New rural construction is an important part of national construction and a highlight project that fully demonstrates the rural appearance and economic development. With the prosperity of the rural economy, more and more self-built houses are being built. In order to improve land use efficiency and save land resources, unified planning and design are the focus of the current rural self-built house construction. Today we will learn about the new rural self-built houses. Discussion on key points of architectural design.
1 Principles of planning and design for self-built houses in new rural areas
1.1 Based on the principle of economy
In the design of new rural community housing, it is necessary to consider the local rural areas Based on the specific conditions of the city and the production and life of farmers as the principle, we cannot copy villas or bungalows in the city and blindly pursue comfort without considering the economic conditions of the countryside. In the design of residential units, we must also consider the particularity of rural residences and arrange some production and storage spaces. Due to the small scale of rural production and the characteristics of homework, a certain area of ??production housing needs to be considered in new rural housing. In vertically divided houses, the production rooms can be set up in conjunction with the yard and can be independently exposed to the outside, which is conducive to production and transportation. In horizontally divided housing, production buildings can be set up independently or concentrated at public transportation locations. This enables farmers to still carry out production activities after moving into horizontally divided housing. This not only achieves the purpose of saving land, but also facilitates farmers' production and life.
1.2 Reasonably determine the land area for self-built houses by rural residents
For those farmers engaged in the primary industry and those farmers engaged in cottage industry have a high demand for residences and courtyards, it is recommended to use In the vertical split-house model, one house has courtyards facing south or north on both sides. The floor space of each household should be considered uniformly, and the land use should be minimized on the premise of meeting the functional requirements. For farmers with horizontal household division, this method of household division itself has achieved the purpose of economical use of soil. Save more land than vertical splitting. On the premise of meeting the needs, divide the use level into households as much as possible to save land resources.
2 Defects in the planning and design of self-built houses in new rural areas
2.1 There is no unified planning and design idea
(1) The long-term restriction of Feng Shui thinking. Since many places in rural areas attach great importance to the concept of residential Feng Shui, self-built houses are built in their own way. Although it seems that the appearance of the countryside has changed a lot, there is no unified planning and design. Therefore, self-built houses are inconsistent with the old habits of the poor. The houses are mixed together, which loses the significance of new rural construction, and planning and design cannot be carried out. And this traditional thinking has dealt a heavy blow to the development of rural tourism. (2) There is no uniform style in house design. Many houses in rural areas are designed and built according to the thoughts and wishes of the household heads. As a result, the styles of rural houses are all kinds of strange, including flat roofs, bricks and tiles, color steel, flat roofs and color steel mixed, etc., although they are designed according to their own needs. Construction, but it is not conducive to the planning and design of house styles. On the one hand, this mixed house construction is not conducive to the drainage function and lighting design of self-built houses. On the other hand, it also brings conflicts to the neighbors on the left and right. (3) Rural sewer construction is seriously insufficient. Because we are used to pouring sewage everywhere in front of, behind, or in the courtyard, we have new houses but do not have a good living environment. Garbage pollution in new rural areas. Domestic sewage pollution is becoming increasingly serious and endangering all aspects of the development of new rural areas. Feces on the roads can be seen everywhere, damaging new rural areas. The image of rural construction. What is more serious about this lifestyle is that it pollutes groundwater sources and damages the living environment and affects the health of farmers. Many new rural constructions only focus on the planning and design of houses and roads, and fail to pay enough attention to the planning of water supply and drainage pipelines.
3 Key points in the planning and design of self-built houses in new rural areas
3.1 Do a good job in the planning and design of self-built houses
To achieve unified planning, we must first have Construction drawings and rural house construction planning drawings include the following aspects: ① Water supply and drainage system. Before construction, the water supply and drainage excavation route, pipe size, entrance pipe, well house, etc. must be clearly defined. It can also be regarded as an underground project. The improvement of the water supply and drainage system is conducive to new rural toilets, domestic water, sewage treatment, etc., and is an indispensable condition for the construction of a new countryside. The cleanliness of toilets and the degree of sewage treatment are important signs of the progress of new rural civilization.
② House foundation and structural design, including the area, earthquake resistance, lighting level, etc. of self-built houses. Generally, the new rural house structure adopts the two-story building standard, because the two-story building is conducive to saving land area, solar lighting design and installation of solar collectors. The hot plate realizes the transition of rural heating to clean energy, greatly improves the cleanliness of self-built houses in new rural areas, and allows farmers to realize their desire to take a bath every day, which is another important manifestation of the progress of new rural areas. ③ Road construction and self-built houses cannot just be about house construction. If you only build houses, then new rural planning and design will not be necessary. Therefore, road design and planning is an important part of self-built houses in new rural areas, and the planning and design thickness of roads and Width seriously affects the development of rural economy and the occurrence of conflicts between neighbors. Therefore, road planning and design must be carried out in a unified manner. Where conditions permit, the design of solar street lights can also be added to road planning and design to further improve the construction of new rural areas.
3.2 Strictly control the materials of self-built houses
The use of a large amount of reinforced concrete in modern house construction has greatly improved the quality of house construction and can effectively cope with damage caused by earthquakes. Therefore, now The materials far exceed traditional stone, soil and other materials. However, during construction, we must also strictly control steel and cement, especially the quality of cement. Another disadvantage of concrete is that it is prone to cracks and weathering, which leads to a decline in the quality of house construction, so the quality of cement must be strictly controlled. Secondly, control the cleanliness of sand and gravel to make the concrete mixing quality more efficient.
3.3 Do a good job in house structural design
The design of two-story buildings generally adopts a frame structure. The frame structure has good stability, and the construction speed is fast and the quality is high. As long as the steel bars are done well, The frame is enough, and then concrete is poured to form beams and wall columns of the house, and bricks are embedded in the concrete frame to form complete walls and roofs. If it is a one-story construction, you only need to build beams and wall columns, or build it with a brick-concrete structure. Secondly, when designing the house structure, we must distinguish between toilets, kitchens, bedrooms, and bathrooms. Because toilets, bathrooms, and kitchens are related to the burial of underground water supply and drainage pipes, we must not only ensure the normal operation of the water supply and drainage system, but also ensure that The safety of toilets, kitchens, and showers is important to prevent water outages or sewer blockages from affecting farmers’ production and life.
3.4 It is particularly important to do a good job in building energy conservation
The construction of new rural areas requires us to continuously improve and improve. We need to proceed from the long-term perspective of sustainable development. The process of building use should be minimized. Energy consumption Therefore, the energy-saving design of agricultural buildings has become one of the issues of great concern. Carry out reasonable planning and design for self-built houses in rural areas, enhance the thermal insulation performance of the building envelope, reduce the window area, improve the air tightness of doors and windows, and use environmentally friendly and energy-saving building materials and equipment. In addition, the use of water-saving sanitary ware, energy-saving lamps, and energy-saving appliances are all effective energy-saving measures. Rural areas need construction, progress, improvement, and improvement. Energy conservation in rural buildings is a good start.
4 Conclusion
New rural housing planning and construction and architectural design are a systematic project, involving all aspects, but with policy preference and financial support, the quality of new rural construction is mainly determined by Determined by high level planning and architectural design. Therefore, it is effective to pay attention to the planning and architectural design research of new rural construction, ecological environment construction, building energy conservation, strengthen management, improve rural green competitiveness, and create beautiful countryside.
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