Fifteen emperors are really emperors. Except for Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, who was buried in Xiaoling Mausoleum in Nanjing, the tombs of the other fourteen emperors were buried in Beijing. Among them, except Zhu Qiyu, Emperor Jingtai, who was buried in Xiangshan due to the failure of palace fighting, the other thirteen emperors were buried in the Ming Tombs.
The other two were emperors who chased India. Zhu Yuanzhang, the eldest son of Zhu Yuanzhang, indicated that Emperor Xingzong Xiaokang was buried in the Ming Tombs next to the Ming Tombs in Nanjing, and the other emperor was Emperor Zhu Shiyuan, Jiajing's biological father, who was buried in the Ming Tombs in Zhongxiang, Hubei.
I focus on the real emperor, the fourteen tombs in Beijing, especially how to walk through the thirteen tombs in Changping.
In my understanding, the Ming Tombs are divided into two areas.
One is the four tombs area of Chongzhen.
The other is the other twelve tombs.
Compared with the map of the Ming Tombs downloaded from the Internet, I made a road map for myself as follows: first, take a bus to Changling, take Changling as the center, walk through the Twelve Tombs, and then go to the farthest Four Tombs, which is about 38 kilometers around the Ming Tombs. Use Baidu map to estimate the distance and time, and then consider the problem of your own feet. Basically, I can get to Xiling before dark.
The key point is that in the Ming Tombs Scenic Area, if you don't want to go, you can take the bus at any time, and you don't worry that you can't finish this road.
I like walking. After walking, I can feel the distribution and geomantic omen of the Ming Tombs more intuitively, which is also the reason why I chose to walk the whole journey in the big sun.
As for the equipment, I didn't specially prepare any equipment, but I didn't prepare enough. However, when I walked down, I found that I didn't need any equipment, because the Ming Tombs were very mature places for hiking and cycling, and I didn't have to worry about road conditions, safety and materials at all. There are twelve villages in the Ming Tombs, and each village is named after the mausoleum. For example, the village where Changling is located is called Changling Village. Except Dingling village, which was burned down, all the other villages still exist, and they exist very well. It is absolutely no problem to buy some water and dry food.
I went to Changling by bus, and my hiking trip to the Ming Tombs started from Changling. Of course, if you are strong, you can also walk from Changping.
Changling is the tomb of Judy, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty. Now the grace hall and the Ming building are open.
Speaking of Yongle emperor, key words: Jingnan, moving the capital, Yongle ceremony.
Changling is the largest mausoleum in the Ming Tombs with the earliest construction time, and it is also the best-preserved ground building, including the main hall, the Ming building and the Baoding.
The most important thing to see the royal mausoleum is the geomantic omen and laws. In my feng shui blindness, the feng shui of Changling is the best. I don't know the rules either, but obviously, there are obvious differences between the imperial tombs of the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. For example, in the Qing Dynasty, it was called Long 'en Hall (a hall dedicated to the Empress), which had a double-eaves roof, and Long 'en Hall had a double-eaves roof. In contrast, the double-eaved roof in Ming dynasty was obviously more square, and there was one kind.
Starting from Changling, it takes about 40 minutes to walk to Dingling. You can also take a bus in Changling passenger transport area, which takes five minutes.
Dingling key words: fifteen years of Wanli, Zhang, underground palace, archaeological disaster.
Dingling is the mausoleum of Zhu Yijun in Ming Shenzong. Hearing this "God Sect" posthumous title shows that this is not a wise emperor. Dingling is the only imperial mausoleum that has been actively excavated, and it is also the most disastrous archaeology in the archaeological history of New China. Regarding the disaster situation in Dingling, I recommend the book "Snow Dingling" and Baidu, so I won't go into details here. In short, there are as many disasters as there are. Because of the excavation of Dingling Mausoleum, China had the concept of cultural relics protection that he did not actively explore the imperial tombs.
Of course, this may also be his retribution for ripping off a grave.
At present, there is little difference between the entrance to the underground palace and the entrance to the subway, and the exit is normal, but it is strange that the entrance to the underground palace and the emperor take the opposite road.
