First of all, different varieties have different requirements for maintenance. Generally speaking, bonsai can be divided into flower viewing bonsai, such as azalea, begonia, wisteria, snow, honeysuckle and so on. The key period of their appreciation is in the flower season. The beautiful flowers of Yingshanhong, the bright national flag, the freshness of white cuckoo and the loveliness of pink really make you feel as if you are seeing all kinds of women, each with its own characteristics, which should be held in your arms. The second category is fruit bonsai, such as golden marble, pomegranate, apple, loquat and so on.
These bonsai are the peak season for appreciation, mainly from the beginning of the fruit to the fall. Although they are not as appropriate as flowers, they can express their feelings and are so pleasing to the eye, but the result is a recognition of the harvest. Generally, northern players like fruits, while southern players like flowers. In addition to these two kinds, the authentic bonsai is pine, cypress and miscellaneous wood. For example, the owner's house is miscellaneous wood. Pine trees include black pine, yellow pine and arhat pine, all of which are big streams, while cypress trees have them. Golden cypress, juniper, juniper and golden cypress are the most precious because they are difficult to maintain. For their conservation, what needs to be done is that soil, water and fertilizer should be applied in season, watered according to temperature and used by the environment.
Flowers:
Seasonal fertilization: mainly from April to May every year, apply 0.5% P-K fertilizer solution for 2-3 times; Topdressing 1-2 times diluted organic fertilizer solution in Ladong is not suitable for fertilization in other seasons. Avoid applying thick fertilizer.
Watering according to the temperature: bonsai in snow should be watered frequently during the growing period, and it should not be too wet for a long time. Spray water on the leaves 1-2 times a day in summer; Reduce watering times in winter and keep the soil moist and slightly dry.
Environmental soil: turn over the pots every 1-2 years 1 time. In February-March of spring or late autumn, remove all the old soil and trim the roots properly. Can be combined with turning pots and lifting roots to form hanging roots and improve ornamental value. After defoliation in winter every year and before germination in the next spring, plastic pruning is carried out, long branches and long branches are cut short, and thin branches that are too dense are thinned, and branches with diseases and pests and other disorderly branches that affect appreciation are cut off; In the growing period, the seeds are removed, buds are smeared and branches are removed in time. All in order to maintain its beautiful appearance.
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Fruit:
The south is represented by golden marble:
1. Southern tree species, warm and humid, slightly shaded in summer, indoors in winter.
2. Pot soil must be kept moist at ordinary times and not allowed to dry. Fertilize regularly during the growth period, and add phosphate fertilizer in summer and autumn to promote flowering and fruiting.
3. The soil can be loose and fertile, and the bottom of the basin is covered with a layer of coarse sand or vermiculite to facilitate drainage. Prune in March in spring, remove messy branches and too dense branches, and keep the tree shape.
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Pomegranate is the representative of the north.
Fertilize once every six months, it is best to use compound fertilizer of three or more elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, instead of applying nitrogen fertilizer alone, otherwise the branches will grow white and not conducive to reproductive growth.
Water should be "between wet and dry". Don't water it if you don't do it. Water it thoroughly. Because most potted pomegranates are potted plants, the watering holes left in the pots are too small. If they can't be watered thoroughly, you can choose the' soaking pot method' to soak the pot soil. The method is to put the potted pomegranate into the pool, drain it to the edge of the pot, and let the water slowly soak the pot soil.
Pomegranate trees should be watered once before germination in spring, and the rhizosphere should be covered with organic fertilizer about 5 cm. When the soil surface layer is slightly dry, combine weeding and loosening the soil once to make the organic fertilizer and the soil mix somewhat. When pomegranate successfully sets fruit, it should be watered and fertilized according to the weather conditions. At this time, potassium fertilizer is dominant, followed by nitrogen fertilizer.
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Finally, our authentic bonsai.
Pine tree: As the saying goes, standing like a pine tree means standing tall and straight like a pine tree.
