1. Write an ancient classical Chinese essay and create it yourself
I heard it said: Eagles and vultures are originally from the same family. Their names are falcons, and they hunt in the wilds every day. between. Every year there is a severe drought, the vegetation dies, the deer and rabbits race to death, and the falcons become hungry. Some may fight against the sky, migrate to Hongmeng, and search for the tops of mountains; some may gather their wings and feathers, flutter away at the dust, and prefer to bury their flesh among carrion corpses. The former is proud and turns into an eagle, while the latter is contemptuous and is called a vulture.
I heard this and said: The year of severe drought is the autumn of the Falcon clan's turning point. At this time, if you have different ambitions, your future will be different. Wherever you belong, it is up to your will.
In all things in the world, the turning point is not limited to this one case. There is no such thing in the vast universe. Have you ever seen a clear spring flowing out of a boulder? This spring is also turning. Those who choose to retreat will be sheltered in the shade of rocks and escaping in forest depressions, and will not be known in the world, and will become rotten for a long time;
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Those who choose to advance will be fearless when encountering obstacles and will spin away. After millions of repeated attacks, it turned into a deep valley and a rapid flow that choked the boat and the boat. Have you also seen the breeze blocked by the cliff? This is the turn of the wind. Those who choose to avoid will be scattered outside the mountains, becoming invisible for a moment, and disappear in an instant; those who choose to advance will continue to grind for thousands of millions of years, and then they will be covered by the flying sand of the red desert. However, the appearance of an object always depends on the turning point.
And in the history of history, even those who have made great achievements have always chosen turning points. Baili Xi's actions and Sun Shuao's official career all suffered from adversity. However, Shi Qian's heart is determined by his great ambitions but not easy, he is not discouraged by torture, and he resolutely chooses life under the heavy humiliation. In the end, he has a masterpiece of history and a rhymeless show, which makes later generations of writers sigh. He also has the ambition of Marquis Wu, inheriting the virtues of the late emperor, serving the country with all his loyalty, pointing his sword at the Central Plains, and never ending his victory. Although the big plan failed in the street pavilion, Yi did not choose to retreat. He went out again and again, and finally earned his reputation as a tired man, earning him eternal sighs.
From this point of view, transitions are mostly caused by obstacles. Only those who have great ambitions and never give up will become outstanding people. The number of people who often wandered back after minor setbacks can be counted in the vastness of thousands of years, and there are only a few who have left their names! We know that when hualiu gallops in the vast wilderness, some of them will fall into the dust and mud, those who choose to be determined will die, and those who choose to rise up will benefit; when apes climb on the cliff, some of them will lose their hands and break their arms, and those who choose to be discouraged will perish, and those who choose to fight hard will Those who gain magical skills. There will be people who stumble around in strong winds and torrential rains; those who choose to be content and live in a cave, living in isolation and ignorance for the rest of their lives; those who choose to stand proudly and wander along, waiting for the rainbow to appear like a painting, and then climb onto the flat road and enjoy the cool breeze. Tao Qian chose to live in seclusion and give up his glory instead of fighting for rice, so "Go Back Come" has been recited for thousands of years. Unyielding in the face of swords and halberds, Wen Tianxiang chose to die in his country and gave up his official title, so his eyes and heart will shine forever in history.
Yu Yousui sighed and said: In the right turning place, where to go, everyone has his own wish, and it cannot be forced. However, spreading his righteousness to the world and spreading his fame to future generations cannot be unafraid of dangers and perseverance. The only one who is angry! 2. Find a 200-word classical Chinese article suitable for calligraphy creation
"Jie Descendants" [Song Dynasty] Shao Yong A high-grade person will be good without teaching; a middle-grade person will be good after being taught; a low-grade person will be good after being taught. Teaching is not good either.
What is good without teaching? What is it but a saint? To teach and then be good, what else can you do if you are not a virtuous person? The teaching is also not good, why is it not stupidity? This means that those who are good are called good; those who are not good are called bad. It is auspicious to have eyes that do not look at inappropriate colors, ears that do not listen to inappropriate sounds, mouths that do not speak inappropriate words, people that do not practice unreasonable behavior, people that are not friendly, do not take things that are not righteous, relatives who are close to virtuous people are like Zhilan, Avoid evil as you fear snakes and scorpions.
