Where is the Qing Xiling? Address: Nandadi Village, Xiling Town, Yixian County, Baoding, Hebei Province
Which province and city does Qing Xiling belong to? Baoding City, Hebei Province
Qingxi Mausoleum Scenic Area Introduction Qingxi Mausoleum is located at the foot of Yongning Mountain in Yixian County, Hebei Province, 98 kilometers southwest of Beijing. It is the last imperial mausoleum group in Qing Dynasty. Qingxi Mausoleum was founded in 1730 and completed in 19 15. During the period of 185, four imperial tombs, three empresses' tombs, three imperial palaces, two royal palaces, 1 Princess Palace and 65438+ argos Palace were built successively. Yongzheng, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Guangxu buried 4 emperors, 9 empresses, 57 concubines, 2 princes, 2 princesses and 6 brothers, totally 80 people. It has formed a vast mausoleum area of 83 square kilometers with 14 mausoleums as the main part, supplemented by palaces, yongfu temple, barracks and yamen. It is the largest, most well-preserved and most complete type of ancient royal tombs in China. Qing Xiling 196 1 was listed as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China; 1979 the scenic spot is open to the outside world; In 2000, it was included in the world cultural heritage list; 200 1 was rated as the first batch of 4A-level tourist attractions in China.
The site selection, design and construction of Qing Xiling Mausoleum were all carried out under the guidance of China's ancient geomantic theory. The site is located at the foot of Yongning Mountain, in a wide valley beside the Yishui River. Here, Qian Shan arches the moon, worships with water, and the majestic ancient buildings are shaded by pines and cypresses, which are both majestic and elegant.
Xiqing Mausoleum is of great historical and artistic value. Tailing Mausoleum in Yong Zhengdi has the largest single zigzag stone archway in the world. There is the world's largest southern woodcarving Long Long En Hall in the mausoleum; The Long 'en Hall in Changling of Emperor Jiaqing, with mottled stones on the ground, has the reputation of being full of precious stones. Emperor Guangxu's chongling was built with precious bronze and iron wood, and it is known as "copper beam and iron column". The Chang Xi Mausoleum of Empress Xiaohe and Rui has the only echo wall and echo stone in ancient tombs in China. Yongfu temple and Palace in the Qing Xiling Mausoleum are the only isolated cases in the ancillary buildings of the Qing Xiling Mausoleum.
Qing Xiling has beautiful mountains and rivers, beautiful natural scenery and strong affinity with the natural environment. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, North Yishui and its 17 tributaries run through the mausoleum. Such a rich water source is rare in North China. Gu Song 15000 and 200,000 young pines are distributed in the mausoleum area, which is the largest artificial ancient pine forest in China. Known as the natural oxygen bar for deep breathing, it has high leisure, holiday and health preservation values.
Introduction of scenic spots
Tailing is Yong Zhengdi's mausoleum, which was built from 1730 to 1736. It is the first mausoleum in the west of Qing Dynasty, which contains Yong Zhengdi, the constitutional queen and the imperial concubine.
Yong Zhengdi, named Yin _, was in office for 13 years (1723-1735).
Located in the middle of Kanggan heyday. Yongzheng is a reform-oriented emperor. During his reign, he was diligent and pragmatic, rectified the wind and eliminated discipline, got rid of accumulated disadvantages and tried to open up new ideas. He was a powerful promoter of the prosperous times of Kanggan, a politician who promoted the development of history of qing dynasty, and an ancient emperor with outstanding achievements in the history of China. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, he chose Zunhua, Hebei Province as the site of the Qing Dongling, but it was later abandoned due to geomantic omen, soil and other reasons, and the other site is located in Yixian County, Hebei Province. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), the Tailing Mausoleum was built, thus opening up the Qingxi tomb area.
Tailing Mausoleum is the first mausoleum in the west of Qing Dynasty, with the earliest building age, the largest scale and the most complete geomantic pattern. Tailing building takes a 2500-meter-long Shinto as the central axis, and there are 74 single buildings, including Stone Memorial archway, Dahongmen, Shengde Shen Gong Monument Pavilion and Stone Statue Shengping. , arranged in an orderly way from south to north. Although it has gone through more than three centuries, it has been well preserved so far. No matter the site selection or planning layout, it is a portrayal of the prosperity and stability of the country during the Yongzheng period, and it is the product of the last modernization of the feudal dynasty in China.
Changxiling
Chang Xiling, one of the three tombs of Qing Xiling, buried the filial piety and loyalty of Jiaqing Emperor.
Chang Xiling was founded in the first year of Xianfeng (A.D. 185 1) and completed in the second year of Xianfeng (A.D. 1852), with a history of 154 years. This mausoleum was built on the west side of the Changling Mausoleum of Emperor Jiaqing, so it is called Changxi Mausoleum. Jiaqing had two queens in his life. The second queen, Xiao Herui, was buried in Chang Xiling.
