on his ancestral grave. The ancients attached importance to Feng Shui, and Zhu was a master of Feng Shui. At that time, many rich people occupied Wang Hao's grave, so Zhu decided to check it out for himself. When you see this grave, it is really a treasure house. The eldest son pleaded, "This was originally a newly built grave in my family. Look, my Lord, the soil is still wet. How can it be his ancestral grave? " Wang argued, "Although the tomb is new and newly built, it has old soil under it, but it belongs to my family after all." Zhu dug with a shovel, and sure enough, he dug up a tombstone with the names of the king's ancestors listed on it. Zhu Jianzhi was furious and set up a monument according to it. Hard evidence is like a mountain. It must be that the surname covets the good feng shui of Wang Zu's grave and maliciously occupies it. So the eldest son was convicted of occupying farmland and gave the cemetery to the king. Zhu was very proud when he closed the case. He thought, "I'm not the person who will do these good things?" Unexpectedly, the truth is another matter: it turned out that Wang knew that Zhu had always targeted the rich and hated them for bullying the people, so he carved the bluestone into words, secretly buried it in the graveyard of Daxing's family, and then complained. Zhu was really taken in. Bao Zheng was also a famous official in Song Dynasty, and an anecdote about him was recorded in Meng Qian's Bi Tan. When Bao Zheng opened the government, someone broke the law and should be punished by law. The man bribed a small official to help him avoid the pain of this meal. The little official took the money and agreed with him: just shout out the grievances when the court is in session, and leave the rest to me. During the trial, the man really cried and cried, and he could tell. Pretending to be impatient, the beadle shouted angrily, "Isn't it just a crutch? Bitter is bitter. Why bother? " Bao Zheng was furious when he saw that the petty official was so overbearing. He blamed him for it, but he was lenient in breaking the law. Although the petty official was beaten, he got the money. The criminal paid the money to avoid a beating. Everyone won, but Bao Zheng lost.
7. Kuang Zhong
(A.D. 1383- 1442) was born in Longgang, Jing 'an County, Jiangxi Province in the Ming Dynasty. Kuang Zhong's most outstanding achievement in his life was becoming the magistrate of Suzhou. He directly reduced the official grain, lightened the burden on the people, and stabilized and developed the economy. At the same time, rectify the bureaucracy, correct the atmosphere, pay attention to cleaning up unjust prisons and avenge the people. He arranged the schedule and asked about the case of a county every day, round and round, without interruption. In the first eight months, more than 1500 cases were cleared. The cases he has tried, big or small, can basically ensure that the people are not wronged, and local tyrants dare not do evil again. Now, as long as it is mentioned, people will immediately think of the honest official who dares to take risks, uphold justice and eliminate pests for the people in the Fifteen Customs. In addition, he also did good things that benefited one side, such as building water conservancy projects, running schools and recommending talents. During his thirteen years in office, Kuang Zhong left office three times and stayed in office three times. He did a lot of practical things for the people of Suzhou, and finally he broke down from overwork and died in Suzhou. In memory of Kuang Zhong, ancestral temples were built in Suzhou and seven counties after his death.