If you say that you are not a lucky person, then I don’t believe it. The bad ones are treacherous in language, sinister in actions, fond of profit and misfortune, greedy and fond of misfortune, good in illness is like a gap in the mouth, and punishment and punishment are like eating and drinking. In small cases, the body will be destroyed, in large cases, the family will be destroyed and the heirs will be destroyed.
I don’t believe it if you say you don’t call him a murderer. There is a saying in the legend: A good person is good, but the sun is not enough; a bad person is bad, but the sun is not enough.
Do you want to be a lucky person? Do you want to be a murderer? "Yu Xue" Eastern Han Dynasty Xu Shao Gains and Loss Volume 1 There is no greater loss than death, but there is nothing lost if you survive. Nothing can be gained more than life, and nothing can be gained by harming one's life.
The danger of gain and loss arises from reluctance to give up. The heart of not giving is motivated by foolish thoughts.
Everyone has a plan, give first and take later, follow the wishes of others, and the wise have wise ears. If the strong do not give it, they will lose it again.
The weak will not give it, and the loss will be unpredictable. It is not lost, but preserved.
Don’t be happy when you gain, whether you are lucky or lucky, success does not matter. If you take something away, you will be resented, and if you give something, you will be respected. This is where your name comes from.
Shun Ni Volume 2: Those who are worried about the dead are crazy, but those who are worried about the living are wise. Those who are at ease are mediocre, those who are at peace are peaceful.
Giving too much will lead to disaster, giving too little will lead to disaster. Benefit others and benefit yourself, but God will not bless you.
Surrender to others and lead to self-abuse. A gentleman does not blame small faults, but feels sorry for others and loses his virtue.
The villain does not accept big words and hates his own powerlessness. A gentleman is rebellious but not in danger; a villain is obedient but not far away.
Blessings and misfortunes do not invade, and peace of mind is good. Suffering and happiness without resentment are beyond the reach of enlightenment.
Volume 3 of Respect and Inferiority: Respect is given to others, but if it is lost, it will lead to humiliation. Those who are humble can strengthen themselves, and those who rely on them will be respected.
Using gold to win a noble title is a sign of success but unlucky. To use force to force others, there is danger in being powerful.
Don’t overspend money, don’t indulge in power, and it will be easy if it is extreme. Don't take the poor lightly, they are loyal and valuable.
Don’t abandon those who are mean-spirited, they are righteous. Loyalty to the Ming Lord and justice to the gentleman will be rewarded.
Don’t take the praise that is not given to you, and take it without the praise. If you don't fight for the merit, you will gain it; if you gain it, you will gain merit.
Xiu Qi Volume 4 Things are different, but the principles are self-explanatory. The fates are different, but the feelings are the same.
Pleasure can make people happy, sadness can make people sad, and sorrow can be appreciated. Blessings cannot be sustained, misfortunes cannot be sustained, and blessings and misfortunes cannot be tolerated.
He who is unconscious will achieve nothing. There are few people who share the joy, but they are expensive and stay away from each other.
***There are many people in difficulty, and they are humble and endless. Bitterness and happiness come from people, not from them.
The greatest happiness is given, and life is revered. The ultimate suffering is loss, and death is panic.
Volume 5 of Honor and Disgrace: There is no shame in being strong, and there is no honor in being arrogant. Honor and disgrace cannot be changed, and the person is only virtuous.
Those who honor others also honor themselves. He who humiliates others humiliates himself.
A gentleman does not grow old, and a villain does not have long-term luck. This is the reason for Tao. When you are hungry, you need food; when you are hungry, you need pity.
The cold is warmed, and the bad is warned. If there is a need for someone, it can be established.
Extreme glory will bring disgrace, but virtue can survive. Even if you are extremely humiliated, you will be honored. But do not lose what is good.
Success and Failure Volume 6 There is no fixed formula, only benefiting oneself and benefiting others can be achieved. There is a certain way to defeat. Harming others and harming oneself is defeat.
The reputation of a gentleman is better than the reality of a villain. The misfortune of a villain is greater than that of a gentleman.
You can know success or failure by looking at the person. The enemy can be controlled.
A friend can last a long time. My dear, I wish you peace of mind.
High merit cannot be said to be victory; merit is not victory. There is no way for people to be defeated if they are stupid, and they cannot be defeated if they are stupid.
Volume 7 of Rise and Fall There is no immortal body, and the principle of immortality exists. Spring and Autumn are fleeting, but great achievements can remain.
