The south gate of Yangzhou was once an important pass in Yangzhou, with March City and land and water gates standing side by side. As for the south gate of Yangzhou, there are Zhenhuaimen and Anjiangmen successively. Li Dou's "The Story of Yangzhou Boat" records in six volumes: "Zhenhuai Gate is due north of the old city, and was originally the south gate. Jiajing was called Chen Gong, and now it is called Zhenhuai. " Volume 7 also records: "Anjiangmen is just south of the old city, that is, the south gate, and Jiajing only promoted the name' Zhenhuai'." It can be seen that Zhenhuaimen in Ming Dynasty was a guide gate, and it was not until Qing Dynasty that the south gate was called "Anjiangmen" and the north gate was called "Zhenhuaimen".
Nanmen Site is an important part of Yangzhou City Site (Sui-Song Dynasty), a national key cultural relic protection unit. Including the ruins of the land gate built or repaired in the Tang, Northern Song, Southern Song and Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as some relics related to the Watergate and Shuiguan sites. Although it has been more than 1200 years, the position of the south gate of Yangzhou City has never changed, and the city overlaps with the city, which is praised as the general history of ancient city gates in China by archaeology, history and architecture. At the scene, you will witness the remains of the South Gate site.
26 years ago,
The South Gate site first appeared in the air.
On August 24th 1984, the outdoor temperature reached 40℃. The development of commercial and residential buildings next to Nantong West Road is in full swing.
When the rows of low-rise bungalows on the roadside were pushed down, the commercial and residential buildings began to dig the foundation. The roar of the excavator attracted many people to see what was going on-how deep should the foundation be dug here? How long does it take to dig ... among these audiences, one person has a different view from others. He's looking for treasure.
His name is Wang and he was the curator of Yangzhou Museum at that time. From the day when the bungalow next to Nantong West Road was demolished, he stopped to the construction site every day to observe it carefully.
That day, he squeezed through layers of people and vaguely found a rammed brick wall under the pit. After a pause, he focused on the "wall" again. Yes, it's a wall! His heart is beating fast.
This unexpected discovery made him extremely excited. He quickly ran down from the broken bricks, got on his bike and walked in the direction of the unit. As soon as he entered the office, he called the then deputy director of Tang Cheng Site Protection Center: Director Gu, there seems to be a treasure in the south gate. I found a wall there. Go and have a look.
It is Wang's "seeing every day" that makes the Nanmen site not be "ignored" in the construction of that commercial and residential building.
They immediately reported to their superiors to gain time to organize archaeological excavations. At that time, an archaeological team composed of Nanjing Museum, Yangzhou Museum and Yangzhou Tang Cheng Site Cultural Relics Preservation Center launched an archaeological excavation. Archaeological time increased from 3 days to 15 days, and then to 45 days. Due to the development of architecture, some houses were built on the original site.
The first archaeological excavation of Nanmen site opened the prelude of ancient Yangzhou urban archaeology. Yangzhou Tang and Song Sites Selected 1993 Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in China.
In 2007, the construction of Nanmen Ruins Square began, and eight buildings on this site were demolished. Experts predicted that "it will be demolished after construction" became a reality. The municipal government invested nearly 100 million yuan to demolish the modern buildings in the upper part of Nanmen site and its surrounding plots, fully explore and display Nanmen site, and rectify the surrounding environment.
South Gate Site: Defining the Southern Boundary of Yangzhou Tangcheng
Yangzhou was very prosperous in the Tang Dynasty and was known as the "richest man in the world". But how big Yangzhou was at that time is still unclear, and there are debates in history. There are two main theories. One was recorded by Ren Yuan, a Japanese monk in the Tang Dynasty. It is 5.5 kilometers long from north to south and 3.5 kilometers long from east to west. Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Song Dynasty, made a similar statement in Meng Qian's Bi Tan, except that the north and south became 7.5 kilometers. Another view is that Ren Yuan and Shen Kuo are wrong. The southern line of Yangzhou in Tang Dynasty was in today's Caohe area. How did Yangzhou change in Tang Dynasty and past dynasties? As we all know, the size of a city has an influence on its politics, economy and culture. This time, with the in-depth study of the ancient city wall in the south gate of Yangzhou, this long-standing unresolved problem has finally been solved. The Tang Cheng discovered this time, not only according to the stratum, but also the characters on the unearthed wall bricks all have the style of the Tang Dynasty, which proves that it is a cultural relic of the Tang Dynasty.
1984 the discovery of the south gate site proves that Yangzhou city was south of the ancient canal in the south of the city in the Tang Dynasty. This is also the first L.A. gate to be displayed in front of the world. Unlike ordinary city buildings, which only have four gates, east, west, north and south, Luocheng has more than ten gates, and only the south gate has four. In addition to the well-known ruins of the South Gate, there are three other South Gates. The current archaeological exploration results basically confirm that one is located in the east of the office building of the main campus of Yang Da University, which should be west of the South Gate, one is located in the present Yucai Experimental Primary School, and the other is located in the east of the South Gate Site. The four doors are connected in a line, and the basic direction of the south wall of Luocheng is clear.
