1. Emperor Kangxi, Jingling
During the shocking Tangling robbery in July 1928, the ground buildings in Jingling were incomplete, and some wooden parts There are many thefts.
According to the memories of Zai Ze and other members of the clan who were later responsible for the burial, the clouds around the small stele pavilion in Jingling were lost, 3 pieces of the ceiling were lost, the doors and windows of the divine kitchen were lost, and some purlins were missing. The door and window sills and frames are all missing, the wooden frames of the east and west rooms are all missing, the walls have collapsed, the plaque on Long'en Gate is missing, all the nails on the door leaf are missing, all the railings on the ceiling are missing, the stone railings of Long'en Hall are damaged, and the partitions, sills and window lattice , all the ceilings are lost, all the shrines are lost, 4 partitions of the Buddhist building are lost, all the glazed door sills are lost, only 1 copper cylinder remains, all the doors, windows, partitions and ceiling of the Baocheng Minglou are missing, and all the pillars are incomplete.
Despite this, because the folk customs at that time were relatively simple, major cases of exhuming coffins and raising corpses like those of Cixi and Qianlong had not occurred in the Jingling Underground Palace. However, by 1945, when Japan surrendered and the Kuomintang was on the eve of war, the situation was turbulent, and the bandits in the Tanglin area that had been dormant for many years began to become active again. In this way, the Jingling Underground Palace was completely destroyed.
In August 1945, a local bandit brought many people to Jinling. They demolished a lot of bricks in the mausoleum but failed to enter. So they sent many people to stand guard to let the smart and capable people enter. After digging all night, we were able to enter the underground palace. Since it was the rainy season, there was a lot of water in the underground palace. When the thieves came to the gold certificate, they saw many coffins. When the thieves eagerly chopped open the coffin with an ax, fire suddenly broke out inside the coffin, burning two people on the spot and scaring the gangsters away. After a while, after seeing that nothing happened, the bandits entered the underground palace again.
There were many treasures stolen from Jingling, the most famous of which was the "Nine Dragon Jade Cup" which was the sacrifice of Emperor Kangxi. The Kowloon jade cup is made of jade, rectangular, 3 cm high, 4 cm wide, 6 cm long, with a lid. There are two dragons playing with beads on each of the four corners of the jade cup, totaling 8 dragons, and the handle is 1 dragon, totaling 9 dragons. As long as this precious wine glass is filled to the top, you can see nine overturned dragons in the glass, as if they are chasing and playing in the churning sea. Legend has it that during the Kangxi period, Yang Xiangwu stole the Kowloon Jade Cup three times but failed. After Emperor Kangxi died, he took this precious wine glass into his coffin.
This treasure later fell into the hands of a local tomb robber surnamed Tian. Before robbing the tomb, this person made an agreement with his accomplices that as long as this treasure was found, after many efforts, the tomb robber handed over the Kowloon Jade Cup. However, as time goes by, the whereabouts of the Kowloon Jade Cup are no longer known.
After Jingling was stolen this time, because the entrance to the underground palace was not sealed and there was no one to manage it, it was "swept out" many times in the future, and the precious cultural relics were gone. In order to crack down on tomb thieves and deter crime, the government attached great importance to this tomb theft incident and dispatched specialized cadres to handle the case. Those who committed tomb robbery were arrested one after another. Among them, six felons were paraded through the city and taken to the Jingling Dashi Building for execution. Although these criminals were punished, those precious cultural relics were scattered everywhere...
2. Emperor Qianlong, Yuling Mausoleum
Sun Dianying was stealing the Cixi Mausoleum At the same time, another group of soldiers were also excavating Emperor Qianlong's Yuling Mausoleum. The weird thing starts from here... Who is blocking the door!
After the tomb robbers successfully opened several doors in front of Qianlong Yuling Mausoleum, the last door could not be opened no matter how hard they opened, and hitting the door with a thick tree trunk did not help. In desperation, the soldiers had no choice but to blow it up. After the stone door exploded, the soldiers were surprised to find a huge miracle. There were 6 people buried in Yuling including Qianlong, Empress Xiaoxian Chun, and Emperor Zhemin. The other five coffins were all on the stone bed, but Qianlong's "walking" "He came down and blocked the stone door so tightly that the soldiers could not open it.