Bo Lian *** Wealth, prosperity. Harsh government, resentment, and death.
The rise and fall of human masters are not caused by heaven. A gentleman does not need clever tricks to build his family.
The villain loses his career and is ruined by treacherous plots. Don't give bribes to those who are right, and don't punish those who are evil. You must observe everything correctly.
There is no way to seize the joy that comes from heaven. Don’t deceive each other in case of unexpected disasters.
"Book of Commandments Two Chapters" [Three Kingdoms of Shu] Zhuge Liang's inscription Zhuge Liang (181-234), courtesy name Kongming, was a native of Yangdu, Langya (now south of Yishui County, Shandong Province) of the Three Kingdoms, and became the prime minister of the Kingdom of Shu. . In the letter, he taught his son how to study and establish himself.
Among them, "The calmness and clear aspirations" and "Tranquility and far-reaching" are quite popular among future generations. Original text The journey of a gentleman ① is to cultivate one's character through tranquility ② and to cultivate virtue through frugality ③ . If it is not indifferent, it will not clear its aspirations ④ . If it is not tranquil, it will not be far-reaching ⑤ .
To learn, you need to be quiet, and only to learn is to learn. Without learning, you cannot expand your talents, and without ambition, you cannot succeed in learning. If you are slow and impatient, you will not be able to stimulate your essence ⑦, and if you are impatient and impetuous, you will not be able to cure your nature ⑧.
, how unconventional? , Keeping the poor house in sorrow, what will happen again! Note: ①hu: The modal particle at the beginning of the sentence indicates that a discussion will be made. Gentleman: A person with high moral standards.
OK: Do. ②Cultivation: Cultivation of body and mind.
③Nurture virtue: cultivate virtue. ④Dan (dan) Bo: Tranquil and devoid of desires.
⑤Tranquility: Stability and tranquility. Yuan: lofty, far-reaching.
⑥Guang: Expand. Here it means increase.
⑦Yin: indulgence, no restraint. Slow: Lazy.
Encouragement: motivation. ⑧Danger: illness.
Treatment: Cultivation. ⑨Chi: run very fast.
This means that time passes quickly. ⑩Go: remove, disappear.
? Sui: Finally. Wither: wither and decline.
This refers to old age, physical weakness, exhaustion of energy, and lack of knowledge. ? More: means approximately.
Explanation of the Letter of Commandments to Sons In this letter, Zhuge Liang taught his son how to socialize at banquets and how to drink appropriately. Original text: The arrangement of a husband’s wine is to be in harmony with the etiquette to bring affection ①, to suit one’s body and return to nature ②, and when the etiquette is over and withdraws, this is the end of harmony ③.
If the idea is not lost④, and the guests are generous⑤, you can get drunk without getting confused⑥. Note ①To: Expression.
②Return: conform. ③To: reach the top.
④Meaning: Interesting.殚: to do all.
⑤Hao: means a heavy drinker. ⑥To: reach.
Confusion: unclear distinction, loss of reason. Book of Admonitions to Foreigners① Explanation: This letter is a family motto written by Zhuge Liang to his nephew Pang Huan.
Pang Huan, courtesy name Shiwen, was the son of Zhuge Liang's second sister, and had served as the prefect of the county. In this letter, Zhuge Liang taught his nephew how to be determined, cultivate himself, and become successful.
Original article: Husband’s aspirations should be lofty and far-reaching ②, admire the sages, be devoid of passion, abandon doubts and stagnation ③, make common people’s ambitions ④, reveal and retain ⑤, and feel compassion ⑥; be patient and stretch ⑦, and remove the small pieces ⑧ , Guangzhi asked, except for being stingy, even if there is flooding, why does it harm the beauty and why is it ineffective? . If your ambition is not strong and your mind is not generous, you will just be mediocre and stagnant? , silently tied to love, forever hiding in the commonplace? , isn’t it exempt from being obscene? ! Notes ① Exogenous: nephew.
Born, the same as "nephew". ②Save: Yes.
③Stagnation: rigidity. ④Shuji: refers to sages.
⑤Reveal: Reveal. Save: save.
⑥ Compassion: Sincerity. ⑦Forbearance: Tolerance.
Qu: grievance; frustration. Stretch: stretch, smooth.
⑧Fine: small and complicated. ⑨Dislike: complain, dissatisfaction.
Stingy: Regret, regret. ⑩ flood: stay.