Black pine
Pine bonsai is different from melons and fruits, with few shapes and strange shapes. Basically, it is shaped according to the combination of tree shape and environment, including straight rod type, welcoming pine type, cliff type and so on. The choice of basin is based on modeling.
Selection of pots: The branches and leaves of black pine are dark green, and medium-deep purple sand pottery pots should be selected. Glazed pottery pots can be used for small bonsai, and stone carving pots of alum or marble can be used for large bonsai. The shape of the basin can be determined according to the type of tree. Generally, there are many rectangular basins or elliptical basins, and the cliff model should adopt deep thousand-tube basins or medium-deep square basins.
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Soil: Black pine is not strict with soil, and loose and deep neutral soil or slightly acidic soil is suitable. It is best to use mountain soil or humus soil mixed with 20% sand as culture soil for potted plants. The soil should not be too fertile to control growth. This is based on the environment of pine trees on the mountain and is considered to be simulated. Facts have proved that relying on mountains to eat mountains requires learning from mountains, and each plant has its own unique living environment.
Planting: It is best to plant before germination in March. Plants should bring overnight soil. Roots that are too long can be properly cut short, so that when planted, the roots will not bend in the pot.
Overall attitude treatment: mainly climbing, supplemented by pruning. After a year of blank cultivation, the black pine stump grows well. Developed root system, high survival rate and strong anti-smoke pollution ability.
In order to meet the needs of making bonsai, when cultivating in the open field, we should choose a place with abundant sunshine and poor soil, and control the supply of water and nutrients, so that its taproot is short, its lateral root is developed, its stem is short and bent, its branches and leaves are dense, and its posture is simple and elegant. When it is good, it can be treated in the basin. The trunk of the stump is relatively thick, so it can be properly cut and processed, and then the remaining side branches can be climbed into a flat or drooping shape. When selecting and retaining lateral branches, we should be careful not to leave parallel branches and symmetrical branches, and it is best to have hierarchical differences. The whole posture processing of black pine should be carried out in the dormant period, when the sap flows slowly, there is no danger of rosin overflow when pruning branches. During the growing period, you can only climb or pick buds to control growth, but you can't trim the whole body.
Huangshan pine, as its name implies, is a pine tree that grows on Huangshan Mountain. But this is not unique to Huangshan Mountain. At the top of Hanshan Mountain, as long as it is suitable for the growth of pine trees, the basic Pinus taiwanensis can grow, but the growth is different.
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Pinus taiwanensis is a light-loving tree species. In full light, its lateral branches are rotating and its needles are straight. Dark green, shiny. Usually, you only need enough light and good ventilation to grow flowers. The high temperature in summer needs shade. In winter, if it is placed outdoors, it is best to bury the basin in the lee of the sun, leaving only the branches exposed. If you are in the north, you need ventilation indoors, and the temperature should not be too high.
Watering: Pinus taiwanensis likes dryness and hates dampness, and the soil in the basin should be dry, so watering should not be too much, and then watering should be carried out after the dryness is complete. Needles can often spray water, which is beneficial to growth. Appropriate water withholding in spring and summer will shorten the needle and increase the aesthetic feeling.
Fertilization: Pinus taiwanensis doesn't like fertilizer very much. Too much fertilization will easily hurt his roots. Just like a guy who doesn't like to eat, you try your best to make him eat, and finally your stomach is upset and you are constipated. Every year in late spring and early summer, shells such as snails, clams and mussels can be broken and boiled 1 hour. After cooling, they can be used with water. If the pH value of soil increases, vanadium fertilizer water can be applied. Is it exquisite? I can't help it I was born in a famous mountain.
Turn over the pot: Huangshansong likes to move steadily, once a year, so it is enough to turn over the pot once every 3-5 years, and the time is March-May every year. Turn over the pot to keep the general soil, arrange the roots, cut off the long roots that affect the upper pot, and then put the pot according to the technical requirements of the upper pot.
No matter how special Huangshan pine is, it can't escape the instinct of pine trees. It is prone to leaf blight and embroidery disease. There are also common diseases such as aphids, scale insects and red spiders.
