Gong Wangmi, who has been swaying in the historical storm for more than 200 years, has long been in full bloom after being plundered by the imperialist powers in the late Qing Dynasty, the decline and corruption of the government of the Republic of China and the special historical stage of the Cultural Revolution. As the carrier of Wang Fu culture between the palace culture and the civilian culture, if the Gongwangfu complex is not rescued and protected, people today will be ashamed of their ancestors and descendants.
There are three masters in Gongwangfu: Xiao Shenyang, Qing Wang Yong and Gongwangyi. . What is the exact name of this palace complex? Experts did argue during the restoration. This building was built by Shenyang, which was in power at that time. His greed made him build such a magnificent mansion, and his talent (imperial academy Biyong Palace was designed by Xiao Shenyang) made him pursue perfection in architectural art, but it was built outside the system, which made this mansion have the specifications of Wang Fu. The second owner is Qing Wang Yonglin. He doesn't love this country and this house. During his residence, Xiao Shenyang's daughter-in-law, Qianlong's daughter Gulun and Xiao Gege still lived in the East Courtyard (according to the laws of the Qing Dynasty, Wang Fu's property rights belonged to the court, and the sovereign only enjoyed the right of residence); Later, Cixi gave the palace to Prince Gong, who helped her succeed in the coup. . After reading this history, it seems more reasonable to name it "Gongwangfu". There is a plaque inscribed by Pu Jie in front of Gongwangfu today.
There are "three wonders and one treasure" in Gongwangfu. What buildings do they refer to? Where was the "crack wall" of the small Shenyang treasure in those days? Let's go into the palace and explore.
Gongwangfu consists of a mansion and a garden. Mansion buildings are divided into three roads: East, Middle and West. Each route from south to north consists of multiple quadrangles, with a strict central axis running through it. The main buildings in the middle road are Yin 'antang and Jialetang. Yin' antang is commonly known as "Yinluantang". The Lantern Festival was caught in a fire at 192 1 and no longer exists. What we see now is respect for historical reconstruction on the original basis; The front yard of East Road is called Duofu Concord. In front of the hall, there is a vine that has been growing for more than 200 years. It is extremely rare in Beijing, so it is also called "rattan pavilion". The main courtyard of the East Road Backward Courtyard is called "Ledaotang", which was the game of Prince Gong. Living quarters; The quadrangles on West Road are small and exquisite, and the main buildings are Baoguang Room and Xijinzhai. The masterpiece is the tall and majestic Xijinzhai, with beautifully carved nanmu partition in the hall and rare mother stone on the ground. Xijinzhai was opened by Puyi, the "Little Prince Gong", so there was a rare calligraphy treasure "Ping Fu Tie" in the house. On the gables on the east and west sides of the Baoguang Hall, you can see two "crevice walls" that used to store small Shenyang treasures. When the building was completed, it was cleverly covered by a corridor next to the gable, which made people mistakenly think it was a wall of the porch.
There are "three wonders and one treasure" in Gongwangfu. The first one is the post-Gai Lou in the deepest part of the mansion, which is the boundary between the mansion and the garden. The building is 156 meters long from east to west, with 44 brick-carved assorted windows in different shapes on the back wall, and there are 108 rooms in it, commonly known as "ninety-nine and a half rooms", which means "to benefit from maturity" in Taoism.
Gongwangfu Garden, huh? Named "Cui Jin Garden", the garden is also divided into three roads: East, West and East. There is a white marble arch stone gate with western architectural style in the middle of the road. Just above the threshold, it is inscribed "Quiet with Taikoo" and behind it, it is inscribed "Beautiful and unchanging in spring". At that time, the white marble gate in the back garden was the second best in Gongwangfu. Centered on the word "Fu" in the secret cloud cave of Di Cuifeng, there are Dole Peak and Bat Pond in front, then Qingtian and Bat Hall. The layout is unforgettable. East Road Grand Theatre is the third one in Wang Fu. Hyman's colorful paintings in the hall make the beams and columns look like vines with purple flowers, as if watching a play under the vine frame. It is said that all the famous Peking Opera artists before Mei Lanfang performed here. No matter where you go to the opera house, the sound effect of the hall with a capacity of 200 people is the same, which is worthy of the name. At the southern end of the theater, the village and winding paths lead to secluded places, enjoying flowers, singing incense and drinking the moon, and flowing cup pavilions form the garden in the garden.