It is said that you have to pass the tunnel ticket first, then the front hall, then the east-west annex hall, and reach the back hall where the coffin of Empress Dowager Cixi was placed. But now the entrance is to go to the back hall first, and then the tunnel ticket. I can only think that Dingling Museum is considerate to tourists. Walking from the front is a dead end, and walking in the opposite direction is the only way. This makes us less eroded by Yin Qi, and suddenly we feel that our scientific literacy is so high.
However, Dingling has no grace hall, only one grace gate.
Dingling now assumes the functions of some museums. Two exhibition halls display some cultural relics unearthed from Dingling Underground Palace, some of which are specially collected in the National Museum.
There are three mausoleums in the Ming Tombs, and the other is the Ming Zhaoling Mausoleum, which is closest to Dingling and can be reached by walking for more than 20 minutes.
Zhaoling is the tomb of Muzong Zhu Zaiwan (also known as "Zaidong") in Ming Dynasty, with the year number of Qin Long.
Key words about the emperor: Gao Gong, Zhang, died of aphrodisiac.
Zhaoling was destroyed many times in history. It was restored in April 1987 by/kloc-0 and completed in June 1992 by/kloc-0. It is the first cemetery in the Ming Tombs to be restored and repaired on a large scale, so the Zhaoling Mausoleum we see now is brand-new and has a strong smell of paint.
However, due to Qin Long's little fame (in film and television dramas) and his short reign, few tourists went to Zhaoling, so I was the only one in the mausoleum when I went. Zhaoling is relatively small in scale, and the open areas are guanyin temple, Minglou and Baoding, so you can follow Baoding around.
After visiting Zhaoling Mausoleum, all three open mausoleums have been completed. In this case, I suggest giving priority to open scenic spots. From Zhaoling, we can begin to explore closed tombs. I choose to start from Tailing, which is far away. It takes about one and a half to two hours to walk from Zhaoling to Tailing, and it is uphill.
It is the mausoleum of the ninth emperor (Hongzhi period) and empress Zhang of the Ming Dynasty. Hongzhi emperor is a rare benevolent emperor among the magical emperors of the Ming Dynasty.
Ming Xiaozong Keywords: monogamy, Wan Guifei, Hongzhi Zhongxing
After coming down from Tailing, you come to a fork in the road, and it takes about 35 minutes to get to Kangling, which is the most deviated place in this area. Kangling is the tomb of Zhu Houzhao, a famous Zhengde emperor in Ming Dynasty.
Kangling Keywords: General Zhu Shou, Baozilou, Wang Yangming.
Kangling village is a village that looks rich among so many villages. At least in cultural construction, it is better than other villages. There is also a village history exhibition hall. There are also many restaurants in the village that make spring cake banquets. It is the most authentic place to eat spring cake banquet in Beijing. Kangling is also being repaired now, which is new and bright.
As long as you pass kangling, other tombs are not a problem.
Out of Kangling, you can see the beautiful mountain scenery of the Ming Tombs. At this time, you can have a deep sense of feng shui. The red walls and yellow tiles of the mausoleum are looming in the mountains, which is really "Feng Shui".
Between Kangling and Changling, next to the four mausoleums, the distance between these four mausoleums is almost negligible, and between each mausoleum, it is only fifteen minutes away at most, and they are all on the side of the road, so the power comes. "
The first mausoleum from Kangling to Changling is Maoling, which takes about 40 minutes. Maoling is the mausoleum of Ming Xianzong, Wang, Ji, Xiao and a concubine, Bai, the Emperor Chenghua. However, Wan Guifei, the favorite of Emperor Chenghua, was not buried here. After the death of the most pitiful Ji, his mother was buried in Chenghua Mausoleum.
Key words of Chenghua Emperor: Ji's birthing, Chenghua chicken jar cup.
Maoling continued to walk down for more than ten minutes, also on the side of the road, which is the Yuling of Zhu Qizhen, the worst emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
As soon as I heard it was Yingzong, I knew it was not a good thing.
The national luck of the Ming Dynasty was almost ruined by this emperor. He is very lucky. He met a brother who didn't love him, a queen mother who loved her and a good son. So no matter how unlucky a person is, as long as someone loves himself, he can start over.
Like previous tombs, Yuling is under construction.
Yingzong Keywords: the change of civil fort, the change of seizing the door, Yu Qian
Yu Qian was killed in Yingzong, and his grave should be opened, not Wanli's grave.
After leaving Yuling, you can reach Qingling in Zhu Changluo in less than 20 minutes.
