Since modern waterscape residential areas became popular in Europe and America in 1990s, this wave of popularity has quickly affected China and spread to Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing and inland provinces. In recent years, due to the accelerated pace of life, high building density and serious environmental pollution, urban residents are more eager to get in touch with simple, natural, friendly and beautiful lakes and waters and get along with each other day and night. Therefore, the waterscape design of residential areas has also been greatly developed. In fact, due to its superior geographical location, rich mountain and lake resources, hot and humid climate and developed economy, Shenzhen has provided extremely convenient conditions for the design and construction of water environment, and the design has reached a high level.
First, the landscape characteristics of water
The reason why waterscape residential areas are deeply loved by people and bring endless interest to people is undoubtedly due to the characteristics of water itself.
Liquidity: The gravity of the earth makes the water flow continuously from high to low, and the change of this displacement makes the water in constant circulation, which fully embodies the soft and lively characteristics of water. However, waterfalls, waves, rapids, springs and other different degrees of intense state bring people a strong audio-visual feeling. In addition, the seasonal factors of wind also contribute to the flow of water. On the calm surface of the lake, "the wind wrinkles a pool of spring water", which is poetic.
Reflection and reflection: the reflection of water can increase the depth of field, expand the scene and produce a contrast between reality and reality. Under the sun, the water is sparkling, the new green, clear sky and buildings are intertwined and changing, and the vision is opened and closed; Reflection, backlight, reflection, sparkling and colorful, make the architectural environment picturesque.
Plasticity: water is a continuous substance, invisible, feminine and has no fixed shape, but it can be molded into various forms through containers or nozzles. Guo Zeng, a painter in the Song Dynasty, said in Lin Zhi: "Water is a living thing, and its shape wants to be quiet, smooth, Wang Yang, fat and surging ..." It describes the various forms of water in great detail.
Sound and color characteristics: water has no sound of its own. The sound of water is determined by the difference of substrate and the amount of residual air in the upper part. The sweet sound of water from the trickle, the roar of waterfalls and waves are all conducive to creating an ethereal and detached artistic conception; Although water has no color, it is a transparent liquid, but the plankton in nature and the blue reflection of light give it rich colors; The color mapping of the surrounding environment also makes the water surface change with the color of the scene.
Second, the development and utilization of waterscape
Hydrophilia is human nature. The development and utilization of water body can not only create poetic landscape effect, but also use certain means to expand space, extend and guide space, and use designers' creativity to diversify landscape environment content, thus activating space and creating affection.
Space expansion: large-scale plane space has certain control and space expansion functions in environmental space. On the one hand, the form of water nothingness weakens the spatial boundary, extends the spatial scope and contributes to the expansion of space; On the other hand, the reflection in the water not only brings light wave dynamics to the water surface, but also creates a virtual space on the water surface, resulting in an open and far-reaching feeling.
Extension and guidance of space: small-scale water surface or point-like water features play a role in the environment, forming the visual focus of space, thus playing a guiding role and its layout is more flexible; Moreover, this kind of waterscape is different from a large area of water surface, and it is easier to swim directly with people on the water, which not only enhances the participation and interest in the landscape, but also satisfies people's hydrophilic psychology.
Spatial hierarchy: As a visual object, waterscape has rich visual hierarchy. Its diverse forms and plasticity can be flexibly organized into various points, lines and surface waterscapes, forming a three-dimensional space through different superposition methods; And use the surrounding environment and buildings to block, divide and enrich the space, play the role of point scenery, face scenery and background, and obtain rich spatial levels.
III. Case Analysis (Pure Waterfront Landscape Design of Shenzhen Overseas Chinese Town Portofino Phase II)
Shenzhen Overseas Chinese Town Portofino Phase II Pure Waterfront is one of the successful examples of water environment design in modern residential areas in Shenzhen.
The project covers an area of 800,000 square meters with a total construction area of 6,543,800 square meters. The second phase of Pure Water Bank is located in the hinterland of Portofino, with undulating terrain. Yanqi Lake, a 70,000-square-meter natural lake, passes through the territory, facing the lush litchi forest and golf course, with the completed Swan Castle Phase I in the north and the theme park Happy Valley in the west. The air in this area is fresh, the oxygen content is high, and the original environmental conditions are unique.
Design concept:
The design is based on Portofino, an Italian seaside town, and combines the characteristics of western ancient buildings and modern communities. According to the original natural characteristics and the principle of minimizing artificial interference with originality, we will create a theme waterfront residential area with water as the medium-enjoy nature and return to simplicity.
Waterscape design:
On the basis of fully understanding the natural environment of the base, the design follows the planning concept of development and pays attention to the application of landscape elements such as waterscape, hard pavement and plants. Through different waterscape treatment methods, it not only expresses the oriental view of "harmony between man and nature", but also embodies the characteristics of interesting western "maintenance" concept.