Let's talk about cypress again:
It is estimated that everyone has been exposed to Kim Jong-bai, such as Kim Jong-bai bracelets and Kim Jong-bai root carvings. In fact, these are all by-products of Jin Zhongbai, because Jin Zhongbai is not easy to feed, and the material is hard and not easy to decay, so the root carving of Jin Zhongbai appeared.
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Jin Zhongbai is a living fossil, from the dinosaur era to the present, but now it has been stolen by many people because of a market, and it is almost extinct. Sargassum thunbergii is an all-natural plant, which can not be cultivated and planted artificially, and its quantity is small and non-renewable. Especially the Platycladus orientalis, which grows on the cliff, is relatively small. Light brown golden cypress, commonly known as "old material", has been weathered for hundreds of years, with stable smell and comfortable aroma. The market price is more than ten thousand yuan.
Medicinal value:
First, soothe the mind and make the mind calm-it can obviously improve insomnia and dreaminess, and its fragrance can increase the oxygen content in the blood and make people feel happy. In Japan, the aroma of cypress wood is known as "air vitamin", and some cancer experts let patients have health care treatment in cypress forest. It can improve patients' mood and improve their immunity by using the tail of the golden cypress as incense and letting the aroma of the tail of the golden cypress surround the patients.
Second, detoxification and beauty, the book contains: "Keli Waterway, Xingyang Road". Jin zhongbai's five elements belong to gold, which can help lung qi and fur; The decoction pieces of golden bell, cypress, rat tail and ginseng can moisten intestines and remove oil, promote metabolism, remove garbage in the body, and beautify and moisturize skin.
Third, anti-inflammatory, detoxification-Jin Zhongbai's aromatic gas can purify the air, kill bacteria and viruses, and has the effect of anti-inflammatory and detumescence. The essential oil of golden cypress rat tail has a miraculous effect on insect and ant bites and nameless swelling and pain. "China Pharmacopoeia" contains: "People with hemorrhoids in eastern Sichuan, sitting on cypress, have a miraculous effect of relieving pain and swelling; Its wood can boil water, polish hair and treat scabies.
Golden bell and cypress bonsai:
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Transplanting: When transplanting the golden cypress, clean the soil and grass roots on the surface of the soil ball, remove the exposed stones, seal the thick roots and straight rods with latex, then spray carbendazim or potassium permanganate, square the piles, fill the soil and tamp them, and finally water them repeatedly until the mud basin is completely wet. Jin Zhongbai has high requirements on the cleanliness of bacteria, so it is essential to be careful again.
Watering: strictly control water, cypress belongs to yin, pine belongs to yang. The so-called dry pine and wet cypress contain yin and yang, which does not mean that pine trees are dry and cypress trees are wet. Generally speaking, the new species of golden cypress is particularly afraid of waterlogging. Waterlogging led to the death of rotten roots. Controlling water means watering less and spraying more. There is no water on the basin surface, so it is good to see dry and wet every day.
Pest control, golden cypress bonsai generally will not die because of local shedding, but it should be disinfected in time. Their natural enemies are longicorn beetles and beetles. Therefore, it is necessary to clean up frequently, remove the messy wood and spray the medicine frequently.
There is also a kind of bonsai, which is miscellaneous wood, represented by elm and pineapple wood. The maintenance method is not as exquisite as other categories, but it is basically universal.
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This picture is my family's bonsai, which took 8 years to make.
Bonsai has a long history, which can be traced back to the fossils of the new era and has a pattern similar to potted plants. Epang Palace in the Qin Dynasty, Shanglin Garden in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, landscape painting in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, ink painting in the Tang Dynasty, and landscape painting and bonsai in the Song Dynasty were in their heyday, and the decline of the national fortune in the Qing Dynasty naturally failed to reach many peaks.
In addition, Japanese bonsai is very famous, and its origin is also China bonsai. People are good at learning from each other's strengths, so they have developed miniature bonsai.
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