Yanliu: stay. 3. Looking for several major styles of classical Chinese writing
Style refers to the genre and category of the article.
The criteria for stylistic classification are mainly considered from three aspects: the language form of the article, the content of the article, and the application scope of the article. In terms of language form, ancient literary styles can be divided into three categories: verse, parallel prose, and prose.
The difference between verse, parallel prose, and prose is that rhyme does not rhyme, while verse rhymes, such as "The Book of Songs", "Chu Ci" and poems of various eras. In addition, articles such as maxims and inscriptions used for regulations also rhyme and belong to verse, such as Liu Yuxi's "Inscription on a Humble Room".
Parallel prose and prose do not rhyme. The difference between the two is that the former pays attention to level and opposition, and the sentence structure is generally four or six oppositions (so parallel prose is also called "four or six" prose), such as Wu Jun's "Books with Zhu Yuan" is parallel prose, and prose does not have these regulations.
The concept of prose is very broad. All articles other than rhyme and parallel prose can be called prose. People in the Tang and Song Dynasties called parallel prose. "Shiwen", called prose "ancient prose".
The ancient prose movement advocated by Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu, in terms of style, opposed parallel prose and promoted prose. Prose can be divided into broad and narrow senses. Prose refers to works that are generally non-verse, and prose in the narrow sense refers to a literary genre.
When we talk about ancient prose, we use the concept of prose in the broad sense. Ancient prose can be divided into historical biographies, argumentative essays, and essays. There are four categories: miscellaneous essays and practical essays.
The characteristics of these four types of prose are introduced below. 1. Historical biographies are also called historical essays.
There are three main categories. ) The main feature of this type of historical prose is to use chronology as a clue to organize relevant historical events.
Among the chronological historical prose, "Zuo Zhuan" and "Zizhi Tongjian" have the greatest influence. The "Battle of Yu" and "Battle of Chibi" we have studied are of this style.
'(2) Biography. The main feature of this type of historical prose is to reflect historical events by describing the activities of characters.
The founder of the biographical style is Sima Qian, and his "Historical Records" is mainly about this era, aristocratic families, and biographies. The Twenty-Four Histories we usually talk about are of this genre.
The "Hongmen Banquet" (excerpted from "Historical Records of Xiang Yu"), "The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru", "The Biography of Su Wu" and "The Biography of Hai Rui" we have studied are all in this genre. The Twenty-Four Histories mentioned above are official national histories, and biographies written by private individuals also belong to this genre, such as the "Anecdotes of Zuo Zhongyi Gong" that we have learned.
Chronicle-style historical biographies are of great significance to the development of novels, stories and other literary forms. For example, the strange novels of the Six Dynasties, legends of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" were all deeply influenced by "Historical Records".
The "Biography of Liu Yi" and "Promotion of Weaving" that we have studied are this kind of literary works. (3) Chronicle style This genre was first created by Peishu in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Yuan Shu wrote a "Tongjian Chronicles" based on the materials provided by "Zi Zhi Tong Jian". More than 1,300 years of history are summarized into more than 230 special topics.
It is characterized by taking events as the main line and gathering relevant thematic materials together, such as. "Three families were divided into Jin", "Qin merged with the six kingdoms", "Gaodi destroyed Chu", "the Huns made peace", etc.
2. Argumentative essay An argumentative essay is an article that explains the principles of things. It requires a clear argument. , with credible arguments and rigorous arguments.
Political essays, literary essays, historical essays, academic essays, etc. all belong to the category of essays. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, essays had developed to a fairly complete stage.
The so-called "Hundred Schools of Confucius" all belong to the scope of argumentative essays at that time. There are two main forms of argumentative prose: First, quotations, such as "The Analects" and "Mencius" mainly record the ordinary thoughts of Confucius and Mencius. Speech.
This kind of argumentative essay basically does not have a complete chapter structure. The title of each article is not equal to the topic and has no intrinsic connection with the content of the article. For example, the first chapter of "The Analects of Confucius" "Xue Er". "That is, take the first sentence.
The two words "learn and" in Confucius said: "Learn and practice from time to time" have nothing to do with the content of the entire article. The other is collections of essays, such as "Mozi", "Zhuangzi", "Gouzi", "Han Feizi", "Lu Shi Chun Qiu", etc. We have studied the articles in these collections, and these articles have formal titles. , each article has a clear theme, and the structure, level, beginning and end of the article are very particular.