Linear waterscape of the entrance square: a relaxed and intoxicating landscape axis is designed in the middle of the residential area: entrance square-leisure pedestrian street-San Fino bell tower-waterfront square and pier, which reflects the pure Italian square layout and architectural decoration style in composition. Down the steps at the entrance, along the slowly descending leisure pedestrian mall, a wisp of hoses gather in the center of the square, and black stones float on the water in a patchwork way, and the drizzle falls, splashing ripples, which is the focus and essence of the whole residential area; The tall bell tower at the end leans to one side, forming the height control of the whole landscape axis, which is in sharp contrast with the open lake at the far end. On the one hand, respect its natural scenery; On the other hand, combined with the architectural form, the water surface contour is partially combed and reformed, partially widened and dug, and the adjacent water interface is combed. This not only increases the total length of the lake shoreline, but also increases the spatial rhythm of the water surface and dispels the hard landscape materials on both sides; The lakeshore is made of stacked stones and covered with various natural vegetation, which is full of wild interest. Two superimposed waterfalls are designed according to the height difference on the water surface, which adds infinite movement to the mirror-like lake; The lakeside naturally extends to four groups of water courtyards, clubs and swimming pools of townhouses. Along the lakeside or small tree-lined wharf, the entrance square is slowly submerged into the depths of the lake in the form of gentle slope, and the long wooden plank road extends along the lakeshore to the water surface ... The lake, buildings and plants are integrated.
Point geometric waterscape: In addition to the above larger waterscape, there are also point geometric waterscape distributed in residential buildings. These waterscapes are either granite-carved spitting surfaces, or waterfalls formed by arc-shaped water platforms, or beautifully patterned round copper water bowls and octagonal pools arranged at the intersection of various axes, or even integrated with Yanqi Lake, forming a central visual focus.
Harmonious treatment of waterscape and artificial elements;
People are hydrophilic and like to keep close contact with water, and feel its smell, fog and humidity with all parts of the body. In the design, wooden benches and wooden platform bases are set on the 5-meter-wide wooden plank road, which can be used for rest, allowing people to get close to the lake for a long time and enjoy the beautiful scenery of nature; The waterfront square extends into the gentle slope of the lake, and the berthing dock paved with bluestone pebbles not only strengthens the harbor effect, but also makes people have direct contact with aquatic products; The lakeside trail is paved with square bricks, and there is also a leisure coffee stall by the water. Walking by the lake, the quietness and wisdom of the lake are amazing; Looking at the railing, the vast water faces the distance; Extremely green and lush, clean the soul; Tea is served in the street, and Shu Ya is cheerful and brisk.
In order to render the Mediterranean customs and make the water surface in harmony with the surrounding environment, attention should be paid to the selection of artificial elements and the collocation of colors in the design. The floor is mainly composed of slate, pebbles, matte granite and sandstone, and the bottom of the pool is composed of small pieces of granite and pebbles. Railings, lampposts, flowerpots and other accessories are mostly made of raw materials such as cast iron, logs and clay. In order to express the warm seaside atmosphere in color, some strong contrast colors are used, which show an oil painting-like effect from a distance against the backdrop of green mountains and green waters.
The layout and design of the building also fully consider the introduction of waterscape. The layout is in the form of "low middle and high periphery". Row houses and low-rise public buildings are arranged by the lake to reduce the oppression on the lake. Residential buildings with higher floors are arranged on the north side of the base, which can enjoy the lake view without affecting it, and at the same time, the periphery becomes the screen of the community center. Arranging an arc-shaped building combination at the corner of the waterfront square to realize transparent sight; The "Z"-shaped building splicing technology is adopted among groups to form a relatively complete and friendly internal space.
On the fa? ade, the townhouses are small in area, mainly in the form of small four slopes, with rich and colorful shapes, which provide a good landscape effect of the lake boundary. Because of its relatively large volume, multi-storey residential buildings combine some modern design elements, while maintaining the form of the top of the slope. The color tone is mainly bright yellow, the lines are simple and lively, the facade is very simple and tidy, and the classical elements such as doors, windows and balconies are rich in details. Huxing design takes lake as the main landscape element, emphasizing comfort and landscape. The 270 super-wide double-deck balcony makes the gentle and quiet lake a daily home landscape.
Four. conclusion
Generally speaking, the design of waterscape should pay attention to the creation of aesthetic feeling. On the premise of ensuring the healthy development of the environment, we should pay attention to the development and utilization of waterscape, control the scale, establish a beautiful natural environment and open space with limited resources, strengthen neighborhood communication, and create a poetic, picturesque and affectionate emotional experience.