What the soldiers couldn't understand was that after Qianlong's heavy coffin was placed on the stone bed of the underground palace, in order to determine the feng shui line and calibrate the direction of the most prosperous dragon veins, four heavy dragon mountains were placed at the four corners of the coffin. stone. These four Longshan stones firmly fixed Qianlong's heavy coffin. Why did Qianlong's coffin "walk away" alone?
Some experts believe that this was caused by the buoyancy of the groundwater that leaked into the underground palace, causing the Qianlong coffin to float up. But...why don't the other five bodies move? After Yuling was stolen, Zhongli described the tragic situation he saw when he entered the Qianlong underground palace...
"I entered the underground palace with a lantern and saw several bones floating in the muddy water. Judging whether it is a man or a woman, its condition is a hundred times more miserable than that of the Queen Mother's Mausoleum in the West. "The uncorrupted female corpse!"
The descendants later collected the bones again and found that only 4 skulls were left among the 6 corpses in the tomb, and the corpses were all broken into pieces.
In a coffin that was pressed under the stone door, the collector found a skull. Because the bones were larger, they judged it to be the skull of Qianlong. After finding Qianlong's skull, only one person's skull was left undiscovered. Everyone searched the coffin but there was no trace. People speculated that the tomb robbers might have taken him out of the underground palace. Just when people were about to give up searching, something surprising happened
!
In the deep water in the northwest corner of the underground palace, a complete female corpse emerged from the deep water. Her face was astonishingly lifelike. According to inference, this female corpse should be Queen Xiaoyi. She was posthumously named Empress Xiaoyi and was the biological mother of Emperor Jiaqing. The Empress Xiaoyi died before Qianlong and lived in the same underground palace. Why is it that her bones are the only one that remains so intact? The elders were greatly confused.
The doubts in the hearts of the deceased have not yet been solved, and another problem bothers them, that is, how to distinguish the identities of those scattered bones? After several days of discussion, it was finally decided to bury them together in one coffin. This was the only special case since the Qing Dynasty that emperors, concubines and concubines were buried together in the same coffin. After reburying the remains of Cixi and Emperor Qianlong's concubines, people covered the incomplete coffin lid, closed the stone door, and then completely sealed the tunnel. It was not until the 1970s and 1980s that the two underground palaces were opened and cleaned up again.
But the same strange thing happened again in 1975! When archaeological experts were cleaning the Yuling Underground Palace of Qianlong, Qianlong's coffin "walked" down again this time. It was pressing against the stone door and acted like a tapstone, preventing people from entering the Yuling Underground Palace smoothly.
In 1984, the Qing Dynasty Tombs Cultural Relics Management Office organized the Qianlong and Cixi Tombs. The results of the coffin opening verified the records of the Qing Dynasty's remnants.
3. Emperor Xianfeng, Dingling
The robbery of Jingling Tomb was different from the last time. This time the robbery of the mausoleum was directed by Huang Jinzhong alone. According to the division of labor in advance, Wang Shaoyi and others directed the excavation of Huiling and Dingdong Tombs.
Because he did not understand the architectural structure of the ancient tombs and made mistakes in command, the progress was slow and he was anxious.
After several days of excavation, they finally opened the underground palace of Dingling. However, while they were digging, they heard someone shouting: "Oh my God, it's bad, there is poisonous gas in the underground palace!" With a scream, the people who had just opened the entrance to the underground palace retreated like a tide. After the bad smell gradually dissipated, people gradually became quiet. At this time, Huang Jinzhong ordered his subordinates to enter the underground palace and blow up the stone door at all costs! At this moment, a small leader who participated in the theft of Dingling came to report very bad news to Huang Huangzhong: there was water in the underground palace of Dingling!
Hearing this, Huang Jinzhong was very surprised and annoyed. He thought that after blowing open the stone door and splitting the coffin, he could easily get the treasure, but unexpectedly he found a torrent of water in the underground palace.