Starting from the Qin and Han dynasties, argumentative essays have undergone new development, with a large number of single essays appearing, and the genres have also tended to be diversified. The common ones are as follows: (1) Theory.
The discussion style of "Lun" is mainly based on argumentation. This genre requires people to be good at analysis. The more thorough and precise the analysis, the better it can reflect the characteristics of this genre. Jia Yi's "On the Passage of Qin" written in the early Western Han Dynasty is an earlier single treatise.
Later, there were some famous "theories" in each dynasty, such as "The Theory of the Destruction of Gods" by Fan Zhen in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and "Theory of the Six Kingdoms" by Su Xun in the Song Dynasty. (2) Talk.
The main feature of the literary style "Shuo" is to explain the meaning of a certain thing or a certain issue. For example, Han Yu's "Teacher's Theory" explains the principles of the profession of being a teacher; Liu Zongyuan's "Snake Catcher's Theory" explains why snake catchers make a career out of catching snakes.
The boundary between "discussion" and "speech" is difficult to distinguish so clearly. Generally speaking, more serious content such as character theory and history theory mostly adopt the genre of "discussion"; some "said" that is close to literary prose often do not adopt the genre of "discussion", such as Zhou Dunyi's "Ai Lian" "Shuo" cannot be changed to "On the Love of Lotus".
(3) Debate. "Debate" means to argue between right and wrong, distinguishing between truth and falsehood. The characteristic of this style is to refute a wrong argument or to argue certain facts.
For example, Han Yu's "Taubian" and Liu Zongyuan's "Tongye Fengdi Bian" are both famous works of this style. (4) Original.
"Yuan" means to explore the source. This style of writing is a fundamental investigation and discussion of a certain theory, proposition, political system or social custom. It is relatively theoretical. Han Yu's "Yuan Dao" and "Yuan Destruction", Huang Zongxi's "Yuan Jun" and "Yuan Chen" They are all famous works of this style.
(5) Fable. Fable is a literary form, but good fables should be philosophical.
There are a large number of fables in the philosophical treatises of pre-Qin scholars, such as "The Cooking Ding Jie Niuyi" in "Zhuangzi", "Sit back and wait for the rabbit" in "Han Feizi", etc. Liu Zongyuan's "Three Precepts" in the Tang Dynasty It is also a famous fable.
(6) Letters. Letters can be classified according to the standard of application scope.
In terms of the language form and content of the article, most of them are. Letters should be classified as argumentative essays. Letters occupy a very important position in ancient argumentative essays. Han Yu's "Reply to Li Yi" and Wang Anshi's "Reply to Sima Jian" can be read as literary and political commentaries.
(7) Preface to the gift. The preface to the gift is a gift. 4. Classical Chinese essays describing landscapes
Travel Notes on Shizhong Mountain by Su Shi
On a dark night, I took a boat to the foot of the cliff alone. Standing thousands of feet sideways, they look like ferocious beasts and strange ghosts, eager to attack people. There are falcons sitting on the mountain. They startle when they hear the sound of people, and there is also an old man coughing and laughing in the valley, who may say: "This stork." Crane also. "I wanted to return, so I made a loud noise on the water. The sound was like bells and drums, and the people in the boat were frightened. When I looked at it slowly, I found that there were stone caves under the mountain. I don't know how deep they are. Microwaves penetrated, and the waves were surging. For this reason. When the boat returns to the two mountains and is about to enter the port, there is a large rock flowing in the middle, which can accommodate a hundred people. There are many holes in the air, which are in harmony with the Feng Shui. Ru Le Zuo Yan said with a smile: "Do you know this?" Those who are awkward are like King Jing of Zhou's Wushe; those who are boring and boring are like the song bells of Wei Xianzi. The ancients did not deceive anyone. "
Former Red Cliff Ode
In the autumn of Renxu, in the seventh month, Su Zi and his guests went boating under Red Cliff. The breeze came slowly, and the water was calm. He drank wine for the guests. , chanting the poem of the bright moon, singing the graceful chapter. A little while ago, the moon appeared above the east mountain, wandering across the river, and the water was as bright as a reed, and it was as vast as a vast expanse. Feng Xu rode the wind, but he didn't know where it was going; he seemed to be left alone in the world, emerging into immortality.