In the Tang Dynasty, there were two cities in Yangzhou: Zicheng and Luocheng, one high and one low, and the north and the south echoed each other. The vice city above Shugang, also known as Yacheng, is the seat of the yamen. Luocheng in the south is a big city, where houses, streets and temples are distributed. Zicheng on Shugang was built on the basis of Miyagi built by Emperor Yang Di, while Luocheng under Shugang was built later, and its scale was much larger than Zicheng. Together, the two cities have a total length of about 6 kilometers from north to south and a width of about 3 kilometers from east to west, second only to Chang 'an and Luoyang. It can be seen that the specifications of Yangzhou City in Tang Dynasty are much higher than those of ordinary local cities.
Authoritative argument: Nanmen site of Bamai, a well-known expert in China.
Nanmen Site is called "General History of the Gate of China" by the archaeological circles in China, which is based on Zheng, a famous cultural relic protection expert in China. 1During the symposium held in Yangzhou in April, 1986, Zheng Lao served as the deputy head of the State Council Economic Group and the consultant of the Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Urban and Rural Environmental Protection. "Seeing this wall, my feelings will rise!" Zheng Lao said excitedly, "In the past, palaces, temples, houses and gardens in ancient China were classified, but the city walls were not. This is an omission in our architectural history. The discovery of this site in Yangzhou, from Tang Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties, is a complete history. Awesome! "
Luo, a famous ancient architecture protection expert, is an old friend of Yangzhou. At that time, he was a member of the State Cultural Relics Committee and a Commissioner of Cultural Relics of the Ministry of Culture. He was overjoyed to see the site of the South Gate, calling it "an important relic in the national wall building".
Xu, then deputy director of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believed that the conclusion that the city was built in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties was basically reliable. He affirmed the achievements of this archaeological work and the scientific value of the site, and agreed that this excavation work is a new exploration of urban archaeology in China, which has accumulated valuable experience for future work in this field.
Gold:
General History of China City Gate.
The reporter came to the Nanmen site at the southern end of Nanmen Street and looked at the magnificent Nanmen site, as if he had seen the bustling scene of ancient Yangzhou with traffic and people coming and going.
The reporter saw at the scene that the diameter of the doorway in Nanmenwodong was 20 cm, and it was conceivable that the city gate was big that year. The rut marks are vivid, which makes people seem to see the endless traffic and people coming and going in ancient Yangzhou. A section of exhibition flume is10m long, with an inner diameter, width and depth of 30cm, which shows that the urban construction facilities in ancient Yangzhou are fully functional and the drainage is smooth.
Nanmen site has a complex structure and a long history of use, which is a historical symbol and an important witness of the development of Yangzhou, an ancient city. Its discovery not only provides valuable information for studying the form and structure of ancient cities in China, but also adds richer cultural connotations to the famous city of Yangzhou.
The construction of Yangzhou city in past dynasties was related to the background of turmoil and war. For example, in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Yangzhou suffered frequent fires, and the prosperous and magnificent Yangzhou City was seriously damaged. "The Yangtze River and Huaihe River are thousands of miles apart, sweeping the floor." At the end of the Five Dynasties, the later Zhou Dynasty started a war to attack the Southern Tang Dynasty. Yuan Zong of the Southern Tang Dynasty knew that the eastern capital (Yangzhou) was difficult to defend. In the 15th year of Baoda University (957), Yangzhou City became a famous historical city by "burning its palace and moving its people to the south of the Yangtze River".
In the second year, Zhou Shizong occupied Yangzhou, saw the terrible situation in the city, and mobilized more than 10,000 people to repair the destroyed Yangzhou city. Because the city was empty at that time, just in the southeast corner of the old city, so don't build a new city. The new city uses the east wall and the south wall of Luocheng to build the west wall and the north wall. This newly-built city is smaller than Luocheng, so it is called "Zhou Xiaocheng" in history.
Two years later, Zhao Kuangyin unified China, still taking Zhouxiaocheng as Yangzhou City in Song Dynasty.
After the Song Dynasty crossed to the south, Yangzhou changed from an economic city to a defensive castle in the Northern Song Dynasty. During the Shaoxing period, a fortress city and a clip city were built in the north of the Song Dynasty, which was the origin of the three cities in the Song Dynasty. The layout of the three cities in the Song Dynasty, as well as the solid structure of the city walls, gates and crocks, played a very important role in the military history of China and the history of Yugoslav defense architecture.
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Yangzhou City suffered another fire, and "there were only 18 residents in the city". During Zhu Yuanzhang's reign, he "cut the southwest corner of the city and guarded it". The city only used the south half of Song Dacheng West Gate and the west wall, and the west half of South Gate and the south wall to rebuild the north wall and the east wall. Only the most essential central river course and the southern section of North-South Street in Luotang City were brought into the city, and the whole city became a narrow town in the north and south. During the Jiajing period, in order to prevent the enemy, an outer city was built. Since then, two cities, old and new, have appeared in Yangzhou in the Ming Dynasty (Mindfulness is the old city and Jiajing is the new city). The scope of the old and new Ming cities has laid the foundation for the scale of the old city of Yangzhou today.
From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou City was rebuilt and moved several times, but the position of the south gate of Yangzhou City never changed. Therefore, the present Nanmen site can be called the general history of China City Gate, which has been preserved until the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The planning layout, masonry methods and the use of building materials of these gates directly reflected the planning and construction level of local cities in China at that time. Among them, the gate in the middle of Tang Dynasty is the earliest urn site discovered in Yangzhou. Archaeological excavations reveal the historical vicissitudes of the South Gate from 65438 to 0200, like immortal rings.