8. (English, Swiss) Harry (name)
(English, Swiss) Harry (name)
(A.D. 15 14- 1587) was born in Qiongshan County, Hainan. His time was the turning point of the Ming Dynasty from prosperity to decline. When the surface is flat, there is danger at that time. When Harry was young, he showed great concern for social problems. When Emperor Jiajing worked in the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, out of concern for the national financial resources, in order to persuade Taoism, he devoted himself to seeking immortality and indulged in building temples and temples everywhere. As a junior official with six grades, he is determined to die. This time, he put forward the famous "Frankly speaking, the best in the world", which was later called "Public Security". After the speech, Harry was immediately thrown into prison. Fortunately, Jiajing died soon, and the new emperor was pardoned under the persuasion of Prime Minister Xu Jie, and the official was reinstated and gradually promoted to the governor of Yingtian Ten Mansions. Later, he presided over the formulation of severe punishments such as "greed at the age of 80" to correct the current abuses and strictly enforce the law and discipline. He is selfless and shows no mercy to Xu Jie, the old prime minister who has always been kind to him. He returned the 400,000 mu of fertile land occupied by the Xu family to the original owner, and demanded that Xu Jie's two sons and more than 20 family members who bullied the good people should be held accountable according to law. Look at Hai Rui as an official. After Jiajing, Qin Long and Wanli dynasties, he risked his life to remonstrate many times. Although it was to safeguard the fundamental interests of feudal rule, he strictly enforced the law, eliminated violence, led an honest and clean life, sympathized with the people, appealed for exile, paid attention to developing production, built water conservancy projects, restricted the endless exploitation of big landlords, and reformed backward customs and habits. His action has been widely supported by the people. Hai Rui, a great official in the Ming Dynasty, once formulated a set of criteria for judging cases: "Anyone with suspicious litigation would rather be his brother than his brother; It is better to bend his nephew than to bend his uncle; It is better to let the rich yield than to let the poor yield; It is better to be opinionated than to be stupid and straightforward. This matter is to fight for the industry, rather than qu xiaomin, I would rather bend the township officials to save the disadvantages. This is the appearance of an argument. It is better to bend the country than to bend the people to save the body. " The world is complicated, and Lord Hai is not Sherlock Holmes. When he meets an unsolved case, he simply leans towards the weak and thinks he feels at ease. Harry is by no means the only follower of this principle. Many officials did this before and after him, and they had a unified title-"honest official".
9. Yuan Keli
Yuan Keli (1562- 1633), a native of Suizhou (now Suixian), was a scholar in the 17th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, and was the official protector of the Prince from the Ministry of War. He was once given a gift by Dr. Guanglu, Prince of Taibao.
Yuan Keli is honest and frank, defending the people. At the age of 28, he impeached the popular governor Ying Tian and rehabilitated the case of Suzhou prefect Shi Kunyu. In the 19th year of Wanli, he became an official in Suzhou. At that time, "the little official held the mountain, and the public film made a decision, like the wind sweeping." (Ming Dynasty Ministry of War Shangshu Festival Kong Zhenyun's Epitaph of Yuan Gong). Shi Kunyu, the prefect, is famous for his integrity. According to the rules, Li Lai, the prefect of Yingtian, falsely accused Shi Taishou of being guilty, and Yuan Keli avenged him. "For cheng recite, its sound lang. Zhong Cheng was so ashamed that he raised the screen and blocked himself. The voice of public reading is becoming more and more fierce, and Zhong Cheng has disintegrated on its own. "(Huang Daozhou's Biography of Yuan Huan Gong) Yuan Keli Shanxi Road censor, Wu Min wine dependent, crying thyme.
10, Yu Chenglong (16 17- 1684), whose real name is Bei 'ai, was born in Yushan, Yongning (now Lishi, Lvliang). Qing Duan and a gift for Prince Taibao. In the 12th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1639), Yu Chenglong served as an assistant envoy, and in the 18th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (16 1), he served as a magistrate, a Taoist priest, a provincial judge, a minister, a governor-general, a minister of armed forces and a university student. In his career of more than 20 years, he was praised as "outstanding" three times. With his outstanding achievements and honest and industrious life, he won the love of the people and the praise of Emperor Kangxi, and became famous in the ruling and opposition circles, known as "the first honest official in the world".
Although Yu Chenglong's rank is getting higher and higher, life is more difficult. In order to curb the luxury and corruption of the ruling class, he took the lead in practicing that "those who serve the people must bow first and save their servants." In Zhili, he "mixed rice and bread crumbs into porridge and ate it with servants", while in Jiangnan, he "ate a bowl of porridge and a spoonful of porridge all year round." Therefore, Jiangnan people affectionately call him Yu. Under strict constraints, the official of the governor's yamen said, "If you can't get vegetables and tea, you will spit out the leaves every day after picking them, and the tree will be bald." He has been adrift at sea for more than 20 years, alone in the world, with no family. Only when a wife has been away for 20 years can he see him. His austere festival. It was famous at that time. According to reports, as soon as the news that he was the governor of the two rivers came out, the price of Nanjing cloth suddenly rose. "Jinling lotus town tried to change clothes." That is, if you dare not use music when you get married, the literati will drive away and destroy Ya Dan, even those who are too scared to leave home ... The traitors will run away with their wives. After my death, I only saw "cold dish soup" ... so my clothes were worn out and my boots were worn out, and there was nothing outside. "