So he drank and enjoyed himself, and sang: "The osmanthus and the orchid paddle." , Hit the sky brightly and trace the light. It's so dim in my arms, and I look up to the beauty in the sky. "There is a guest who plays the tune of the cave, and he sings along with it. His voice sounds like resentment, admiration, and weeping. The lingering sound is lingering, like a wisp; dancing in the secluded ravine, weeping in the lonely boat. Woman.
Su Zi was stunned, sitting upright and asked the guest, "Why is this so?" The guest said: "The moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpies are flying south. Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde?" It looks to Xiakou to the west and Wuchang to the east. The mountains and rivers are close to each other, and the sky is green; isn't this what Meng De said was trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi defeated Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, followed the river to the east, sailed boats thousands of miles away, covered the sky with flags, drank wine by the river, and wrote poems across the river. He was a hero for a lifetime, where is he now? Kuang Wu and his son were fishing and woodcutting on the rivers and rivers, accompanying fish and shrimps and making friends with elk. They rode a small boat with a leaf, and raised bottles to show their friendship. They sent mayflies to the sky and the earth, a drop in the vast sea. I mourn the brief moment of my life, I envy the infinity of the Yangtze River; I carry flying immortals with me to travel around, I hold the bright moon in my arms for the rest of my life; I don't know how unexpected it is, but I leave my legacy in the sad wind.
Su Zi said: "Does a guest also know that my husband has water and the moon?" Those who have passed away are like this, but they have not yet passed away; those who are full and empty are like that, but their deaths are not waxing and waning. If I look at the things that have changed, I will see that heaven and earth cannot last a moment; if I look at the things that do not change, then all things will be endless to me. And why would you envy it? Moreover, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner. It's not my property, even if I don't take any of it. But the cool breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains can be heard as sounds by the ears, and can be seen by the eyes as colors. Take it without restraint and use it inexhaustibly. This is the infinite treasure of the Creator, and it is the perfect place for me and my son. ”
Since I found it in two places, I won’t write it on the web page.
The guests smiled happily, washed the dishes and drank more, the food cores were all gone, and the cups and plates were in a mess. We met and pillowed each other. In the boat, I don't know how white the east is.
Later Red Cliff Ode
It is the tenth month of the year, and I will return to Lingao after walking from the Xuetang. The two guests followed me across the yellow mud slope. The frost and dew have fallen, all the leaves have fallen off, and the figures are on the ground. They look up at the bright moon, look at it and enjoy it, and sing in response to each other. He sighed and said: "There are guests but no wine, there is wine but no food, the moon is white and the wind is clear, what a good night it is!" The guest said: "Today at dusk, I lift the net to catch fish, with a big mouth and thin scales, like a perch in the Songjiang River. Gu An Did you get any wine? "Go back and seek help from your wives." The woman said, "I have a bucket of wine, which I have hid for a long time, just in case my son needs it from time to time." So she took the wine and fish and swam under the Red Cliff again. The river flows with sound, and the bank is broken for thousands of feet; the mountains are high and the moon is small, and the water falls and rocks are revealed. The sun and the moon were as old as before, but the mountains and rivers cannot be recognised. I took my clothes and climbed up, walking on the slanderous rocks, covered with velvet, perched on tigers and leopards, climbed on horned dragons, climbed on the dangerous nests of falcons, and looked down on Feng Yi's secluded palace. Gai Ergu can't follow him. Suddenly there was a long roar, the grass and trees shook, the mountains hummed and the valley responded, the wind blew and the water surged. I am also quiet and sad, solemn and frightened, so awe-inspiring that I can't stay. Instead, he boarded the boat, let it go into the middle of the current, and waited until it stopped. It was almost midnight, and everything was lonely. There is a lone crane coming across the river from the east. The wings are like wheels, and the silk clothes are black and white. They scream loudly and sweep towards the boat heading west.
After a while, the guest left, and I fell asleep. In the dream, a Taoist priest, with his feathers fluttering, passed by Lingao. He bowed to me and said, "Are you having fun at Red Cliff?" When asked his name, he bowed his head and did not answer. "Woohoo! Heehee! I know it. Those who flew past me at night in the past are not my sons, are they evil?" The Taoist priest smiled, and I was also shocked. Open an account and look at it, but you can't see it. 5. A brief description of Ouyang Xiu’s achievements in ancient prose creation
Ouyang Xiu’s ancient prose is rich in content and diverse in genre.