However, as the saying goes, demons have magic and thieves have tricks, the water in the underground palace did not stop the thieves. In order to successfully obtain the treasures in the underground palace, the thieves turned around and went to the top of the incense table in Long En Palace. They took off a large plaque, added two red sandalwood door panels, and tied them together to make a bamboo cut. An hour later, this group of desperadoes took a "boat" and rowed in front of the coffins of Xianfeng and Sakda. , jumped on the coffin, wielded a sharp ax, split the coffin, threw the corpse, and looted all the burial items.
4. Emperor Tongzhi, Huiling
The bandit Wang Shaoyi led the bandits to open the underground palace door of the Huiling of Emperor Tongzhi and pulled the body out of the split coffin. The Emperor Tongzhi, who had been down on his luck all his life, had only a handful of withered bones left. The bandits snatched away all the gold, silver and jewelry and fled.
After arduous efforts, the Communist Party captured more than 300 bandits, including 6 heinous bandit leaders, who were taken to the Jingling Monument and shot in front of the public. Unfortunately, Wang Shaoyi, the biggest bandit leader who stole the tomb this time, escaped and was not captured and shot by the local public security department until five years later.
According to the "World Daily" on April 22, the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946), "The Three Tombs of the Qing Dynasty were stolen in December of the 34th year of the Republic of China. 1. Tongzhi Huiling, coffin Two of them were treated together, and one of them accompanied the concubine. The corpses looked as if they were alive. On the table in front of the gold coffin were Tongzhi's emerald seal and a gold watch. Jewelry, jade, metal and other items inside and outside the coffin were put in sacks and weighed with an incense burner. , about twenty kilograms of gold."
According to the "North China Daily" on May 29, the thirty-fifth year of the Republic of China: "The Huiling robber's confession is abbreviated: November of the thirty-fourth year. During the period, under the command of the commander, civilians were recruited to excavate Huiling and used explosives to blow open the stone gate. There were four shelves on the first floor, one with the emperor's green seal and one with the queen's green seal, and the other with books and printing. Boards and the like. There is nothing on the second and third floors.
There are two coffins on the fourth floor. Use axes and hammers to split the coffins. From the royal coffin, take out an ink cartridge weighing half a kilogram, a Bagua weighing four taels, and a gold watch with white beads on the four sides that can travel for half a year, a gift from the United States. There are two strings of white beads each, two strings of twenty-four white beads, a green finger, a gold brazier, and a green pipe. Take out a phoenix crown from the back coffin, a pair of white jade bracelets, a pair of gold bracelets, a string of jadeite, pearls, agate and wooden beads, a gold nine-link chain weighing three taels, a phoenix hairpin, an agate finger, gold inlaid with white There is one bead ring, one green card, one long green hairpin, and other scattered items cannot be counted. ”
After Huiling was stolen, because the Dongling Tomb was unmanaged at the time, the stolen entrance was not blocked until 1952 when the Dongling Cultural Relics Depository was established in the Qing Dynasty. Since the entrance of the cave had not been blocked for a long time, the local people Many people went to the underground palace to see it. Local rumors said that the empress in the Huiling underground palace said that Queen Arut's body was not rotten at all, and her face was completely naked, her stomach was cut open, and her intestines were cut open. There was a rumor in the society that the empress died by swallowing gold. In order to get the gold, they removed her intestines from beginning to end.
He was the director of the Ji County Public Security Bureau, investigated and dealt with it. Yun Guang, who experienced the "1945 Incident", wrote a special article describing the situation after several Qing Tombs were stolen that year. Here is an excerpt of what he saw in Huiling:
"····· ·At that time, both Jingling and Huiling had been stolen. I went to Jingling first and found water and random rocks at the entrance of the cave, so I did not go down. Then I went to the Huiling underground palace. They held torches and entered the underground palace together with Tang Jianzhong and Li Li. He Min, Zhao Wei (both police officers) and others found that the corridors of the underground palace were empty, and there was nothing in front of several stone doors. When they entered the innermost part, they saw two coffins. Emperor Tongzhi is on the right, with only a handful of bones and no clothes left. The queen is on the left. The queen's body is not rotten, with long hair, and her clothes have been stripped off. She is lying in the coffin. There are some yellow silk in front of the coffin. Weaving fragments. When we came out, we asked local militiamen and cadres to block the entrance to the cave. Two or three days later, militiamen and cadres came to report that the empress (Empress Alushi) was pulled out of the coffin, her abdomen was cut open, and the gold was taken out of her intestines. Legend has it that the empress swallowed gold during her lifetime. Dead. ”
5. Emperor Guangxu, Chongling
Chongling is the tomb of Guangxu, the ninth emperor of the Qing Dynasty. It is the last imperial tomb in our country and the only open one among the four imperial tombs in Xiling. An underground palace that is open to the public.
