In ancient times, when the Neolithic Age alternated, the dynasty was helpless in the face of natural disasters. It either chooses to wander in dependence and fear, or has no choice but to escape. The Shang Dynasty is a typical example. In Shang Dynasty, from Tang Dynasty to Pan Geng, it experienced nine generations. Its capital was Shangqiu, Henan, and later it moved to Hunan (Anyang, Henan, Neihuang), Xing (scaffold), Yan (unknown today), Liandi (Hejin, Shanxi) and even Xiaotun Village, Anyang.
"Can't stand ups and downs" is a traditional proverb in China's pursuit of a stable life, which is also applicable to a country. What is the reason why Shang Dynasty moved its capital frequently? Because the Shang Dynasty was a transitional period from the Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age, the ancestors at that time had little ability to transform nature. Under such harsh living conditions, their choice can only be that natural conditions change and the country changes again and again.
After continuous exploration and efforts, Yin Di was finally chosen as the capital of Pan Geng period, which laid the foundation for the Yin merchants in the next century. Yin, according to the topographic map, is located at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, with its back to the mountains, facing the great plains, far away from rivers and the Yellow River in the north, with convenient life. It was an ideal place then. Scholars in ancient and modern times have different views on why the capital was often moved in the early Shang Dynasty. There are mainly the following four viewpoints: flood, nomadic and nomadic agriculture, extravagance and thrift and the struggle for the throne. The theory of "flood" tries to find the reasons for the frequent migration of commercial capital from the perspective of natural disasters. But it can't quote a perfect material to prove that the flood forced businessmen to transfer capital. On the contrary, from the Tang Dynasty to Zhong Ding, there were six generations and eleven kings, with at least 150 troops. Is it a disaster to take such a long river suit? In addition, from Wuding to Zhou Dynasty, there are many records that the Huaihe River flood hurt the capital of Yin, but the Yin people did not move the capital.
Why can't the floods after Pan Geng force people to move their capital, while the floods before Pan Geng can force people to move their capital? In addition, several capitals in the Southern Dynasties were located on both sides of the Yellow River, especially Zhong Ding moved from Bohai to Kan, and Pan Geng moved from Yan to Yin, and more and more moved to the river. This phenomenon cannot be explained by the "flood" theory.