His argumentative essays can be divided into two categories: historical essays and political essays. The historical papers are mainly prefaces to his historical works. The writing style is concise and smooth, reflecting profound historical insights and political thoughts. The "Preface to the Biographies of Lingguan in the History of the Five Dynasties" is the most brilliant. Ming Dynasty scholar Mao Kun called it "a thousand-year masterpiece". Through the example of Li Cunxu, Emperor Zhuangzong of the Later Tang Dynasty, who went from strength to decline, he came to the conclusion that "worry and labor can rejuvenate a country, while leisure and hesitation can destroy one's life" and "misfortunes are often accumulated in the slightest, while wisdom and bravery are often trapped in drowning". The article is short in length, narrating first, then discussing, and is full of emotion. For example, at the beginning of the article: "Wow! The principle of ups and downs, although it is called destiny, is not a human matter! The reason why the original Zhuangzong won the world, rather than the reason why he lost it, can be understood." It is really full of emotion, but the writing style is very calm and tactful. In the middle, it is written that Zhuangzong inherited his father's ambition and took revenge. When the enemy was destroyed and the world was settled, the situation changed drastically. "One man screamed at night, and the chaos responded... The monarch and his ministers looked at each other and did not know where they were going... As for the tears, "Breast, how decline it is!" From the strong contrast of one rise and one fall, it shows that "the rise and fall" depends on "personnel affairs". However, the author said: "How can it be so difficult to gain and so easy to lose? Are all the traces of success or failure due to others?" The incisive discussion, deep emotion, and gentle tone are combined together to create an ups and downs in the ordinary and comfortable. This is Ouyang Xiu's most unique writing style.
Most of Ouyang Xiu's political essays were written in response to real political issues, and his famous articles such as "On Clique" are the product of real political struggles. In response to the attack on conservatives, the article does not deny the name of cronyism, but points out the principled difference between cronyism. "Gentlemen and gentlemen are friends of the same way, and villains are friends of the same interests." It also quotes history to illustrate the friendship of a gentleman. It is beneficial to the country, but friends of villains are harmful to the country. I hope that the ruler will make true friends of gentlemen and abandon the false friends of villains. The article avoids passively defending oneself, and only points out the objective existence of cronyism from a positive perspective, and cronyism is fundamentally different. By making an argument like this, you gain the initiative and make yourself in an invincible position.
Ouyang Xiu's narrative is easy to understand and full of emotions. "The Drunkard Pavilion". The full text is summarized and concise, yet full and vivid, with both literary talent and momentum. The article starts from the general environment and slowly leads the readers to the Drunkard Pavilion. The name of the pavilion points out the central context of the whole text, which is "the joy of landscape". Then describe the scenery of Zuiweng Pavilion, in order of "morning" and "evening" and "spring, summer, autumn and winter". Each period uses one sentence to draw a typical scenery, forming six pictures. In the end, it comes down to the fact that the scenery in the four seasons is different, but "the joy is endless" is still closely linked to the word "le".
In addition to describing scenes, the author pays attention to writing about people, and expresses his "joy of landscapes" against the background of Chu people playing in the mountains and rivers. It boils down to the fact that his happiness is to be able to "enjoy the same thing" as Chu people, and to "enjoy the same thing" Its joy”. The author was demoted to Chuzhou, but he could treat political setbacks with an open-minded attitude. He placed his affection on mountains, rivers and wine, and took pleasure in himself. He showed his political ideas and achievements through the description of the joy of mountains, rivers and enjoying with the people, and showed his Political positions and opinions will not change due to being hit. The language and sentence structure of the article are also very distinctive. The whole article is concluded with the function words of "Zhe" and "Ye", which are used repeatedly. They sing and harmonize, and the tone is very beautiful. At the same time, there are many parallel sentences mixed in between the single lines, which sound sonorous, harmonious and melodious when read, and can highlight the author's positive and optimistic life interest, and are highly creative in art. "Memories" such as "The Drunkard's Pavilion" are the most artistic parts of Owen's works.
Ouyang Xiu is also good at writing fu style prose. His "Qiu Sheng Fu" draws on the prose method to compose fu. The art pays attention to parallelism, extravagance, and pays attention to rhythm, but it gets rid of the heavy stacking of ordinary fu style prose. The shortcomings strengthened the prose tendency of fu style writing, transformed ancient fu into fresh and lively literary fu, and opened up a new way for the development of fu.