As the queen's mausoleum, the construction of Changxi Mausoleum lasted only two years, costing 442,000 yuan and covering an area of 25.5 mu. The building of Changxi Mausoleum is extremely simple, neither grand nor luxurious. It is the simplest tomb buried with Mudong Mausoleum after the Qing Dynasty. However, Chang Xiling is thrifty but not simple, and the reduction of building regulations can't hide its unique charm.
The first is the rich tomb painting. In the Qing Dynasty, most of the painted algae wells in Long 'en Hall were three water lilies lined with eighteen golden water waves, while those in Long 'en Hall in xi 'an Mausoleum in Chang 'an were different, with golden phoenix patterns. Against the blue sky, a golden phoenix lifted her neck and spread her wings. Painted with bright colors, fine workmanship, both form and spirit, lifelike. The whole of golden phoenix is covered with gold foil. Under the refraction of sunlight, it is brilliant and magnificent, and it is a rare boutique in color painting in Qing Dynasty. Secondly, there is a Jade Belt River between the back of Long 'en Temple and Sanmen. There are three bridges on the river, with a railing in the middle and two flat bridges without railings on the left and right. This is unique to Xiling, the paddock of the Seven Empresses in the Qing Dynasty. Third, there are magical echo walls and echo stones. The Echo Wall of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, Pujiu Temple Pagoda in Zhou Pu, Shaanxi, Toad Pagoda in Henan, and the Great Buddha Temple in Tongnan, Sichuan are the four famous echo wall buildings in China. Although the echo wall and echo stone of Chang Xiling are unknown, not only the echo effect is comparable to that of the Temple of Heaven, but also it is quite well preserved.
Although the building of Changxi Mausoleum is relatively simple, its frugal and simple style and unique architectural features will inevitably make it small, humble and plain, and win its due share in the history of ancient architecture in China. It not only embodies the profoundness of China's ancient culture, but also provides a rare example for studying ancient echo architecture.
Muling
Muling is the tomb of Daoguang. Ning, the eighth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was the son of Emperor Jiaqing. He succeeded to the throne at the age of 39, and he was the only one in the succession of the Qing emperors. He reigned for 30 years.
At the age of 69.
The nanmu carving in Muling Temple has broken through other oil painting methods in the mausoleum, painting with wax on logs and decorating with thousands of nanmu dragons, which is magnificent.
Chongling
Chongling is the mausoleum of Emperor Guangxu, which was built from 1909 to 19 15. It is the last imperial tomb in China, where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Filial Piety Ding Jing (Jade Dragon) were buried.
Emperor Guangxu, named _, reigned for 34 years (1875-1908). During his reign, he carried out the "Reform Movement of 1898", which was abolished by Empress Dowager Cixi only 103, and then he was placed under house arrest in Yingtai. 1908165438+10, 38-year-old Guangxu died one day earlier than Empress Dowager Cixi. Because of the fierce contradiction between them, the cause of death in Guangxu became confusing. Since 2003, relevant professional organizations have investigated and studied Guangxu's hair and clothes. In 2008, it was announced that Guangxu died of arsenic poisoning.
Guangxu didn't build a mausoleum before his death, but Xuan Tong built a chongling for him in Xiling after he ascended the throne. 19 12, emperor Xuan Tong abdicated and the chongling project was continued at the expense of the government of the Republic of China. Chongling is a cross-dynasty mausoleum project, which is the product of the changes of the times.
Chongling is not as large as Tailing in terms of building scale, but it absorbs the essence of modern building technology and has distinctive features: the main engineering wood is precious nanmu, which is as hard as copper and iron, and is known as "copper beam and iron column"; The drainage and ventilation facilities are extremely perfect; Planting precious silver pine and arhat pine. 1938 chongling underground palace was stolen, 1980 officially opened to the public.
yongfu temple
Yongfu temple, the only imperial temple in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Yongfu temple was founded in the spring of the fifty-second year of Qianlong 1787 and built in the winter of the fifty-third year.
In order to improve the mausoleum system, Emperor Qianlong built the Lama Temple here, which coincided with the tenth anniversary of his mother's death. As a specialized organization engaged in the activities of offering sacrifices to tombs, the construction of Lamaism temples in tombs has become an ideological weapon for feudal emperors to consolidate their rule and a magic weapon for "respecting heaven and ancestors". It is an important political policy of the Qing government to respect Lamaism as the state religion. It was loyal to the Qing Dynasty. Its purpose is to use Lamaism to rule the Mongolian and Tibetan nationalities and maintain the unity and consolidation of a multi-ethnic country.
