Introduction of Li Bai
Li Bai (70 1 ~ 762) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word is too white, and the number is violet. Mian Governor Long (now Jiangyou, Sichuan) was born.
In his youth, Li Bai studied in a wide range. In addition to Confucian classics and ancient literary and historical masterpieces, he also browsed hundreds of books and became a "good swordsman". Believing in Taoism, having the idea of transcending the secular; At the same time, he has the political ambition to make contributions. The poems he wrote in Shu as a teenager are rarely preserved, but they show outstanding talent. Li Bai traveled in eastern Sichuan when he was about twenty-five or six years old. In the next ten years, he roamed many places in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. In the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), he once arrived in Chang 'an to strive for a political way out, but failed. In the first year of Tianbao (742), he was called by Xuanzong to worship Hanlin in Chang 'an as a minister of civil affairs and participated in drafting documents. Less than two years later, he was forced to resign and leave Beijing. During this period, Li Bai's poetry and song creation tends to be mature. 1 1 years later, continue to wander in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. "Wandering around the world, it is suitable for poetry and wine." He still cares about state affairs and hopes to be re-appointed by the court. In the third year of Tianbao, Li Bai met Du Fu in Luoyang and became good friends. They didn't meet again after breaking up the next year. In the fourteenth year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai lived in seclusion in Xuancheng (now Anhui) and Lushan Mountain. In the second year1February, he was invited to the Lee Shogunate in Wang Yong, hoping to eliminate the rebellion and restore national unity. After Wang Yong angered Su Zong and was killed, Li Bai was also found guilty, imprisoned in Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) and soon exiled to Yelang (now Tongzi, Guizhou). On the way, I was forgiven and came back. I was 59 years old. Living in Jiangnan area in his later years. At the age of 6 1, I heard that Qiu Li Guangbi led an army out of the city to attack the Anshi rebels and went north to join the army to kill the enemy. He turned back halfway due to illness. The following year, he died in the apartment of his uncle Dangtu (now Anhui) county magistrate Li.
Textual research on Li Bai's death
There have always been two versions of Li Bai's death: one is illness and the other is drowning. The former existed in the Tang Dynasty, and it was "the danger of greed, the soul is extremely drunk" (Pi Rixiu's seven-character poem). Guo Moruo, who studied medicine, put it more scientifically, "Empyema is chronic, and punching holes in the chest wall becomes the danger of greed" (Li Bai and Du Fu). The latter is a folk legend, in which "fishing for the moon and falling into the water" and "riding a whale to the sky" are dismissed as absurd. However, some things are inconclusive. ? There are related records (epitaph, epitaph, biography) in the Tang Dynasty, and there are many articles about the death of Li Bai. Dangtu county magistrate Li Yangbing is Li Bai's uncle. Li Bai was still there when he wrote the preface to Caotang Collection. In the preface, he only said that he was "urgently ill". No matter whether Li died of illness or not, there is no "postscript reprint" After Li Bai's death, Li Hua, who was longer than the inscription, was as fond of ink as gold, and cleverly avoided the cause of death in the thirteen words of Li Bai's epitaph: "There are two at the age of 60, and I have not died with him." "Fifty-five years later, Fan Chuan, a" family friend "of Li, wrote down the cause of death on Li Baixin's tombstone, with only eight words:" Wandering in Yizhou, but dying here. "It seems that Li Bai's illness is true, and there is no first-hand information to conclude that he died of illness. ? I agree to drown. If the death of a celebrity is not obvious, there will always be a cloud of doubt, which will remain a mystery for a long time. If Li Bai dies of illness, Li can make up for it, and Li Hua doesn't have to avoid it. Fan Zhengchuan should be more eloquent; If it weren't for a "natural death", it would certainly give birth to a lot of scruples. In feudal times, drowning was considered as "sudden death" rather than "natural death". According to the ancient ceremony, it is an ominous sign that relatives and friends can't mourn, and it also hinders the future of future generations. In order to cover up the truth, it is often regarded as "death". In this way, relatives and friends who are both taboo and unwilling to cheat, began to hesitate to write, and had to avoid the heavy and light. ? History has left us only a few mysterious words! The truth of history is not always in words, and it is often biased to explore the truth with existing words; The winding path leads to a secluded place, that is, based on historical experience, we seek extensive examination, glimpse the subtle meaning between the lines of unofficial history, the official history, and trace back to the legendary source of running water. The legend of every celebrity is full of beauty, evil, fame and ruin, mostly based on people's wishes, which inevitably brings too much emotion, but also contains some truth. Li Bai's drowning theory began to spread as early as when Li Bai lived to be a hundred years old. Du Fu's poems "Li Bai's Dream" and "Li Bai to the End of the Sky" include "There is water to cross, they are wild and churning, if you fall, there will be dragons and monsters in the river", "Beside the river and lake-storms, shipwrecks, fears in a small boat" and "Ghost Ying * * * threw poems at him, and he drowned in the Milo River". Wu Shan people say: "If you are suspicious, you will spread false stories about the dead, so the children are beautiful." (Wang Qi notes "Complete Works of Li Taibai", Volume 32) Can we imagine that "Pseudobiography" cast a "hint" on Li Bai as he lay dying, and Li Bai's death made it spread on an unprecedented scale and for a long time?
"Moon fishing" and "whale riding" are all bullshit. It is worth pondering that people would rather give up the exploration of medical science and drive their own imagination, which is really meaningful. Poets of past dynasties dismissed the "threat of disease" and flatly recognized that fishing for the moon and riding whales, such as "drunken holding the bright moon at the bottom of the river, shaking the heart in autumn" (Zong Chen), "drunk at that time, but now it is cold light flowing to Wan Li" (Upp) and "there is nothing left for the world to fly, and riding whales for the elderly is the sky" (Li Dongyang). Today, Dangtu people still talk about catching Taiwan, and it is difficult for painters to reproduce the image of "riding a whale to heaven" based on the Antarctic blue whale in the exhibition hall of Li Bai cemetery. ? At this point, a hypothesis came out immediately. There are only two possibilities for drowning: one is to slip after drunkenness, and the other is to throw into the river. From Qu Yuan to Wang Guowei, how many poems Weng Wenbo had an indissoluble bond with the river! Li Bai, known as the "fallen fairy", is a genius that has never been seen in the world, and naturally it is not allowed by the world. It was not Li Bai's unique "return" that threw him into the river!
It is said that Li Bai really died of drinking. According to Guo Moruo, when Li Bai died. The whole body is festering inside. However, people don't want to let a great poet go like this, so they made up many legends, the most famous of which is the legend that Li Bai died by riding a whale to catch the moon. Wen Yiduo wrote such a poem. How Li Bai died is not very important to us now. Li Bai died more than 1000 years ago, not only his people but also his spirit. Li Bai is a poet and has a very elegant personality, which we can't see much from so-called poets or literati now. Li Bai was indomitable all his life and maintained a lofty personality, which I seldom see in today's society. A genius like him is even harder to see. Perhaps this can highlight the greatness of Li Bai.