Mr. Hou Renzhi, a historical geographer, said, "A Gongwangfu is half of history of qing dynasty". Gongwangfu was once a famous palace in history, which experienced the rule of seven emperors in Qing Dynasty, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuan Tong. Like a mirror, it witnessed the historical process of the Qing Dynasty from its heyday to its decline, bearing extremely rich historical and cultural information.
Prince Gong was bent on this time. Cixi and Guangxu visited Gong Wangfu three times, which shows the political status of Gong Wangfu at that time. Hey? In the late Qing Dynasty, he held a high position in politics and dominated politics for 30 years. Many important events in the history of the late Qing Dynasty took place in Gongwangfu. After Yixin's death, the eldest son died childless, and Wang Jue was inherited by Pu Wei, the son of Zaiying, the second son of Yixin. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, Xiao Gong Wang Puwei began to engage in restoration activities. Because of the huge expenses, he had to mortgage the tribute to the Catholic Church. In the case that the principal and interest could not be recovered, part of the mansion was mortgaged to Fu Jen Catholic University with a church background. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, it was once the seat of the Japanese Gendarmerie Command.
Beijingers often say, "When you go to the Forbidden City, you should be moved by the royal family, the Great Wall, and the Gongwangfu." As far as geographical location is concerned, Gongwangfu occupies an excellent position in Beijing. It is said that there are two Long Mai in Beijing, one is Longtu, the Long Mai of the Forbidden City; One is a waterspout, which is on the line between Houhai and Beihai, and Gongwangfu is just on the Long Mai between Houhai and Beihai, so the feng shui is very good. No matter the top ten marshals living in Luyin Street, or the former residences of Soong Ching Ling and Guo Moruo, they are all in the annex of Gongwangfu, and they all live for a long time. It is said that Chairman Mao is very proficient in Feng Shui, and he is full of praise for it.
Wang Fu's good fortune comes from Kangxi Imperial Pen, which bears the seal of "Treasure of Kangxi Imperial Pen" and has the title of "The Best Fortune in the World". As for why this blessing tablet appeared in Gongwangfu Garden, it is still a historical unsolved case. There are many sayings among the people. Some say that Qianlong married his daughters Gulun and Princess Xiao. Some people say that it was given to the courtiers by Qianlong. This statement soon brought another mystery. Since emperors of all ages remember this "blessing" so much, and the hiding place of the blessing tablet in Gongwangfu is not very secret, have Jiaqing and his later kings ever found this blessing tablet? If you have found it, why not take it back to the Forbidden City? Thus, another legend was born. The Fuzi tablet is embedded in the natural longevity character of Taihu Stone in Miyun Cave. If the monument is removed, the long words will be broken in the middle, so they will not become "long words" And the whole birthday character constitutes the cornerstone of Didi Cuifeng, and the demolition of the monument is bound to damage the rockery; The rockery was built into a dragon's head in the two dragons' pearl play, and the demolition of the monument is the demolition of the dragon's head. More dramatically, the location of the Confucius Monument is consistent with the Long Mai in Feng Shui, so the demolition of the Monument will destroy Long Mai, and the retrieval of the Confucius Monument will be at the expense of destroying the dragon head, Long Mai and sacrificing longevity, which is something that no son of heaven will do. Perhaps, this is really an important reason why The First Fortune of China has been kept in Gongwangfu.
After visiting Gongwangfu, I was suddenly enlightened. Many mysteries about this palace were solved one by one, but another mystery was born in my heart. Gongwangfu, the first blessing in China, failed to bring blessings to its master. Little Shenyang, who was bent on taking money, was as rich as an enemy, and finally ruined Qingqing's life because of greed; Qing Wang Yonglin, who did not serve his country but enjoyed it, was just a passer-by of history. Prince Gong, who is brave and knowledgeable and called "Ghost Six"? Great talent and ambition can't save the decadent Qing court. In fact, as a person, the real blessing is that he is introverted, wants to do things and can serve the public.