The whole temple is divided into east, west and middle roads, and there is a building in the middle, yellow glazed tile, which is used to worship Buddha statues.
There was a gray cloth tile roof on the west road, which was the monk's room of the lamas at that time. In the Qing Dynasty, there were 20 Manchu lamas living here, and there were more than 30 monks and guards who were presided over by Manchu lamas and recited Manchu scriptures.
There is a mountain gate in front, a Maitreya statue in the middle and four heavenly kings on both sides.
There are three buddhas in the Hall of Ursa Major, the present Sakyamuni Buddha, the past burning Buddha and the future Maitreya Buddha. The eighteen arhats enshrined on both sides are all disciples of Sakyamuni, who live in the world and are supported by the world.
There are two halls behind the Hall of Ursa Major. The East Hall is dedicated to Guan Gong, and the West Hall is dedicated to Guanyin Bodhisattva. Right in the middle is the Puguang Hall, which contains three Buddhas, also known as the Constant Three Buddhas, namely, the Medicine Master Buddha, the Immortal Buddha and the Infinite Life Buddha.
Behind Puguang Temple is a turret, which is Baoyun Pavilion, commonly known as the Sutra Pavilion, and is the temple library.
While enjoying the scenery and visiting the mausoleum, tourists can go here to worship Buddha and appreciate the connotation of traditional Buddhist culture.
The Qing Xiling Mausoleum is favored by experts and scholars for its extraordinary temperament and unique charm, and is deeply loved by tourists. Summarized the unique features of Qing Xiling, so as to * * *. The total number of archways in Qingling is the largest, which is 12. The flame archway of the Qing Xiling Mausoleum is the only one among the royal tombs in the Qing Dynasty. Qing Xiling Palace is the only remaining royal ancestral palace in Qing Dynasty. Chongfei Garden is the last mausoleum building in Qing Dynasty. The longest existing stone bridge in Qingling is Tailing Seven-hole Bridge, with a total length of107m. The emperor who visited the Qing Xiling Mausoleum the most was Qianlong, with 29 times.
The emperor who wrote the most inscriptions with imperial pens in the Western Qing Tombs was also Qianlong, with 9 * * *. Qing Xiling Mausoleum is the most well-preserved royal mausoleum group in Qing Dynasty, with imperial tombs, imperial tombs, concubines, princes, brothers, princesses, barracks, government offices, temples and palaces.
The Qing Xiling ancient pine forest is the largest artificial ancient pine forest in northern China, with 1.6 million trees in Gu Song and nearly 10,000 trees in Gu Song over 300 years old. The Beijing-Han Railway Branch Line (Gaoyi Railway) is the only royal railway built for ancestor worship in history. It is 46.4 kilometers long and ends at Lianggezhuang Palace in Xiling.
Tailing is the best.
The combination of the first three stone archways of Dahongmen in Tailing is unique in the Ming and Qing emperors' tombs. Tailing display hall is the only royal mausoleum in Qing Dynasty.
Changling jinghua
Changling site is the only auspicious place designated by the last emperor. Changling is the only tomb in the Qing Dynasty with douban stone laid in Long 'en Hall. Changling Monument is the monument of the last emperor in Qing Dynasty.
The Ming-style architecture in Changling is the tallest in the Qing Xiling, 25 meters higher than that in Tailing.
Chang Xiling is the best.
Changxi Mausoleum is the only mausoleum in the Ming and Qing emperors with echo walls and echo stones. Long 'en Temple in Changxi Cemetery is the only one with Cai Feng as the ceiling pattern. Changxi Mausoleum is the first queen's mausoleum without Fangcheng and Minglou.
Chang Xiling is the smallest Hou Ling. Changxi Mausoleum is the only tomb in Qing Dynasty without dragons and phoenixes.
The best of Muling
Muling is the first mausoleum built to break the Zhao burial system. Muling is the only tomb without Fangcheng and Minglou. Muling is the only mausoleum with a sundial and a stone building on the platform in the Qing Dynasty.
Muling is the first mausoleum in Qing Dynasty without a sacred monument. The Long 'en Hall in Muling is the only hall with a faucet on the ceiling and sparrows carved on the doors and windows. Muling is the only mausoleum that transforms the mausoleum gate into a stone archway. Muling is the only mausoleum named after the emperor himself. Muling is the only mausoleum in the Qing Dynasty that is not decorated with the Long 'en Hall and the East-West Attached Hall.
Chongling is the best.
Chongling is the last imperial mausoleum in the history of China. Chongling is the only mausoleum funded by the Qing government and the Republic of China. Chongling Longfengmen is the only arched gate of the Qing Xiling Mausoleum. Chongling is a mausoleum with the most complete drainage facilities in Qing Dynasty. Chongling is the only tomb in the Qing Dynasty where the underground palace was stolen and opened to the public.
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