Zhu Changluo is really a sinner. In the Ming Dynasty, I thought he was the most sinner.
Guangzong was afraid of life from birth.
Identity and life are in a state of extreme uncertainty.
For Wanli, this child is a mistake, a boring fruit when bored. In Wanli's heart, there is only the baby who loves Zheng.
Since then, the struggle for the founding of the country has begun.
Zhu Changluo Keywords: state-to-state dispute, Marubeni case, the shortest-lived emperor.
Without father's love, the mother princess has no status, and neither Zhu Changluo nor the mother princess has enjoyed it. His life is nothing like that of a royal eldest son, especially in the Ming Dynasty, when he grew up and never became a sage. Grandma and the little eunuch around her may be the rare warmth in his life.
The most amazing thing is that the "three major cases" of the Ming Dynasty were all related to this short-lived emperor.
However, up to now, the emperor's tomb is also quite miserable, and he did not maintain it. Although it is not maintained, it is the most beautiful mausoleum I have ever visited. Because it is worn out, it is real and has a sense of historical vicissitudes. I'm sure it will be repaired in the future. It's only a matter of time. I wonder how many people will attract the attention of this emperor who has only been in office for a month?
It is also a walk 15 minutes, and you can reach the famous fat man's tomb.
Renzong Keywords: Good Holy Sun
Jie Jin's "Good Holy Sun" established the status of Prince Injong.
Zhu Gaochi was also the first king to hold an enthronement ceremony at Tiananmen Gate.
Although Renzong was in office for less than a year, summarizing him with the word "benevolence" also proved that he was really kind to the world during his reign, which enabled the war-torn society to recuperate year after year and laid the foundation for the later Ming Dynasty.
The scale of faeries is also relatively small. According to the information, the construction of Xianling began after Renzong's death. On his deathbed, Injong wrote an imperial edict: "Since I am facing the sun, I don't appreciate the people and I can't bear to work hard. The Shanling system is frugal. " On-the-spot investigation, the "frugality" of the fairy recorded in the literature is true.
At this point, the west with Changling as the center (I guess) has been completed, and the remaining three, the largest area of the Ming Tombs can be completed.
Jingling is the mausoleum of Zhu Zhanji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty. Together with his father Renzong, he initiated the Ming Dynasty's rule over Ren Xuan.
Zhu Zhanji Keywords: promoting weaving, Xuande furnace
The building scale of Jingling also looks small, inheriting Renzong's frugal style. Because it hasn't been repaired, it looks very old, similar to that in Zhu Changluo.
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Jingling was built on a large scale. I wonder if Qianlong stole Nanmu from the Ming Tombs in order to repair his own tomb, or not.
In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Houzong, the Jiajing Emperor, was definitely famous. He reigned for a long time, second only to the forty-five years of Wanli among the Ming emperors.
Jiajing's last burial place is Yongling, near Jingling, about 30 minutes' walk. When I was a child, Jiajing and Jiaqing were silly and confused.
Jiajing Emperor Keywords: etiquette debate, Xiu Xian, Yan Song
The location of Yongling is not on the roadside. You should walk into a path with fruits on both sides, and then into a branch, a lonely place. The wall of Yongling is too high to see the environment clearly, but you can probably see Feng Shui. This place is very suitable for taking pictures, because there are no railings.
Up to now, there is only one mausoleum left in Changling area. It is said that the Deling of Emperor Zhu Youjian, who graduated from vocational and technical college, was the last mausoleum built in the Ming Dynasty.
The Apocalypse Emperor Keywords: Carpenter, Wei Zhongxian, Lindong Party.
With the demise of the Ming Dynasty, the construction of Deling is facing a shortage of various resources, whether it is manpower, material resources or financial resources. The repair of Deling in Qing Dynasty also reduced the original small scale. During the Republic of China, the mausoleum gate and temple of Deling were destroyed by war. After liberation, the natural wind and rain, lightning has not let go of this mausoleum. Feng shui, I didn't see it, maybe I was too tired, because time is running out at this time and I haven't reached the other side of the tomb yet.