In the autumn of 1938, a group of unidentified soldiers robbed the Chongling underground palace. Legend has it that the Chongling underground palace was stolen by people who participated in the construction project. It was said that it was a group of local gangsters who robbed the Chongling Underground Palace. We interviewed a local elderly man who knew the inside story. He said that in the autumn of 1938, the Japanese army occupied Xiling. The imperial mausoleum no longer has the majestic Eight Banners mausoleum guards in the past. A security brigade composed of royal descendants and Japanese has been established. In name, it protects the mausoleum. In fact, it works for the Japanese and specifically opposes the Communist Party of China. At that time, there was a young man near Xiling who was determined to resist Japan and save the country, but he did not know the Communist Party and was unwilling to defect to the Communist Party or the Kuomintang. He found some relatives and friends in neighboring villages to prepare What should they do if they set up a team to fight against Japan but don't have any guns? A few people decided to rob Zhen Fei's tomb. On the second night when they went to Zhen Fei's tomb, they saw about a battalion of soldiers rushing towards Chongling. , the next morning I saw traces of tomb robbers on the road out of Chongling - trivial things such as tapestry cloth. Chongling was stolen, and who the team was is still unsolved. Mystery.
According to the excavation data, the tomb robbers pried open the bricks and stones from the inner wall of Fangcheng Crescent City, dug out the putty-cast city bricks, and dug a deep hole 99 centimeters high. , 146 centimeters wide, and the hole is 23 centimeters below the bottom wall of the tomb passage. It passes through the bottom layer of the door sealing wall. After digging upwards, one enters the tunnel of the underground palace. Then, the top stone of each stone door is opened with fir wood pieces, and one enters. Gold coupons.
During the excavation in 1980, it was discovered that there were traces of the tomb robbers using tools to pry open the door. The four stone doors were all opened on the front of the coffin of Emperor Guangxu in the tomb. A large round hole was dug out with a hammer and axe, and Emperor Guangxu's feet were dragged outside the coffin. The body was rotten, and the bones were still connected together. The clothes he was wearing were rotten, and two sections of braid were left. There were no shoes on his feet and no shoes on his head. The crown, the decorations he wore and all the funerary objects in the coffin were all stolen, leaving only an jade ring and two jade stones in his left hand.
Queen Longyu's coffin was severely damaged. Longyu's body and clothing were all rotted, with only some bones exposed. Almost all the decorations and funerary objects were stolen. When cleaning the underground palace, it was found that there was a small purse under Longyu's right rib, containing more than 200 pieces of various pearls, and a piece of jade in his hand.
The Guangxu coffin is surrounded by thirteen layers of five-color gold-woven Sanskrit dharani satin and various colored gold-woven dragon-colored satin. Some of the Sanskrit characters on the tent are relatively complete. After expert appraisal, the written text It is a Tibetan mantra. Longyu's coffin is surrounded by three layers of tents, with purple and gold woven Sanskrit inscriptions. The two coffins are both made of precious nanmu. The outer coffin and the inner coffin are placed in the coffin. Sanskrit sutras and mantras are written on the four walls of the coffin.
The coffin and coffin of Emperor Guangxu were opened by tomb robbers with hammers and axes. The head of the deceased was facing north. The hole was on the coffin baffle at the feet of the deceased. The hole in the coffin was 1.10 meters long from east to west. Height 85 cm.
6. Finally, Cixi’s tomb was stolen.
All the Dong Tombs were stolen. Among the Xiling Tombs, Taichang Mu San Tomb was well preserved, and the others were also stolen. In the early Qing Dynasty, the Sanling Tombs officially said that they were not stolen. If the Three Tombs had not been visited in the early Qing Dynasty, they would have been the largest and most complete group of tombs left by the Qing Dynasty