It's really far from Deling to Siling, on the other side of the valley. Why is Xiling not close to the main mausoleum area? Because Siling was not built in the Ming Dynasty, after Li Zicheng entered Beijing, Chongzhen hanged himself, and Dashun regime buried Chongzhen in Tian Guifei's tomb under the pressure of all parties. Since then, the imperial concubine's tomb has been upgraded to a mausoleum, and Wang Chengen, a personal eunuch, was buried beside it, always guarding his loyal master.
Chongzhen keywords: hanging, national destruction, Princess Changping, Li Zicheng.
After the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, in order to buy people's hearts, Emperor Chongzhen was ordered to be reburied with ceremony, and the concubine grave buried by Emperor Chongzhen was named "Siling", and garden buildings on the ground were built. Although the mausoleum is small, Chongzhen finally has a formal mausoleum.
However, some Han intellectuals are not satisfied with this name, so they always call it "Cang Gong", a temporary place.
Four spirits are really far away. It takes about two hours to walk from Delingha. It takes more than 40 minutes by bus and half an hour by taxi. I gritted my teeth and chose to walk. I don't want to leave regrets at the end.
I finally got to Xiling before dark.
The village where Siling is located, the bus stop is called Lingjian Village. After Chongzhen was buried, it was also called Siling Village. The economy of this village also looks very good, with its own special snacks to bake cakes. It's amazing that each village has its own characteristics, but only good or bad (in the eyes of an outsider like me). At least this village gives me the impression that it is very rich, compared with other villages, of course.
In the center of this village is "Cang Gong", which is really small. Like a paradise in the world, the most amazing thing is that it is even equipped with a security door.
It took a whole day to visit the Ming Tombs. At this time, you can take the bus or the third subway at the entrance of the village to complete today's tour. Although very tired, but very refreshing, there is a quick clearance pleasure.
Why is it fast customs clearance?
Because we are short of the last one, Ming Daizong Zhu Qiyu's mausoleum has not been there yet. When we get there, we will finish the last mausoleum.
The location of Jingtai Mausoleum is completely different from that of the Ming Tombs, and it is very close to Yuanmingyuan. After punching in Jingtai Mausoleum, you can go to Yuanmingyuan to watch the sunset.
Jingtai Mausoleum is near Niangniang Mansion, in the office of an army veteran cadre. When our children in the border areas come to Beijing, it is inevitable that they will have a kind of cultural confidence. When they saw a place where soldiers stood guard, they were afraid, and they dared not go or ask. I used a face recognition system at the door and couldn't recognize my face. Wandering around the door for a while, I saw a girl go in and followed her. In the center of this building complex is Jingtai Mausoleum.
Jingtai emperor keywords: the change of civil fort, Yu Qian, Beijing defense, and the change of seizing the door.
After the death of Emperor Jingtai, all titles were taken away, and the original Queen's Mausoleum in Changping was also destroyed. Emperor Jingtai was buried hastily as a gift from the prince, and Emperor Chenghua was deeply impressed by his father's injustice to his uncle. He wrote to restore Jingtai Emperor and ordered the mausoleum to be decorated according to its specifications. But in fact, it is just a little decoration of the mausoleum. It has the name of the mausoleum, but it is still a mausoleum.
Jingtai Mausoleum has neither a treasure city nor a Ming building. In addition, the terrain is sideways, the adjustment is narrow, and the pulse is not good. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the regulation of Jingtai Mausoleum was between the emperor and the king, and it was never called Mausoleum. Although it is called a mausoleum, it is far from the standard of a mausoleum.
What's more, a small piece of land has been opened in front of the mausoleum to become the gateball court of the compound, next to which is Shinto (? ), continue to stun the ancient seven.
It took a day and a half to travel around the Ming Tombs in Beijing. Although only three are open, the others can only be seen outside. However, measuring with your feet is completely different from taking a bus. I still recommend walking if I have time. Siling can take a bus. It's really too far. Jingtailing can only take a bus, and it is not in Changping.
The feeling of walking is really different.
It is said that the Ming Tombs are not only tombs, but also military defense projects in Beijing. Walking in this small basin surrounded by mountains, you will understand the meaning of books. In these mausoleum areas, it seems that they are stepping into history and into the bustling and swaying Ming Dynasty.
Walking through the Ming Tombs is equivalent to a cursory look at the history of the Ming Dynasty. Thanks to the Ming Dynasty written by the bright moon that year, I can easily read these tombs and stare vaguely at the back of this distant dynasty without looking up information.